Early Stages Of Recovery Research Articles

Cellular resiliency and survival of Neuro-2a cells under extreme stress

Stressors such as hypoxia, hypothermia, and acute toxicity often result in widespread cell death. This study investigated the outcomes of Neuro-2a (N2a; mouse neuroblastoma) cells following a cryogenic storage failure that exposed them to a combination of these stressors over a period of approximately 24-30 hours. Remarkably, a small fraction of the cells survived the event, underwent a period of dormancy, and eventually recovered to a healthy state. To understand the underlying resilience mechanisms, we created a model to replicate the dewar failure event and examined changes in phenotype, transcriptomics, proteomics, and mitochondrial activity of the surviving cells during recovery. We found that the surviving cells initially displayed a stressed morphology with irregular membranes and a clustered apperance. They showed an increased expression of proteins related to DNA repair and chromatin modification pathways as well as heightened mitochondrial function shortly after the stress event. As recovery progressed, the stress-responsive pathways, mitochondrial activity, and growth rates normalized toward that of healthy controls, indicating a return to a stable baseline state. These findings suggest that an initial robust energetic state supports key stress-responsive and repair pathways at the early stages of recovery, facilitating cell survival and resiliency after extreme stress. This work provides valuable insights into cellular resilience mechanisms with potential implications for improving cell preservation and recovery in biomedical applications and developing therapeutic strategies for conditions involving cell damage and stress.

Disability trajectories individuals with spinal cord injury in mainland China: do psychosocial resources and diseases factors predict trajectories?

Observational cohort study. To identify classes of disability trajectories from 1 month post-injury (acute hospital) to 6 months post-injury (individuals with SCI individuals who stay in rehabilitation setting or back in the community), and to investigate whether psychosocial resources and disease factors can predict disability trajectory. Spinal surgery in three Class III hospitals. Hospitals in China are divided into three classes (Class I, II and III). All the participants were submitted to WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHO-DAS 2.0) at three times; and personal data anamnesis, level of hope, level of PTSD, level of social support were recorded at first time. All the data collected by the master's students who participated in this study. Two disability trajectories were identified using the latent class growth model: the continuous high disability group (N = 196, 93.3%) and the low starting point stabilization group (N = 14, 6.7%). Complete injury(ASIA-A) with SCI and more depression in the stable condition after SCI surgery were more likely to be classified as having higher disability than those with a lower disability trajectory. Occupation, annual family income, hope, social support, and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) cannot predict individuals belonging to trajectory classes. These findings emphasize the importance of ASIA and depression in the early recovery stage after SCI and support the opinion that strengthening psychological nursing and rehabilitation management at an early stage after SCI will benefit individuals with a lower disability trajectory.

Early prediction of functional mobility severity after stroke: Two key milestones

BackgroundThe prognosis for functional recovery is crucial for discharge planning, optimizing healthcare resources and improving recovery chances. Prediction tools are key but must be usable from the beginning of rehabilitation and easy to use in clinical routine. Simple mobility milestones have shown predictive potential for stroke recovery. This study aims to identify the most efficient milestones for predicting the severity level of stroke patients' mobility at an early stage of recovery. MethodsRetrospective cohort study where medical records from a general private hospital were reviewed. Through convenience sampling. The data collected included the Standardized Five Questions, Functional Status Score for the Intensive Care Unit, Berg Balance Scale, and Modified Rankin Scale, all unified by the Complexity-Based Model for Categorizing Rehabilitation, establishing severity levels. To predict mobility severity levels at reevaluations, CHAID (Chi-Square Automatic Interaction Detector) decision tree analysis and exact logistic regression analysis were employed. This involved using conventional mobility milestones alongside the clinical and demographic characteristics of the patients. Results50 patients met the criteria from admission (Evaluation 1: first week from stroke) to the first discharge point (Evaluation 2: second week from stroke). Only 25 patients remained for the second discharge point (Evaluation 3: fourth week from stroke). There were significant differences when comparing the functional assessments. The milestones “Sitting to standing” and “Sitting unsupported” were the most efficient predictors of future mobility complexity. Conclusions“Sitting balance” and “Sitting unsupported” were the best predictors. These simple milestones are feasible to assess in daily clinical practice.

Геронтологические особенности влияния новой коронавирусной инфекции на показатели интерлейкинового профиля, воспаления и эндогенной интоксикации у пациентов зрелого и пожилого возраста с ишемической болезнью сердца

Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is considered as an independent risk factor for COVID19, however, the indicators of inflammation and endogenous intoxication in patients with CHD 3-4 weeks after recovery from COVID-19 have not been the subject of scientific research. The aim of the study: Assessment of the gerontological features of the effect of the transferred new coronavirus infection on the indicators of the interleukin profile, inflammation and endogenous intoxication of mature and elderly patients with coronary heart disease in the early stages of recovery. Materials and methods: The study included 58 mature-age patients with coronary heart disease 3-4 weeks after recovery from COVID-19 of moderate severity, who made up the comparison group. The main group of patients was represented by 62 elderly people with coronary heart disease who had suffered a new coronavirus infection and were examined in the same way as the previous group, 3-4 weeks after recovery. The level of C-reactive protein and highly sensitive C-reactive protein in the blood was studied using the Nicomed-reader express analyzer, and antistreptolysin-O was studied using an immunoturbidimetric method on the Cobas 600 analyzer (Switzerland). The blood levels of bilirubin, urea, creatinine and sialic acids were studied using the ROKI biochemical analyzer. The content of systemic cytokines was determined by the Beckton Dickinson FACS Canto 2 (USA). The level of anxiety and depression was studied on the HADS scale. Results: 3-4 weeks after recovery from COVID-19, antistreptolysin-O levels ranged from 120.9 МЕ/ml to 208.1 МЕ/ml. Significant changes among the considered parameters of inflammation and endogenous intoxication in patients with coronary heart disease in old age during recovery from a new coronavirus infection were accompanied by a change in the content of highly sensitive C-reactive protein in peripheral blood. In the early stages of recovery after COVID-19, in elderly patients with coronary heart disease, the concentration of many studied cytokines in blood plasma remained elevated compared with those aged 45-59 years. The excess of reference values in both groups was found for IL-17, TNF-α and IFN-α, and among elderly patients – for IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-17. Conclusion: Antistreptolysin-O, highly sensitive C-reactive protein, C-reactive protein can be considered markers of recovery in patients with combined coronary heart disease in the early stages after a new coronavirus infection.

Increasing Ages of Inga punctata Tree Soils Facilitate Greater Fungal Community Abundance and Successional Development, and Efficiency of Microbial Organic Carbon Utilization

Leguminous Inga trees are thought to enhance soil carbon (C) accumulation following reforestation, through mostly unknown mechanisms. This study amplified soil DNA using the ITS1F and ITS4 primers for PCR and Illumina MiSeq methods to identify fungal taxa, and traditional C analysis methods to evaluate how planted 4-, 8-, and 11-year-old Inga punctata trees affected soil fungal community compositions and C utilization patterns compared to old-growth I. punctata trees and an adjacent unplanted pasture within the same reforestation zone in Monteverde, Costa Rica. Along the tree age gradient, the planted I. punctata trees enhanced the tree soil C capture capacity, as indicated by increased levels of soil biomass C, Respiration, and efficiency of organic C use (with lower qCO2 values), and development of increasingly more abundant, stable, and successionally developed fungal communities, including those associated with the decomposition of complex organic C compounds. The level and strength of differences coincided with differences in the time of separation between the pasture and tree age or between the different tree ages. Fungal taxa were also identified as potential indicators of the early and late stages of soil recovery. Thus, planting I. punctata should be part of future reforestation strategies used in this region of the Monteverde Cloud Forest in Costa Rica.

Stage-dependent role of interhemispheric pathway for motor recovery in primates

Whether and how the non-lesional sensorimotor cortex is activated and contributes to post-injury motor recovery is controversial. Here, we investigated the role of interhemispheric pathway from the contralesional to ipsilesional premotor cortex in activating the ipsilesional sensorimotor cortex and promoting recovery after lesioning the lateral corticospinal tract at the cervical cord, by unidirectional chemogenetic blockade in macaques. The blockade impaired dexterous hand movements during the early recovery stage. Electrocorticographical recording showed that the low frequency band activity of the ipsilesional premotor cortex around movement onset was decreased by the blockade during the early recovery stage, while it was increased by blockade during the intact state and late recovery stage. These results demonstrate that action of the interhemispheric pathway changed from inhibition to facilitation, to involve the ipsilesional sensorimotor cortex in hand movements during the early recovery stage. The present study offers insights into the stage-dependent role of the interhemispheric pathway and a therapeutic target in the early recovery stage after lesioning of the corticospinal tract.

Glycine Receptor Beta Subunit (GlyR-β) Promotes Potential Angiogenesis and Neurological Regeneration during Early-Stage Recovery after Cerebral Ischemia Stroke/Reperfusion in Mice.

Ischemic stroke is mainly caused by cerebral artery thrombosis. This study investigated the role of glycine receptor beta subunit (GlyR-β) in the recovery from cerebral ischemia stroke/reperfusion. The oxygen glucose deprivation and recovery (OGD/R) bEnd3 cell model and the middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) mouse model were used in this study. Expression of both the GlyR-β gene and vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegf), cell proliferation, and tube formation ability was decreased in bEnd3 cells after OGD/R, and was reversed by overexpression of GlyR-β. Neurological function, asindicated by Zea Longa scores, area of cerebral ischemia, and pathological changes were increased in mice after MCAO/R, and were ameliorated by overexpression of the glycine receptor beta (Glrb) gene at 24 h and 7 d after MCAO/R. Expression of GlyR-β and Gap-43 was decreased, and the expression of CD34, Vegf, and Bdnf, and cell growth as determined by a bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) assay, increased in the affected brain tissue of MCAO/R mice in a time-dependent manner. GlyR-β overexpression resulted in enhanced expression of CD34, Vegf, Growth association protein 43 (Gap-43), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) and cell growth in affected brain tissue of MCAO/R mice in a time-dependent manner. GlyR-β promoted potential angiogenesis and neurological regeneration in affected brain tissue, thus promoting recovery from cerebral ischemia stroke/reperfusion.

Losing, regaining, and continuing to build self-confidence – a qualitative, phenomenological study of being physically active with a type B aortic dissection

Purpose To gain a comprehensive understanding of experiences related to being physically active in participants with an uncomplicated type B aortic dissection. Materials and methods We performed a qualitative, phenomenological study. First-person accounts of adults, who at least one year ago had an uncomplicated type B aortic dissection, were collected using semi-structured interviews. The audio recordings of the interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed with interpretative phenomenological analysis. Results We collected, in total, 644 min interview data from 14 participants. Three patterns were interpreted: losing self-confidence, regaining self-confidence, and continuing to build self-confidence. Experiencing symptoms when pushing limits, challenges with energy management, and side effects of medication caused loss of self-confidence. Changes in identity, reaching milestones that reflect improvement, and support from others and tools helped participants regain self-confidence. To continuing to build self-confidence, participants indicated they needed success experiences and activities make life worth living. Conclusions Self-confidence in adults with an uncomplicated type B aortic dissection changes immediately after the diagnosis of the aortic dissection. Rehabilitation professionals can support adults regaining and continuing to build self-confidence, aiming for the perfect balance between blood pressure regulation, quality of life, and being physically active. Implications for rehabilitation Rehabilitation professionals should support regaining and continuing to build self-confidence related to being physically active in adults with type B aortic dissection in the early stages of recovery and beyond. Adults with an uncomplicated type B aortic dissection want rehabilitation professionals to tell them primarily what is possible (recommendations) rather than what is not allowed (rules). Rehabilitation professionals should help adults with an uncomplicated type B aortic dissection to explore, push and, ultimately, accept limits related to exercise tolerance.

ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ РЕЛИЗА НАДЛОПАТОЧНОГО НЕРВА ПРИ АРТРОСКОПИЧЕСКОМ ВЫПОЛНЕНИИ ШВА ПРИ РАЗРЫВЕ СУХОЖИЛИЯ НАДОСТНОЙ МЫШЦЫ

Supraspinatus injuries may be associated with traction injury to the suprascapular nerve, potentially responsible for rotator cuff pain or weakness and as a consequence have an impact on early recovery from tendon suture. Purpose: to study the results of release of the suprascapular nerve in the superior notch of the scapula during arthroscopic repair surgery of the supraspinatus tendon of the shoulder joint depending of the extent of damage. Materials and methods: The study included 121 patients. The patients were divided into 2 groups. Group A consisted of patients who underwent arthroscopic repair of the supraspinatus tendon. Group B included patients who underwent the same operation with additional release of the suprascapular nerve in the superior notch of the scapula. An assessment was made before surgery using the DASH (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand) and VAS (visual analogue scale) scales, and then at 1, 6, 12 months after surgery and the degree of dystrophy according to the Goutallier classification in T1-weighted MRI before surgery, and then 3, 6, 12 months after surgery. Results: The difference between the groups according to Goutalier classification in the third month after surgery was 0.04, according to the VAS assessment in the first month after surgery was p < 0.01, and at the same period a statistically significant difference was found in the DASH assessment (p = 0.01). Discussion: There are conflicting results regarding the issue being studied. This is explained by the lack of knowledge of pathophysiological processes in this area, as well as the high level of evidence of published studies. Conclusion: Additional release of the supraspinatus nerve in the scapular notch during repair of the supraspinatus muscle is effective in the early stages of recovery, and is also of greatest importance in cases of massive tears.

Recent infection with SARS-CoV-2 in donors was associated with a higher incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease in recipients undergoing allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

The global pandemic has resulted in the common occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the population. In the post-pandemic era, it is imperative to understand the influence of donor SARS-CoV-2 infection on outcomes after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). We retrospectively analysed allo-HSCTs from donors with mild SARS-CoV-2 infection or early recovery stage (ERS) (group 1, n = 65) and late recovery stage (group 2, n = 120). Additionally, we included allo-HSCT from donors without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection as group 0 (n = 194). Transplants from donors with different SARS-CoV-2 infection status had comparable primary engraftment and survival rates. However, group 1 had higher incidences of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD), grade II-IV (41.5% vs. 28.1% in group 0 [p = 0.014] and 30.6% in group 2 [p = 0.067]) and grade III-IV (22.2% vs. 9.6% [p = 0.004] in group 0 and 12.2% in group 2 [p = 0.049]). Conversely, the risk of aGvHD in group 2 was similar to that in group 0 (p > 0.5). Multivariable analysis identified group 1 associated with grade II-IV (hazard ratio [HR] 2.307, p = 0.010) and grade III-IV (HR 2.962, p = 0.001) aGvHD, which yielded no significant risk factors for survival. In conclusion, we preliminarily demonstrated donors in the active infection state or ERS of mild SARS-CoV-2 infection were associated with higher incidences of aGvHD in transplants from related donors.

From tissue lesions to neurotoxicity: The devastating effects of small-sized nanoplastics on red drum Sciaenops ocellatus

Nanoplastic pollution typically exhibits more biotoxicity to marine organisms than microplastic pollution. Limited research exists on the toxic effects of small-sized nanoplastics on marine fish, especially regarding their post-exposure resilience. In this study, red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) were exposed to small-sized polystyrene nanoplastics (30 nm, PS-NPs) for 7 days for the exposure experiments, followed by 14 days of recovery experiments. Histologically, hepatic lipid droplets and branchial epithelial liftings were the primary lesions induced by PS-NPs during both exposure and recovery periods. The inhibition of total superoxide dismutase activity and the accumulation of malondialdehyde content throughout the exposure and recovery periods. Transcriptional and metabolic regulation revealed that PS-NPs induced lipid metabolism disorders and DNA damage during the initial 1–2 days of exposure periods, followed by immune responses and neurotoxicity in the later stages (4–7 days). During the early recovery stages (2–7 days), lipid metabolism and cell cycle were activated, while in the later recovery stage (14 days), the emphasis shifted to lipid metabolism and energy metabolism. Persistent histological lesions, changes in antioxidant capacity, and fluctuations in gene and metabolite expression were observed even after 14 days of recovery periods, highlighting the severe biotoxicity of small-sized PS-NPs to marine fish. In summary, small-sized PS-NPs have severe biotoxicity, causing tissue lesions, oxidative damage, lipid metabolism disorders, DNA damage, immune responses, and neurotoxicity in red drum. This study offers valuable insights into the toxic effects and resilience of small-sized nanoplastics on marine fish.

How Does Physical and Psychological Recovery Vary Among Competitive and Recreational Athletes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction?

The recovery and rehabilitation journey after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) surgery can be different for competitive and recreational athletes as their motivation and goals toward sports are different. Competitive athletes would present with better patient-reported outcomes and higher muscle strength compared with recreational athletes postsurgery. Second, competitive athletes would recover better (patient-reported outcome [PRO] measures and muscle strength) compared with recreational athletes at later stages. Cross-sectional laboratory-based study. Level 2. A total of 245 patients with unilateral ACLR were categorized as competitive or recreational athletes and grouped into early (4-6.9 months) or late (7-10 months) stages of recovery. PRO were collected for psychological response (Tampa Scale Kinesiophobia; Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Return to Sport after Injury), perceived knee function (International Knee Documentation Committee subjective form [IKDC]), and quality of life (Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score; Veteran Rand-12). Isokinetic, concentric knee extension strength was measured bilaterally with a multimodal dynamometer (System 4, Biodex Medical Systems) at a speed of 90° and 180°/s. Competitive athletes had significantly higher scores for IKDC (P = 0.03), and quadriceps peak torque at 90°/s (P = 0.01) and 180°/s (P < 0.01) compared with recreational athletes. Competitive athletes had higher quadriceps strength at 90°/s (P < 0.01) and 180°/s (P = 0.02) in the late group. Recreational athletes displayed higher sports participation in the late group. Outcomes of ACLR may differ based on preinjury athletic level. Whereas competitive athletes had higher knee and muscle function than recreational athletes, psychological measures were not different among groups. There is a need for more individualized care for patients with ACLR since there is variability among patient goals postsurgery. This information might help set realistic expectations for competitive and recreational athletes after surgery.

Effect of plant-soil system on the restoration of community stability after wildfire in the northeast margin of Qinghai-Tibet plateau

Wildfires, as an environmental filter, are pivotal ecological disturbances that reshape plant communities and soil dynamics, playing a crucial role in regulating biogeographic patterns and ecosystem services. In this study, we aim to explore the effects of wildfires on forest ecosystems, specifically focusing on the plant-soil feedback mechanisms within the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). Utilizing Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLS-PM), we investigated the interrelationships among soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, species diversity, and community stability at varying post-fire recovery stages (5, 15, and 23 years). Results indicated that in the early recovery stages, rapid changes in soil properties such as decreased pH (p < 0.001) and increased nutrient availability facilitate the emergence of early successional species with high resource utilization traits. As the ecosystem evolved toward a climax community, the soil and vegetation exhibit increased stability. Furthermore, soil enzyme activities displayed dynamic patterns that corresponded with changes in soil nutrient content, directly influencing the regeneration and diversity of plant communities. Importantly, our study documented a transition in the influence of soil properties on community stability from direct positive effects in initial recovery phases to negative impacts in later stages, while indirect benefits accrue through increased species diversity and enzyme activity. Vegetation composition and structure changed dynamically with recovery time during community succession. Plant nutrient absorption and accumulation affected nutrient dynamics in the soil, influencing plant regeneration, distribution, and diversity. Our results underscore the complex interactions between soil and vegetation that drive the recovery dynamics post-wildfire, highlighting the resilience of forest ecosystems to fire disturbances. This study contributes to the understanding of post-fire recovery processes and offers valuable insights for the management and restoration of fire-affected forest ecosystems.

Seasonal changes of ammonia-oxidizing bacterial communities during tropical forest restoration

In this study, we used a high-throughput sequencing technology to survey the dry-wet seasonal change characteristics of soil ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) communities in the three restoration stages [i.e., Mallotus paniculatus community (early stage), Millettia leptobotrya community (middle stage), and Syzygium oblatum community (later stage)] of Xishuangbanna tropical forest ecosystems. We analyzed the effects of soil physicochemical characteristics on AOB community composition and diversity during tropical forest restoration. The results showed that tropical forest restoration significantly affected the relative abundance of dominant AOB phyla and their dry-wet seasonal variation. The maximum relative abundance of Proteobacteria (71.3%) was found in the early recovery stage, while that of Actinobacteria was found in the late recovery stage (1.0%). The abundances of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria had the maximum ranges of dry-wet seasonal variation in the early and late stages, respectively. The abundance of dominant AOB genera and its dry-wet seasonal variation varied across tropical forest restoration stages. The maximum average relative abundance of Nitrosospira and Nitrosomonas in the late recovery stage was 66.2% and 1.5%, respectively. In contrast, the abundance of Nitrosovibrio reached its maximum (25.6%) in the early recovery stage. The maximum dry-wet seasonal variation in relative abundance of Nitrosospira and Nitrosomonas occurred in the early recovery stage, while that of Nitrosovibrio occurred in the middle recovery stage. The Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson diversity indices of AOB communities increased along the restoration stages, which were significantly higher in the wet season than in the dry season. The results of canonical correspondence analysis showed that soil easily oxidized carbon was the main factor controlling AOB community diversity and Actinobacteria abundance. Soil bulk density and temperature were the main factors affecting Proteobacteria abundance. Soil pH, microbial biomass carbon, water content, ammonium nitrogen, bulk density, and temperature were the main factors controlling the abundances of Nitrosospira, Nitrosomonas, and Nitrosovibrio. Therefore, tropical forest restoration can regulate the change of relative abundance of dominant AOB taxa via mediating the changes of soil temperature, bulk density, and readily oxidized carbon, leading to an increase in soil AOB community diversity.

Recovery of dislocation cell structures in 316L stainless steel manufactured by selective laser melting

Understanding the recovery mechanism associated with the dislocation cell structure in 316L austenitic stainless steel produced by selective laser melting (SLM), as well as the role played by the accompanying segregation network, is crucial for tailoring the microstructures and mechanical properties of SLM-prepared components. In the present work, the evolution of the dislocation cells was investigated during isothermal annealing, and a recovery mechanism for the dislocation cell structure was proposed based on a combination of microstructural observations and recovery kinetics analysis. The results show that the high-density dislocations at the cell boundaries annihilate during prolonged annealing at 800 °C, resulting in the decomposition of the dislocation cells. The recovery kinetics analysis reveals that SLM-prepared 316L exhibits a lower recovery rate and requires significantly higher apparent activation energy during annealing compared to conventional 316L deformed by cold rolling. The segregation network plays an important role during the dislocation recovery process, which limits the dislocation reaction occurring within the cell boundaries at the early stage of recovery, impedes the dislocation motion after the decomposition of dislocation cells, and leads to a strong temperature dependence of recovery kinetics in SLM-prepared 316L.

MAMAS (mastopexy–augmentation made applicable and safer): A standardized template of pre-operative marking and step-by-step surgical procedure

Simultaneous breast augmentation with mastopexy is growing in popularity. It is a complex procedure that can lead to post-operative complications, patient dissatisfaction, and increased risk of litigation. The aim of this study is to describe an approach for the inverted-T augmentation-mastopexy technique, which limits intraoperative modifications, minimizes errors, and decreases post-operative complications and patient dissatisfaction.The study included 107 patients with Regnault's grade I and II ptosis and severe pseudoptosis. All patients were marked according to our novel technique, Mastopexy Augmentation Made Applicable and Safer (MAMAS), and operated by a single surgeon. All patients underwent simultaneous breast augmentation with Siltex Mentor Round Silicone Gel breast implants and mastopexy. Pre-operatively and post-operatively, patients filled the BREAST-Q. The mean follow-up was 24 months.Hundred and seven women received treatment in this study. Sixteen presented with post-operative complications, eleven in the early stage of recovery, and five in the late stage. There were eight cases of minor wound healing complications, all treated conservatively. Two cases of infection were noted, both were treated with oral antibiotics. One patient experienced post-operative bleeding after 13 days, which required surgical revision. In the late stage of recovery, five cases of implant displacement occurred and required revision surgery. No cases of capsular contracture and seromas were reported. According to Breast-Q, all patients were satisfied.MAMAS surgical technique, focusing on precise pre-operative marking for augmentation-mastopexy, is simple and easily reproducible. The procedure has a low complication rate and high patient satisfaction. It provides predictable and stable results over time.

Early Period Assessment of the Nutritional Status of Child Patients in the Earthquake Zone

Objective:The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of earthquakes on the nutritional status and infection rates of children in the early stages of post-earthquake recovery. Material and Methods: Following the earthquakes on February 6, 2023, 80 out of 504 patients who presented to the pediatric examination tent in Hatay province were included in the study. Reasons for patient visits and weight loss compared to pre-earthquake measurements were examined. Results: A total of 80 patients were examined across three different age groups [1 month-5 years (29 patients), 5-10 years (34 patients), and 10-18 years (17 patients)]. In all three age groups, a statistically significant decline was observed in body weights, weight percentiles, and age-specific standard deviations when compared to their pre-earthquake measurements (p&amp;lt;0.001). Besides, frequently occurring illnesses were respiratory tract infections (51.25%) and acute gastroenteritis (38.75%). Conclusion: Ensuring appropriate and adequate nutrition for children in the aftermath of a disaster is of critical importance for sustaining normal growth and preventing of diseases. Therefore, emergency plans should include expert pediatricians and prioritize children.

Investigation of topical amniotic membrane suspension and ReGeneraTing Agent on early corneal stromal healing in rats

Innovative topical bioregenerative materials promoting corneal stromal healing provide valuable alternatives for treating patients with deep corneal ulcers, and particularly beneficial for those with a higher anaesthetic risk. This study aimed to investigate the effects of topical amniotic membrane suspension (AMS) and ReGeneraTing Agent (RGTA) on surgically induced deep stromal ulcers in rats. Eighteen Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 treatment groups: control group (topical normal saline, TID); AMS group (topical AMS, TID); RGTA group (topical RGTA, Q2D). Corneal microsurgery was used to create deep stromal ulcer. Evaluations were performed by corneal opacity grading, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), histopathology, and immunohistochemistry. One-way ANOVA and Dunnett's test were used for statistical analysis. By the seventh day of treatment, both the AMS and RGTA groups showed significantly greater thickness in corneal stroma (both p-value < 0.05) than the control group. Additionally, the RGTA group exhibited a significantly higher degree of myofibroblast infiltration in the stroma and a greater level of corneal opacity (p < 0.05). No significant differences in the count of inflammatory cells were noted. In conclusion, both AMS and RGTA have demonstrated effectiveness in promoting the early stages of stromal wound healing and wound defect recovery in our research. Both AMS and RGTA have good potential for treating deep corneal ulcers in small animals practice. Further research is necessary to investigate the long-term effects and mechanism of using topical AMS and RGTA on treating deep corneal ulcer in clinical practice.

Mild traumatic brain injury and the propensity for movement specific reinvestment

ABSTRACT Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) occurs from biomechanical forces on the brain, leading to pathophysiological changes that cause cognitive, perceptual, and/or motor impairments. Following mTBI, individuals are likely to be concerned about preventing pain or re-injury, therefore, we asked whether they had greater propensity to consciously monitor and control their movements. We also examined whether an association exists between the propensity to consciously monitor and control movements and mTBI clinical factors (time since most recent mTBI, number of mTBI, symptom severity). 157 participants with mTBI and 188 controls completed the Movement Specific Reinvestment Scale (MSRS) to measure the propensity for conscious monitoring and control of movements (i.e., movement specific reinvestment). Multivariate analysis of variance was used to explore scores on the MSRS as a function of mTBI/control and males/females with and without history of mTBI. Compared to controls, people with mTBI scored higher on both MSRS sub-scales (conscious motor processing, movement self-consciousness). Irrespective of mTBI history, females scored higher on the movement self-consciousness sub-scale. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine relationships between movement specific reinvestment and mTBI clinical factors. Time since most recent mTBI was negatively associated with conscious motor processing, suggesting that during early stages of recovery, people with mTBI are more likely to consciously control their movements. No association was evident between movement specific reinvestment and number of mTBI or symptom severity. Further understanding the relationship between conscious motor processes and mTBI may help tailor rehabilitation strategies to meet individual needs of those with mTBI.

Abstract 117: Bleeding Risks for Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients on Serotonergic Antidepressants and Anticoagulation/Dual Anti-Platelet Therapy

Background: Selective serotonin/serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SSRI/SNRIs) are associated with improved stroke recovery. Some clinicians withhold SSRI/SNRIs over bleeding risk concerns. Our objectives were: 1) Quantify the association between early initiation of SSRI/SNRIs and adverse bleeding events among acute ischemic stroke (IS) patients, 2) Determine bleeding risks among patients receiving anticoagulation (AC) or dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT), and 3) Evaluate bleeding risks between anti-depressant (AD) classes. Methods: Medication naïve first-time IS patients were identified from Electronic Medical Records of 70 healthcare organizations (2003-2023). Patients without ADs were considered “No AD”. Patients started on ADs within 3 months of the indexed stroke were classified as "SSRI/SNRI" or "Other AD" (i.e., Mirtazapine, bupropion, trazodone, or tricyclic ADs). The primary outcome was 1-year risk of major bleeding events (e.g., gastrointestinal/intracranial or shock). Secondary outcomes were hemorrhagic stroke (HS), fall and death. Baseline differences were adjusted for using 1:1 matched propensity scores. Results: A total of n=666,150 patients were included [No AD (n=607,278), SSRI/SNRI (n=35,631), Other AD (n=23,241)]. Early use of SSRI/SNRIs (vs. No ADs) was not associated with an increased risk of a major bleed for all patients (n=35,557 matched pairs) or among patients on AC (n=7,672 matched pairs). However, concurrent use of SSRI/SNRIs and DAPT was associated with a 29% increased risk of HS (RR:1.29, 95% CI: 1.11-1.50, n=8,381 matched pairs). Among patients on ADs, bleed risks were higher for use of “Other ADs” vs. "SSRI/SNRIs" (n=21,810 matched pairs). Discussion: SSRI/SNRIs treat post-stroke depression, promote functional recovery and are generally safe to start during the early stages of recovery for patients with IS. However, an increased risk of HS should be considered when starting ADs among patients on DAPT.