Early Self-efficacy Research Articles

Students’ Smoking Abstinence Self-efficacy toward Early Maladaptive Schemas

Introduction: Smoking abstinence self-efficacy is a factor that plays a key role in preventing addiction or its revival tendency after quitting. This study attempted to analyze the relationship between the early maladaptive schemas and smoking abstinence self-efficacy among the sophomore high school students in the city of Gorgan, Iran. Methods: This was a descriptive study and its population (n= 9955) included all second grade high school students in the city of Gorgan in the school year 2015-2016. The multi- stage cluster sampling method was used to select 369 participants. The required data were collected using the maladaptive schema questioners and the smoking abstinence self-efficacy questionnaire. Pearson correlation and Multi- variable regression methods were also used to analyze data. Results: The results of the current study indicated a significant, yet reverse relationship of the early maladaptive schemas with smoking abstinence self-efficacy. Furthermore, 51 percent change in self-efficacy variance is derived from the components of early maladaptive schemas. Among components of the early maladaptive schemas, components of the abandonment / alienation, the strongest predictor was students smoking abstinence self-efficacy. Conclusion: Early self- efficacy schemas are among the individual and psychological causes with especial importance in studies on smoking dependency and its consumption. Such early schemas lead to biases in an individual’s interpretation of the events. These biases are represented as distorted attitudes, false speculations, unrealistic aims and perspectives, and high- risk behaviors such as smoking.

Status of self-efficacy and related influencing factors of postpartum nurses in early stage after returning to work

Objective To investigate the status of self-efficacy and related influencing factors of postpartum nurses in early stage after returning to work. Methods From January 2017 to February 2018, 71 nurses in the early stage of postpartum return from Liu'an People's Hospital of Anhui Province were selected as the research subjects. The subjects were investigated by the general data questionnaire, the Chinese version of the General Self-Efficacy Scale, the Self rating Anxiety Scale, the Simple Coping Style Questionnaire and the Understanding Social Support Scale. Results The early general self-efficacy of postpartum nurses was (2.57±0.58) points, and the different levels of anxiety, family support, coping style, Department nature and working years had an impact on the early self-efficacy of postpartum return nurses (P < 0.05). Conclusions The self-efficacy of postpartum nurses at the early stage is at a lower level. The level of anxiety, family support, coping style, Department nature and working life are the main factors affecting the self-efficacy of postpartum return nurses, including the severe department, short work years, high anxiety level and low family support. The period of self-efficacy is low. Nursing managers should pay attention to this part of postpartum return to post nurses, formulate perfect postpartum return training to give scientific management of science, so that they can be better put into work and life. Key words: Nurses; Postpartum return to work; Early stage; Self-efficacy