Early Risers Research Articles

Talking to young children about race: Using research evidence to move the needle in early childhood educational practice and policy

AbstractThis essay tells the story of a unique collaboration among practitioners, researchers, and policymakers to create and disseminate Early Risers, a podcast devoted to supporting racial equity in early childhood. Early Risers leverages research evidence to debunk common myths about how children learn about race. It showcases evidence‐informed practices for teaching young children about race and racism and for supporting positive racial identity. I share lessons learned about how research can educate caregivers, early childhood educators, administrators, and policymakers on the importance of creating pathways toward conversations about race and racism. Our hope is that Early Risers can serve as a model for researcher–practitioner–policymaker collaboration to innovate and “wake up” the early childhood field.

Exhibit Hall Is Place to Be!

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article Annual MeetingFull AccessExhibit Hall Is Place to Be!Vernetta CopelandVernetta CopelandSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:25 Feb 2023https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.pn.2023.03.3.64AbstractIf you think you are already familiar with APA’s Exhibit Hall, think again. It’s been reimagined as a place to learn about new books, products, and medications; enjoy coffee and snacks; hear from psychiatry’s thought leaders; get a massage; and play games with colleagues.The Exhibit Hall continues to offer attendees new and engaging activities as well as opportunities to learn about new products and services related to psychiatry. After last year’s successful Annual Meeting in New Orleans—where it was obvious that APA members were glad to gather in person once again—exhibitors are gearing up on a larger scale this year to interact with attendees and share information. Over 250 exhibitors are expected—check out the list of names and a map of the Exhibit Hall in the Annual Meeting Program Guide available at Registration and on the APA Meetings App. Attendees at APA’s 2022 Annual Meeting in New Orleans get a snack at one of the Mid-Day Mingles in the Exhibit Hall.Oscar & AssociatesAPA continues to put safety first for the health of APA attendees, exhibitors, vendors, and staff. This year’s COVID guidelines require that all attendees at the meeting be fully vaccinated against COVID-19. By attending the meeting, each individual attests and affirms compliance with this request.The Exhibit Hall is an integral part of the meeting, and the schedule has been carefully planned. To encourage attendance at plenary sessions and to allow exhibitors a break, the Exhibit Hall will be closed each day from 10:30 a.m. to 11:45 a.m. The Exhibit Hall will resume with a Mid-Day Mingle where light food and snacks will be available.Exhibit Hall InformationExhibit Halls A-C, Exhibition Level, Moscone CenterSaturday, May 2011:45 a.m.-4 p.m.Sunday , May 219:10 a.m.-10:30 a.m.11:45 a.m.-4 p.m.Monday, May 229:10 a.m.-10:30 a.m.11:45 a.m.-4 p.m.Tuesday, May 239:30-10:30 a.m.11:45 a.m.-1:30 p.m.The Stage will serve as the main hub for attendees to meet up with colleagues; charge personal devices; listen to lively presentations; or just take a few moments to rest between sessions in a casual, relaxed setting. Non-CME presentations will be offered in a few formats. The Product Showcases, which will be held in two theaters in the Exhibit Hall, include 16, 60-minute sessions. For early risers, Product Showcases have been added each morning at 9:30 a.m. to include breakfast items along with coffee and tea (dependent on company preference). The 30-minute Huddles and 30-minute Coffee & Conversations sessions will also take place at The Stage. The popular Coffee & Conversations sessions are designed to promote engagement among attendees with APA thought leaders and dynamic presenters on exciting and timely topics. Therapeutic Updates are an extension of the Exhibit Hall. They will be held at the Hilton San Francisco Union Square. Sessions are planned Saturday to Monday, May 20 to 23, from 7:30 p.m. to 9:30 p.m. All non-CME sessions are on a first-come, first-served basis, so be sure to mark your calendars to attend!The new Mind & Body Pavilion will be available to encourage attendees to focus on their well-being in three areas: Calm, Create, and Challenge. In the “Calm” area, attendees can get a massage with a licensed massage therapist trained to address any tension areas in the upper body. In the “Create” area, attendees can collaborate and paint selected works of art. In the “Challenge” area, attendees can compete with each other in various games such as giant Jenga® and Connect Four® games. Don’t forget to drop by APA Central and learn more about the benefits of membership. Check out the PsychPRO booth, APA’s mental health registry, and sign up to participate if you haven’t already. Purchase your DSM-5-TR at the APA Publishing Bookstore at a discount. The Career Expo offers recruitment possibilities for those searching for employment opportunities, and the Publishers Expo provides the latest publications you need for your professional library.We are looking forward to a great meeting, so plan now to take part in all the Exhibit Hall offerings and the Annual Meeting as a whole. ■Vernetta Copeland is associate director of exhibits and sponsorship sales in APA’s Department of Meetings and Conventions. ISSUES NewArchived

Parent and Child Risk Profiles as Predictors of Response to a Conduct Problem Preventive Intervention.

Current evidence-based prevention programming targeting child externalizing problems demonstrates modest overall effect sizes and is largely ineffective for a sizable proportion of youth who participate. However, our understanding of the youth and family characteristics associated with response to specific programming is quite limited. The current study used child and family risk profiles as predictors of response trajectories to the Early Risers conduct problem preventive intervention. A sample of 240 kindergarten-aged youth displaying elevated school-based aggression were randomized by school to either the Early Risers intervention or a control condition. Using a number of child and family risk variables, a latent profile analysis produced a solution consisting of five unique risk profiles. Three low and mixed risk profiles were associated with a limited response to the intervention. One high-risk profile characterized by maladaptive parenting and elevated child externalizing demonstrated notably improved trajectories of externalizing behavior over a 3-year period relative to the control condition. Another high-risk profile characterized by inconsistent discipline, high parental distress, and elevated child internalizing and externalizing symptoms seemed to have positive developmental trends disrupted by the intervention relative to the control condition, potentially consistent with an iatrogenic effect relative to the control condition. The study results support continued efforts to use broader risk profiles to examine heterogeneity in response to preventive interventions and, with replication, will have implications for intervention tailoring.

Metagenomic analysis reveals the signature of gut microbiota associated with human chronotypes.

Patterns of diurnal activity differ substantially between individuals, with early risers and late sleepers being examples of opposite chronotypes. Growing evidence suggests that the late chronotype significantly impacts the risk of developing mood disorders, obesity, diabetes, and other chronic diseases. Despite the vast potential of utilizing chronotype information for precision medicine, those factors that shape chronotypes remain poorly understood. Here, we assessed whether the various chronotypes are associated with different gut microbiome compositions. Using metagenomic sequencing analysis, we established a distinct signature associated with chronotype based on two bacterial genera, Alistipes (elevated in "larks") and Lachnospira (elevated in "owls"). We identified three metabolic pathways associated with the early chronotype, and linked distinct dietary patterns with different chronotypes. Our work demonstrates an association between the gut microbiome and chronotype and may represent the first step towards developing dietary interventions aimed at ameliorating the deleterious health correlates of the late chronotype.

P036 Trajectories of emotional and behavioural problems in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children: Role of sleep and cultural attachment

Abstract Purpose This study explored the link between sleep and emotional and behavioural problems and assessed whether cultural attachment reduces the risk of emotional and behavioural problems in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Indigenous) children. Methods The data from wave 5 to wave 10 of the Footprints in Time cohort were used. Multi-trajectory modelling was used to identify sleep trajectories using weekday sleep duration, weekday bedtimes, wake times, and sleep problems (waves 5, 7 & 10). Trajectories of emotional and behavioural problems were derived from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) data (waves 6, 8 & 10). Cultural attachment assessment included the knowledge of Indigenous language, clan, people, family stories/history and other cultural practice. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the link between sleep and emotional and behavioural problems. Results Analysis of sleep data from 1270 Indigenous children (50.6% females, mean age 6.3 years (±1.5)) identified four distinct trajectories: early sleepers/early risers (19.3%); early/long sleepers (22.1%), normative sleepers (47.8%), and late sleepers (10.8%). Three emotional and behavioural problem trajectories emerged: low stable (49.1%), high decreasing (40.5%), and high stable (10.4%). Early sleepers//early risers (OR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.28–0.82) and children with strong cultural attachment (OR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.27–0.82) had lower odds of being in the high emotional and behavioural problem trajectory group. Conclusions Early bedtime in children may reduce the risk of future emotional and behavioural problems. The protective effect of cultural attachment further highlights the need for strengths-based approaches to reduce mental health issues in Indigenous children.

Temporal immunological marker risk model for predicting severity of COVID-19 outcomes: early risers, late bloomers and general giants

Treatment strategies for severe COVID-19 presentations have improved. However, predicting severity early remains a challenge, as the onset of deterioration is highly variable and difficult to recognise. Patients showing late deterioration are particularly affected by limited treatment options. A

Late bedtime and body mass index gain in indigenous Australian children in the longitudinal study of indigenous children.

To explore sleep patterns in indigenous Australian children and assess the role of sleep timing in longitudinal changes in body mass index (BMI). Latent profile analysis was conducted with the Australian Longitudinal Study of Indigenous Children (LSIC) cohort data (wave 5), to determine distinct patterns of bed and wake timing, taking account of weekday sleep duration, weekday and weekend bedtimes, and weekday wake times. Multilevel models with a random intercept were used to investigate the role of baseline sleep pattern in predicting longitudinal changes in BMI. Baseline data for 1258 children (50.7% males), mean age 6.32±1.52years, indicated the presence of five classes of sleep patterns: early/long sleepers (4.5%), normative sleepers (25.5%), late sleepers (49.9%), consistent late sleepers (11.1%) and early risers (9%). Late sleeping was significantly associated with longitudinal gains in BMI. Compared with early sleepers, consistent late sleepers experienced 1.03 unit gain in BMI at follow-up (95% CI: 0.001-2.05, P=.05). This study underscores the importance of looking beyond sleep duration and highlights the positive outcomes of early bedtimes in children. As sleep timing is modifiable, this offers the opportunity for improvement in sleep and protecting against future weight gain in indigenous children.

Cute monsters and early birds: foreignness in graphic novels on migration by Shaun Tan and Paula Bulling

ABSTRACTThis paper contrasts two opposite approaches within the presently booming field of comics on migration, namely Paula Bulling’s German documentary comic book Im Land der Frühaufsteher (In the Land of Early Birds or Early Risers) and Shaun Tan’s wordless fictional narrative The Arrival. Both engage with the topic of migration and aim to (re)create a sense of foreignness and alienation for their readers that mirrors the experiences of the characters portrayed in the comics. However, the paper suggests that The Arrival leaves readers with a sense of strangeness mastered and enjoyed while Im Land der Frühaufsteher elicits a sense of constant confusion. Drawing on research on the rhetorical effects of narrative beginnings, the paper demonstrates that the reader’s initial experiences with the text foreshadow the reading experience of the entire graphic novel. It then discusses two aspects of specific relevance to the theme of foreignness: first, the relationship between different points of view and the depiction of communication and second, the use of visual strategies ranging from a visual mode to specific symbols. It also reflects on the autobiographical background of both comics and the ethics behind the authors’ different uses of the theme of foreignness.

A small scale circadian rhythm research for learning new vocabulary items

It is assumed that there is a more or less optimal time during the day for learning new school material, which can vary for different people. It is known that circadian rhythm and certain physiological functions in the human body are closely interconnected. Similarly, according to earlier research, morning and evening personality types can be correlated with certain personality factors. The purpose of the study is to investigate the optimal vocabulary learning habits of two different groups of learners, the early risers or the larks (L) and those who normally get up late and work late, the owls (O). A small scale experiment was conducted to investigate and analyze the best optimal time and the least optimal time that can potentially influence success at learning new vocabulary items. The research questions were aimed at discovering the most effective learning hours for both the owls and the larks. A shorter version of the Munich Chrono Type Questionnaire (MCTQ) was administered to potential participants. Then learning sessions were organized for both groups with the memorization of new vocabulary items followed by tests. It is a small-scale research, and long term implications cannot be drawn without further research. Since the results are somewhat contradictory to earlier findings; more emphasis should be given to this area of research. The results are promising for developing learning strategies; however, further research is needed to acquire more reliable findings. Examining the circadian rhythm of learners has important future implications in foreign language learning and teaching.

Earlier shift in race pacing can predict future performance during a single-effort ultramarathon under sleep deprivation.

ObjectiveWe constructed research camps at single-effort ultramarathons (50 and 100 miles) in order to study human endurance capabilities under extreme sleep loss and stress. It takes > 24h, on average, to run 100 miles on minimal sleep, allowing us to construct 24h human performance profiles (HPP).MethodsWe collected performance data plotted across time (race splits) and distance (dropout rates; n=257), self-reported sleep and training patterns (n=83), and endpoint data on cardiovascular fitness/adaptation to total sleep deprivation and extreme exercise/stress (n=127).ResultsIn general, we found that self-reported napping was higher for 100-miler versus 50-miler runners and that ultra-endurance racing may possibly pre-select for early morning risers. We also compared HPPs between the first 50 miles completed by all runners in order to examine amplitude and acrophase differences in performance using a cosinor model. We showed that even though all runners slowed down over time, runners who completed a 100-miler ultramarathon had an earlier acrophase shift in race pace compared to non-finishers.DiscussionWe were able to identify time-dependent predictions on overall performance under minimal sleep, warranting the ultramarathon athlete as a unique demographic for future study of sleep and chronobiological relationships in the real world.

Bidirectional Relations between Parenting Practices and Child Externalizing Behaviors in Formerly Homeless Families: A Random-Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Analysis

SYNOPSIS Objective . This study examined the bidirectional relations between effective parenting practices and externalizing problems in children in homeless families. Design . The sample comprised 223 children (M = 8.12 years) in 137 families living in temporary supportive housing, who participated in the Early Risers conduct problems prevention program lasting 2 years. Video-recorded observations of parent-child interactions were collected and rated by trained observers to assess effective parenting practices. Child externalizing problems were reported by their school teachers. Both variables were assessed at baseline prior to intervention and at 1- and 2-year post-baseline. Results . Child externalizing problems at baseline were negatively associated with effective parenting from baseline to year 1 as well as from year 1 to year 2. Observed effective parenting practices at year 1 were negatively associated with child externalizing problems from year 1 to year 2. Conclusions . These findings underscore the presence of bidirectional influence processes between parents and children in high-risk families. Implications for intervention programs for high-risk families are discussed.

Sleep pattern and body mass index gain in Indigenous Australian children

Purpose: This study aims to explore different sleep patterns in Indigenous Australian children and assess the role of sleep patterns in longitudinal changes in body mass index (BMI). Methods: This work is based on wave 5 to wave 8 (2012–2015) data of the Australian Longitudinal Study of Indigenous Children (LSIC) cohort. Latent class analysis was used to determine distinct sleep patterns, taking into account weekday sleep duration, weekdays and weekends bedtimes, and weekday wake times. Multilevel models with a random intercept for child and geographic clusters were used to investigate the role of baseline sleep pattern in predicting longitudinal changes in BMI. Results: Baseline data for 1,258 children (50.7% males), mean age 6.32 years (SD ± 1.52), indicated the presence of five classes of sleep patterns: early/long sleepers (4.5%), normative sleepers (25.5%), late sleepers (49.9%), consistent late sleepers (11.1%), and early risers (9%). Family income, child health, food choices, sleep problems, geographic remoteness and area‐level disadvantage, were found to be significantly associated with sleep patterns in children. Regression results indicate that late sleep pattern is significantly associated with longitudinal gains in BMI. Compared with early sleepers, consistent late sleepers were found to have a significant increase in BMI (β = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.001–2.05, p = 0.05). Conclusions: This study underscores the importance of looking beyond sleep duration and highlighting the positive outcomes of early bedtimes in children. As sleep pattern is modifiable, this offers the opportunity for improvement in sleep and protecting against future weight gain in Indigenous children.

Revisiting the Egyptian Uprising of 2011: Exploring the Role of Relational Networks within the Cairo-Based Political Opposition

AbstractRevisiting the Egyptian Uprising of 2011, I argue that strong relational networks linking actors in the broader Cairo-based political opposition—a conglomerate of prodemocracy movement organizations—should be understood as a necessary, albeit insufficient, causal condition for the diffusion of protest. These networks fulfilled two essential functions. 1) They were critical in terms of professionally socializing a new generation of activists—many of whom would become early riser participants during the initial protests on January 25, 2011. 2) The networks allowed for critically important coordination of and mobilization for the protests as they cut across boundaries of individual social and protest movement organizations. Based on 55 semi-structured interviews, I trace the genesis of these relational networks during the first decade of the new millennium, showing how a coalition of actors sought to capitalize on a transnational demonstration effect triggered by the Tunisian Revolution. This group—linked by dense relational networks—then functioned as early risers during the initial stages of the uprising and encouraged other segments of Egyptian society to join the protests and to openly challenge a regime that had often been regarded as impenetrable to popular demands for socio-political change from below.

From contestation to conciliation: social networks and engagement in the unemployed graduates movement in Morocco

ABSTRACTIn Morocco, since the early 1990s, thousands of higher education graduates have participated in a protest movement seeking to secure employment in the public service. The ‘unemployed graduates movement’ takes the form of a fragmented multi-organizational field. All the groups share a main demand (a job in the public sector for their members), but they represent several ways to defend the ‘right to work’. Early risers of the unemployed movement were very close to far-left networks. However, over the years, recruitment networks diversified in such way that the far left is no longer the main source of activists. This contribution proposes to show why and how the activist recruitment networks of unemployed graduates groups changed, as well as unveil some effects of this change. By showing empirically how the recruitment networks of the unemployed have diversified across time and how this has encouraged conciliating attitudes within the movement, I make two theoretical contributions: firstly, that the normalisation of protest does not make networks irrelevant, but it transforms them; secondly, that it is necessary to take into account the ‘bargaining costs’ generated during the negotiation processes in order to understand change within the movement.

Infant co-sleeping patterns and maternal sleep quality among Hadza hunter-gatherers

ObjectiveDespite widespread interest in maternal–infant co-sleeping, few quantified data on sleep patterns outside of the cultural west exist. Here, we provide the first report on co-sleeping behavior and maternal sleep quality among habitually co-sleeping hunter-gatherers. DesignData were collected among the Hadza of Tanzania who live in domiciles constructed of grass huts with no access to synthetic lighting or climate controlled sleeping environments. Using interview data, we recorded baseline ethnographic data on co-sleeping. Using actigraph data, we tested whether sleep quality, sleep–wake activity, and/or sleep duration differs among breastfeeding women, non-breastfeeding women, and men. MeasurementsCamNtech Motionwatch 8 actigraphs were used to collect 1 minute, epoch-by-epoch data on a sample of 33 adults. Functional linear modeling (FLM) was used to characterize sleep–wake patterns and a linear mixed-effects model was used to assess factors that drive sleep duration and quality. ResultsThe FLM suggests that breastfeeding mothers were early risers and had reduced day-time activity. Additionally, total number of co-sleepers, not breastfeeding, was associated with less sleep duration and quality, suggesting that greater number of co-sleepers may be a primary driver of poorer sleep. ConclusionThe current study makes important contributions to the cross-cultural literature on sleep and augments our understanding of maternal–infant co-sleeping. The majority of Hadza participants co-sleep with at least one other individual and the majority of married couples sleep with their spouse and their children on the same sleeping surface. Our preliminary sleep quality data suggest that breastfeeding does not negatively impact maternal sleep quality.

A8854 Hypertension; more likely in late night eaters than early eaters in North Indians Diabetic patients

Objectives: People who stayed up & eating late, regardless of lifestyle factors, had a higher risk of diabetes or increased cardiac problems than those who were early risers. The aim of this study is to investigate whether there was a relationship between chronotype (morningness-50n eveningness-25n & mixed chronotypes-50n) Blood pressure and other metabolic disorders. Methods: A total of 125 diabetic subjects (without severe complications) aged 18 to 60 years were recruited in Clinical OPD of General Medicine, KGMU. Results: When we compared these 3 groups, eveninness chronotype had high levels of FBG (189.25 + 83.33) Postprandial (296.5 + 145.39) HbA1c (9.54 + 2.23) TG (227.95 + 112.24) & low levels of HDL-C (41.51 + 9.34).Serum leptin (15.01 + 14.70) also reduced in eveningness & mixed chronotype than morningness type. It also shows the complete inversion of the cortisol level (171.55 + 77.70). Systolic/ Diastolic readings of ABPM shows significant change between morning (124.42 + 19.99/76.28 + 16.24) mixed type (147.42 + 21.38/86.42 + 17.38) and between morning & evening type (147.49 + 22.35/85.35 + 17.59). And for reliability of sleep by actigraphy shows morning (6:15 + 1:35) & evening type (8:18 + 1:23) take complete sleep but mixed chronotypes total sleep hours (5:10 + 1:05) are very less. Conclusion: Eveningness & mixed chronotype more likely to have poor sleep quality, sedentary life style, eating late & larger meals at night than individuals of the morningness chronotype. And these results suggest that the T2DM patients with eveningness trait are under inadequate BP control independent of other lifestyle factors. On the results of ABPM & Actigraphy, BP was not affected by bed time or get up time; it was only affected by eating time.

Sleep schedules and school performance in Indigenous Australian children

BackgroundSleep duration and sleep schedule variability have been related to negative health and well-being outcomes in children, but little is known about Australian Indigenous children. MethodsData for children aged 7-9 years came from the Australian Longitudinal Study of Indigenous Children and the National Assessment Program–Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN). Latent class analysis determined sleep classes taking into account sleep duration, bedtimes, waketimes, and variability in bedtimes from weekdays to weekends. Regression models tested whether the sleep classes were cross-sectionally associated with grade 3 NAPLAN scores. Latent change score modeling then examined whether the sleep classes predicted changes in NAPLAN performance from grades 3 to 5. ResultsFive sleep schedule classes were identified: normative sleep, early risers, long sleep, variable sleep, and short sleep. Overall, long sleepers performed best, with those with reduced sleep (short sleepers and early risers) performing the worse on grammar, numeracy, and writing performance. Latent change score results also showed that long sleepers performed best in spelling and writing and short sleepers and typical sleepers performed the worst over time. ConclusionsIn this sample of Australian Indigenous children, short sleep was associated with poorer school performance compared with long sleep, with this performance worsening over time for some performance indicators. Other sleep schedules (eg, early wake times and variable sleep) also had some relationships with school performance. As sleep scheduling is modifiable, this offers opportunity for improvement in sleep and thus performance outcomes for these and potentially all children.

A Pilot Study of Stress System Activation in Children Enrolled in a Targeted Prevention Program: Implications for Personalization.

Empirically validated interventions addressing childhood psychological problems are now readily available, but success likely depends in part on accurately identifying which children will benefit from which intervention. This pilot study examined the stress activation and response system, first as a way to differentiate high versus low-risk children, and second to explore indicators of the stress system associated with favorable intervention response. Method. Participants (N = 43, 58% male) were school-aged children who qualified for inclusion in the Early Risers “Skills for Success” Prevention Program based on their elevated levels of aggressive and/or socially withdrawn behavior and a normally developing comparison group. Compared to the normally developing group, children who were participants in the intervention exhibited a more blunted cortisol response to the stress paradigm. However, for the children in the intervention group, elevated cortisol levels at the start of the stress paradigm were concurrently associated with internalizing problems and predictive of improvement in internalizing problems over time. These findings provide preliminary evidence that hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis biological variables may be helpful tools for identifying children who would benefit from intervention and personalizing interventions.

Sleep-related factors associated with industrial accidents among factory workers and sleep hygiene education intervention

This study was conducted to investigate the association between industrial accidents and sleep-related parameters in factory workers, and to examine the effectiveness of sleep education intervention for improvement of sleep status. 714 factory workers were included in the study. A baseline survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire in December 2013. The questionnaire included items for the evaluation of sleep status (containing PSQI and ESS), sleep-related lifestyle habits, and experience of industrial accidents. In January 2014, workers were selected for a sleep education program that included attendance at a lecture and a take-home leaflet containing information on how to improve their sleep habits. All of the workers then participated in a follow-up survey in March 2014 to investigate the effectiveness of the education program. We first analyzed the association between industrial accidents and sleep status at the time of the baseline survey. Then, using data from the follow-up survey, we examined the effectiveness of sleep education by analyzing the differences in the improvement of sleep disorders and sleep habits between the groups who did and did not receive sleep education. We detected a significant association between the occurrence of industrial accidents and PSQI scores from the baseline survey. With regard to the effectiveness of the sleep hygiene education intervention, the percentage of early risers increased significantly in the intervention group among the participants less than 40 years of age. Among the participants aged 40 years or older, the percentage of those who did not drink an alcoholic beverage before going to sleep increased significantly in the intervention group.

Proteomic analysis of cell cycle progression in asynchronous cultures, including mitotic subphases, using PRIMMUS.

The temporal regulation of protein abundance and post-translational modifications is a key feature of cell division. Recently, we analysed gene expression and protein abundance changes during interphase under minimally perturbed conditions (Ly et al., 2014, 2015). Here, we show that by using specific intracellular immunolabelling protocols, FACS separation of interphase and mitotic cells, including mitotic subphases, can be combined with proteomic analysis by mass spectrometry. Using this PRIMMUS (PRoteomic analysis of Intracellular iMMUnolabelled cell Subsets) approach, we now compare protein abundance and phosphorylation changes in interphase and mitotic fractions from asynchronously growing human cells. We identify a set of 115 phosphorylation sites increased during G2, termed 'early risers'. This set includes phosphorylation of S738 on TPX2, which we show is important for TPX2 function and mitotic progression. Further, we use PRIMMUS to provide the first a proteome-wide analysis of protein abundance remodeling between prophase, prometaphase and anaphase.