Early Menstruation Research Articles

Level of Awareness of Risk Factors for Breast Cancer Among Final -Year Medical Students. A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers and the primary cause of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. Awareness of breast cancer among adults can help to reduce the hazards and uncertainty associated with its delayed diagnosis. This study was planned to determine the awareness of risk factors of breast cancer among male and female students of Final year MBBS of HITEC-IMS, Taxila cantt. Methodology: All the final -year MBBS students (n=102) at HITEC IMS, Taxila Cantt were inducted in the study through non-probability convenience sampling. A total of 99 students completed the self-administered survey via online Google Forms. Data was analyzed using the chi-square test in SPSS version 28. Results: Out of a total of 99 students, the female response was more (56.56%) as compared to males (43.43%) with an average age of 22.9±1.607 years. Awareness regarding the role of the use of oral contraceptive pills, hormone therapy, exposure to radiation and family history in increasing the chances of developing breast cancer was generally high for both genders, with no significant differences. A notable gender difference was found in the awareness of early menstruation (P-value = 0.010). Students’ awareness regarding the risk factors like high consumption of red meals, low consumption of vegetables and fruits, low physical activity, and starting menstruating before age 12 was relatively low in both genders. Conclusion: This research emphasizes the importance of targeted educational interventions to enhance breast cancer risk factor knowledge among medical students.

Association between Covishield vaccine and menstrual disturbance. Findings from a cross-sectional study among participants of Zero TB cohort in India

BackgroundThe association between covid-19 vaccine and menstrual disturbance is unclear. MethodsAn in-person cross-sectional survey among female members ≥ 18 years enrolled in an ongoing Zero TB prospective cohort in Northern India who had received one or two doses of covid-19 vaccine was conducted to study the characteristics and association of menstrual disturbance within six months of receiving Covishield. ResultsBetween June 29 and September 5, 2021, 339 females ≥ 18 years of age were administered the survey. Median age was 30 (IQR: 22–39) years; 84 % were between 18 and 49 and 16 % were ≥ 50 years old. There were 152 college students, 27 healthcare workers, and 160 nuns. Forty-two women (12 %) had received one dose and 297 (88 %) had received two doses of Covishield. Overall, 66 (20 %) women reported experiencing menstrual disturbance after receiving Covishield vaccine. The problems included early menstruation: 6 % (n = 19/339); late menstruation: 4 % (n = 14/339); and heavier bleeding: 5 % (n = 17/339). Disturbances lasted for less than seven days and cycles normalized in 1–3 months. There was no post-menopausal bleeding. There was no significant difference in menstrual disturbance based on receiving one vs. two doses of Covishield (OR: 1.58; 95 % CI: 0.55–4.57; p = 0.381). History of SARS-CoV-2 infection was not associated with the development of menstrual disturbance among the vaccinees (OR: 0.63; 95 % CI: 0.24–1.73; p = 0.379). Presence of emotional disturbance at baseline (OR: 31; 95 % CI: 3.52–267; p = 0.002) or previous history of dysmenorrhea (OR: 41; 95 % CI: 8.7–196; p < 0.001) was associated with menstrual disturbance in the vaccinees, indicating their potential to confound or bias study results. ConclusionMenstrual problems were reported by Covishield vaccinees, but they were minor and reversible within three months and do not constitute a ground for vaccine hesitancy. Studies designed to assess causal link taking care to avoid selection bias or confounding are needed.

Examining the effect of COVID-19 vaccines on the menstrual cycle: A study from Turkey.

Concerns about a possible relationship between vaccination against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and menstrual disorders have been raised in the media. In addition, different studies have shown that the COVID-19 vaccine may be associated with menstrual changes. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of COVID-19 vaccines on the menstrual cycle in women. This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted between August 16 and September 17, 2021. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire via an online form sent to the participants through social media. Data of 586 women were included in this study. A total of 82.4% (n = 483) of the participants were aged between 31 and 50 years. The BioNTech vaccine (2 doses) was administered to 75.8% (n = 444), Sinovac (3 doses) to 9.0% (n = 53) of the participants. 53.1% (n = 311) of the women experienced changes in their menstrual cycles. The most common menstrual changes after vaccination were delayed menstruation (n = 176; 30.0%) and prolonged menstrual duration (n = 132; 22.5%). Menstrual delay, prolonged menstrual duration, heavy bleeding, and early menstruation were more common in women than prior to receiving the vaccine (P < .05). More than half of the women experienced menstrual cycle changes after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. Women experienced significantly higher rates of menstruation delay, prolonged menstrual duration, heavy bleeding, and early bleeding compared to before vaccination.

Pengaruh Obesitas Terhadap Kejadian Menarche Dini Pada Siswi SMPN 4 Watampone Kabupaten Wajo

The age of menstruation has shifted to a younger age if the first period begins before reaching 12 years old. Early menstruation in young girls can be caused by obesity, which is a result of excess fat intake. Consuming foods rich in fat can lead to increased fat storage in the body when not utilized as an energy source, subsequently elevating leptin hormone levels. This study aims to determine the impact of obesity on the occurrence of early menstruation among female students at SMP Negeri 4 Watampone, Kabupaten Bone.The utilized method is quantitative, employing a Cross-Sectional design. The population for this research consists of all female seventh-grade students at SMPN 4 Watampone, Kabupaten Bone, totaling 108 individuals. The sample size selected based on inclusion criteria was 47 respondents. The findings of this study indicate that out of 30 respondents with normal Body Mass Index (BMI), 27 respondents (90%) experienced menarche at the age of 12, and 3 respondents (17.6%) experienced menarche between the ages of 9 and 11. Additionally, among 17 respondents with excessive BMI, 3 respondents (10%) had menarche at the age of 12, while 14 respondents (82.4%) experienced menarche between the ages of 9 and 11.The analysis results reveal a significant correlation between obesity and the prevalence of early menstruation (ρ = 0.000, ρ &lt; 0.05). Therefore, it is recommended that the school authorities enhance students' knowledge regarding the importance of nutrition and maintaining a healthy adolescent lifestyle. This information should be sourced from various reliable channels, including both teachers and healthcare professionals in the field of reproductive health..

Unveiling the Hidden Burden: Exploring the Impact of Early Menstruation on the Mental Health of Adolescent Girls in India

International Journal of Medicine and Public Health,2023,13,1,42-43.DOI:10.5530/ijmedph.2023.1.7Published:June 2023Type:Letter to Editor Unveiling the Hidden Burden: Exploring the Impact of Early Menstruation on the Mental Health of Adolescent Girls in IndiaKK Mueen Ahmed KK Mueen Ahmed, Ph.D Phcog.Net, No.9, Vinnse Tower, Wheeler Road Extension, St. Thomas Town, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. Abstract:I am writing to bring attention to a critical issue that affects the lives of countless young girls in our society – the impact of early menstruation on the mental health of teenagers in India. Menstruation is a natural and normal part of a woman's life, but when it occurs prematurely, it can have far-reaching consequences on the emotional well-being and overall mental health of adolescents. It is high time we address this issue and work towards creating a supportive environment for these young girls. In India, early menstruation, also known as precocious puberty, is becoming increasingly prevalent. According to studies, approximately 10% of girls in our country experience their first period before the age of 12. This is a concerning trend, as early puberty can disrupt the natural progression of physical, emotional, and psychological development, leaving these young girls vulnerable to various mental health challenges. Read more... Keywords:NilView:PDF (90.48 KB)

Empowerment, Counseling And Accompaniment For Governance Menarche Toward Students In Ar Rahman Sinadang Kasih South Konawe, Southeast Sulawesi

Menarche as early menstruation and is the transition from childhood to adolescence (puberty). Manifestations of hormone work during menarche have a significant impact on physical and psychological changes where the development of the body and a sense of mood that has never been felt before such as lazy to study, also women begin to recognize the opposite sex, so this condition makes young women more susceptible to diseases and problems related to reproductive function. It is very important for young women to know personal health from the start before menarche, including body maintenance in the breast and genital area through counseling activities by professions in their fields. The existence of problems encourages the lecturer team to carry out the tridharma of higher education in the form of community service with the hope that when they are teenagers they will be aware, willing and able to behave in a healthy life in order to create a quality future generation of the nation. The implementation of the activity with three stages (Pre-test, counseling and post-test evaluation) took place on 27 May 2022 at the Private Islamic School (SMIS) Ar rahman Sindang Kasih, West Ranomeeto with a team of 2 lecturers. The target objects for female students in grades V and VI were 35 people and the results of the evaluation of the pre-test and post-test questionnaires showed significant changes in students' understanding after counseling, such as 98% not understanding menarche to understanding 95% and 97% being satisfied with the counseling provided. The realization of a quality future generation of women is closely related to the extent to which individuals understand and implement knowledge about personal health, including before menarche. Therefore, the support of various related parties greatly contributes to the progress of the nation.

Breast Cancer Risk Prevention Model (RICANDRA) to Determine the Risk Factors Associated with the Incidence of Breast Cancer in Women of Childbearing Age in Lampung Province

Breast cancer in Indonesia is at the top of the list that occurs in women. Most breast cancer conditions are known to be in an advanced stage. Detection at this advanced stage has a very poor prognosis because at this stage cancer cells have spread more widely and faster than when cells were detected in an early stage. There was an increase in the number of breast cancer sufferers, both hospitalized and outpatient in RSUDAM. Objectives of this study are to determine the risk factors associated with the incidence of breast cancer in women of childbearing age in Lampung Province and to develop a breast cancer risk prevention model (RICANDRA). This type of research is quantitative with a cross-sectional design. This research was conducted from March to December 2019 in Lampung Province. The target of this study was all women of childbearing age, a sample of 458 women of childbearing age with purposive sampling. The objects taken are advanced age, the first child born at the age of more than 30 years, close family ties/hereditary, history of breast tumor, previous diagnosis, early menstruation, late menopause, use of hormones for menopausal symptoms, exposure to radiation, history of cancer, use of contraceptives hormones, obesity and stress. Collecting data using checklist sheets and questionnaires. Data analysis was univariate, bivariate (chi-square) and multivariate. Research Results: A total of 150 (32.8%) respondents were in the high-risk category and as many as 308 (67.2%) respondents were in the alert category. The results showed that the risk factors that influence breast cancer based on bivariate analysis were advanced age (OR = 5.869; 95% CI: 3.831-8.991; p = 0.000), the first child was born at the age of &gt; 30 years (OR = 2.756; 95% CI : 1.841-4.125; p = 0.000), close family ties/hereditary (OR = 3.932; 95% CI : 2.607-5.932; p = 0.000), history of breast tumors (OR = 1.629; 95% CI : 1.100-2.413; p = 0.019), Prior diagnosis (OR = 1.672; 95% CI: 1.086-2.576; p = 0.025), Early menstruation (OR = 4.174; 95% CI: 2.761-6.309; p = 0.000), Menopause (OR = 4.696; 95% CI : 3.091-7.133; p = 0.000), Hormone use in menopausal symptoms (OR = 2.478; 95% CI: 1.661-3.698; p = 0.000), Exposure to radiation (OR = 7.213; 95% CI: 4.661-11.162 ; p = 0.000), had a history of cancer (OR = 2.226; 95% CI: 1.495-3.315; p = 0.000), used hormonal contraception (OR = 2.264; 95% CI: 1.384-3.705; p = 0.001), obesity ( OR = 1.825; 95% CI: 1.223-2.725; p = 0.000), stress (OR = 3.126; 95% CI: 2,086-4,685; p = 0.00), smoking (OR = 1.611; 95% CI: 1.040-2.495; p = 0.042), breastfeeding (OR = 2.385; 95% CI: 1.601-3.552; p = 0.000), and alcohol consumption (OR = 1.711; 95% CI: 1.053-2.778; p = 0.040). The most dominant variable affecting the risk factors for breast cancer is the variable exposed to radiation. The magnitude of the risk of breast cancer based on the probability of the logistic function is obtained by the magnitude of the risk of 98.5% wus experiencing breast cancer and if the risk can be avoided then only 1.5% will experience breast cancer. The Ministry of Health can facilitate regulation on efforts to accelerate efforts to reduce the incidence of breast cancer through making referral designs by strengthening human resources, infrastructure, procedures, or operational methods that can be easily applied to all health workers at the primary level. For women of childbearing age, they must increase their knowledge by participating in activities that can increase knowledge such as mother class activities, reading or viewing pictures in books, so that WUS knows the risks that may occur in women of childbearing age.

Association of Estrogen-Related Polygenetic Risk Scores with Breast Cancer and Interactions with Alcohol Intake, Early Menarche, and Nulligravida.

Backgrounds:Early menstruation, late menopause, no pregnancy, and genetic factors are known risk factors of the disease, but their effects may differ in Asian and Caucasian women. The purpose of this study was to identify genetic variants of genes related to estrogen signaling in a large city hospital-based cohort and to determine their interactions with lifestyles. Methods:This is a case-control study. Three hundred ninety participants diagnosed with breast cancer were compared with 36,290 controls(no cancer)to explore the genetic variants to influence breast cancer risk. Based on GWAS results, the selected genetic variants were subjected to their interactions by generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) analysis. Results:Early menstruation(OR=1.55), early menopause (OR=1.70), and no experience of pregnancy(OR=2.86) had a positive association with breast cancer risk(P<0.05). The selected polygenetic risk score(PRS) models included four SNPs and seven SNPs: The four-SNP PRS model included CDH13_rs12600325, SMYD3_rs3753686, FGF12_rs2134635, and ESRRB_rs10873289, and in the seven-SNP PRS model, ESR1_ rs2046210, estrogen-related receptor gamma(ESRRG)_rs17043393, and EGFR_ rs6958497 were added into the four-SNP PRS model. Early menstruation, early menopause, and no pregnancy experience interacted with four-SNP PRS. For the participants who had early menstruation and early menopause, high-PRS had an association with a much higher breast cancer risk than the low-PRS in the four-SNP model. However, metabolic parameters, nutrient intakes, and different dietary patterns did not interact with PRS for breast cancer risk. However, alcohol intake interacted with PRS for breast cancer risk (OR=2.33 and 8.07 for mild and moderate alcohol consumption, respectively; P=0.0004). Conclusion:Consideration of age at menarche and menopause, pregnancy experience, and alcohol intake may be required to reduce breast cancer risk in women with a high-PRS of genes related to the estrogen signaling pathway.

The Factors Altering the Age of Onset of Menstruation among Adolescent Girls in Wardha Region

Introduction: Several studies have found that the most common age of menstruation onset has come down dramatically over the previous century, and that there has been a profane (with respect to time) tendency toward early menstruation onset in most metropolitan countries.&#x0D; Emerging economies, such as India, have also suffered a drop in recent years.&#x0D; The purpose of our study was to determine how diet and socioeconomic status influenced menarche age in this location.&#x0D; Methods: Following a simple random sampling among the schools, 100 girls between the ages of 10 and 15 were volunteered for this study.&#x0D; The girls were given a pre-designed questionnaire after receiving clearance and agreement from the school principal/class teacher.&#x0D; The female doctor gave the girls a brief examination.&#x0D; The age of the mother during menarche, as well as the family's socioeconomic situation and other characteristics, were all enquired about in depth.&#x0D; Results: Our study shows that the age of onset of menstruation in higher socioeconomic classes is lower as compared to Lower Socioeconomic class. No significant relation between BMI &amp; type of food and usual age of onset of menstruation was seen in this study.&#x0D; Conclusions: As we progress from a lower to a better socioeconomic level, we see a trend of lowering the age of first menstrual flow. Because such data is scarce in this portion of India, more research must be conducted among girls from other parts of the state before the data can be compared to national figures.

A History of Neonatal Uterine Bleeding and Its Significance

Bleeding in newborns and young girls fascinated writers for more than a millennium. Initially, there was confusion between neonatal bleeding, early menstruation due to precocious puberty, and hemorrhage due to disease. During the 19th century descriptions appeared of what is referred to today as ‘neonatal menstruation’ or ‘neonatal uterine bleeding’. By the turn of the century, Halban linked bleeding to active substances present during pregnancy and hypothesized that, while the maternal uterus reacts with decidua formation, the “weaker” fetal uterus reacts only with menstrual-like changes. Despite this clear description, several alternative theories endured for decades. Bleeding was believed to be due to a ‘catarrhal’ or neoplastic state of the genital tract, pulmonary circulatory disorder, congenital heart malformations, closure of the umbilical cord or affections of the intestine. During the 1950s, progesterone response and resistance were proposed to explain the pathogenesis of bleeding and its low incidence. The fetal endometrium is resistant to the high circulating progesterone. A decidual response is infrequent and results in menstrual shedding upon progesterone withdrawal after birth. Further research linked fetal stress consequent to pregnancy complications and post-maturity to increased incidence and preterm birth to reduced incidence of neonatal uterine bleeding.

How the Intensity of Night Shift Work Affects Breast Cancer Risk.

Background—In 2019, the IARC concluded that “night shift work is probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A), based on limited evidence from human epidemiological studies and sufficient evidence of cancer and strong mechanistic evidence in experimental Animals.” The negative health consequences of night shift work may depend on how the night shifts are scheduled. The aim of this study was to investigate how the characteristics of night work affect the risk of developing breast cancer. Methods—A case–control study was conducted in 2015–2019 in the Lodz region. The case group included 494 women with breast cancer, while the control group included 515 healthy women. Results—Night work was found to be the third most important factor regarding breast cancer after a high BMI and a short or no breastfeeding period and before factors such as early menstruation, late menopause, no pregnancy, and smoking. The harmful effects of night work were influenced by its intensity, frequency, rotation, and the number of night shift years worked. Night work increases the breast cancer risk by 2.34 times, and high-intensity night work increases the breast cancer risk by 2.66 times. Conclusions—Appropriate ergonomic recommendations for night shift work for employers should be considered.

67. Hemorrhagic cyst in a chronological and bone age 10 year old female with pre-menarchal vaginal bleeding

<h3>Background</h3> A Hemorrhagic ovarian cyst forms due to bleeding into a corpus luteal cyst. Development of a hemorrhagic cyst assumes the prior occurrence of ovulation and a pathologic signaling error in the hypothalamic pituitary axis that prevent normal involution of the corpus luteum. While functional simple follicular cysts have been reported, hemorrhagic cysts have not been reported to date in girls far from menarche. Imaging of an ovary with complex features in a pre-menarchal girl raises the concern for ovarian neoplasm. This impacts decision making about whether expectant management is appropriate. The objective here is to present a unique case of a hemorrhagic cyst in a pre-menarchal girl as a cause of vaginal bleeding. <h3>Case</h3> TA is a 10-year old Tanner III pre-menarchal female with a bone age of 10, who presented with vaginal bleeding and an episode of intense pelvic pain with syncope. History, physical exam, and laboratory testing ruled out trauma, endocrine disorders and dermatology pathology. All blood tumor markers were negative, and her estradiol level was 19 pg/ml. Bone age of 10 ruled out early menstruation. The first ultrasound (US) showed a 5.4 × 4.6 × 3.3 cm right ovary containing a 4.7 cm cyst that appeared hemorrhagic. The second US, two weeks later, measured the cyst at 5.0 cm and stated there was a bit less debris. Both ultrasounds saw no evidence of torsion. An MRI done 7 weeks later showed a uterus that looked early pubescent and an unremarkable left ovary measuring 1.5 × 0.7 cm. The right ovary measured 4.1 × 3.1 × 4.2 cm and contained a 3.7 × 3.0 well circumcised cystic structure that demonstrated homogeneous internal T1 shortening with layering of T2 consistent with blood products similar to that seen in an endometrioma. It was lined with several sub centimeter daughter cysts with thin peripheral enhancement. After the MRI, surgical evaluation with vaginoscopy was offered to the parents, but was declined by them. Serial follow up ultrasounds showed a measurable decline in cyst size by 10 weeks and it was about 50% smaller by 20 weeks. Final US done 7 months after the initial US showed a normal right ovary measuring 1.6 × 1.5 × 0.7 cm. She never experienced any further vaginal bleeding. <h3>Comments</h3> Pre-menarchal females with complex ovarian cysts and vaginal bleeding have been diagnosed with torsion, germ cell tumors, and granulosa-theca cell tumors. In such cases, hemorrhagic cysts should now be on the differential. This case report also highlights that it can take months for regression of a hemorrhagic ovarian cyst in a pre-menarchal female during which time close monitoring for torsion and potential malignancy is paramount.

A case of early menstruation

By the end of the 1st year of life, girl I., the daughter of relatively healthy parents, who was born on time and had no illnesses during this period, developed a fever in February 1891, on the second day a rash appeared all over her body, mistaken for hives; on the 3rd day the fever decreased, but the child was very restless and clutched at the lower abdomen with his hands.

Breast Cancer Screening:Are ‘At Risk Population’ Known by Public Health Nurse Practitioners?

Introduction: Health care providers, especially Public Health Nurse who come in regular contact with women, can play an important role in providing the information regarding breast cancer. Hence this study is undertaken to assess the knowledge of risk factors associated with breast cancer and screening for breast cancer among Public Health nurse practitioners. Method: This is a cross-sectional study designed to assess the Knowledge of risk factors associated with breast cancer and screening for breast cancer among Public Health nurse practitioners working in the Health centres of Dept of Community Medicine of Hassan Institute of Medical Sciences. All (30) Public Health nurse practitioners in the Seven Primary care facilities participated in the study. Results: Fourteen percent of Public Health Nurse knew that most common cancer among women was breast cancer. However, 43% were aware that the obesity increased the risk of developing breast cancer. Whereas 60% were aware that nulliparity was a risk factor for developing breast cancer and 43% said having 2 or more children decreased the risk of developing breast cancer. However, 33% knew breast feeding was protective against breast cancer. Moreover, early menstruation and late menarche were known to be risk factors by 20% each, and 33% knew physical activity could be a preventive factor for Breast cancer. 96% were aware that a lump in the breast was a sign of breast cancer and 56% said discharge from the nipple was also a sign of cancer in the breast. All 100% knew that Breast Self-Examination was a screening method and only 20% were aware that clinical examination was also a method for identification of breast cancer. Conclusion: District Health Authorities should periodically train public health nurses to improve their knowledge regarding risk factors, early signs and symptoms of breast cancer and method of cancer screening. This intern would help them to educate, suspect, and detect the breast cancer among the risk population at the earliest.

Night Shift Work-A Risk Factor for Breast Cancer.

Shift work is considered a risk factor for some health problems. This study aimed to determine whether night shift work is a significant factor for breast cancer risk. The case–control study was conducted from 2015–2019 in the Łódź region. The case group included 494 women diagnosed with malignant breast cancer; the control group included 515 healthy women. The research tool was an anonymous questionnaire. In the case group, the percentage of women working shift work was 51.9%, whereas in the control group, it was 34.1% (OR = 2.08 (95% CI: 1.61; 2.69)). A more insightful examination of shift work showed that only night work has a significant impact on breast cancer (OR = 2.61 (95% CI: 1.94; 3.53)). Even after considering the effect of other possible cancer factors (like high BMI, smoking, early menstruation, late menopause, pregnancy history, age, place of living, education), the odds of developing cancer were twice as high in the group of shift workers (OR = 2.20 (95% CI: 1.57; 3.08)). Considering a significantly higher risk of cancer among people working at night and a high percentage of such employees in Poland, the government should consider special action in the prophylactic treatment of cancers.

ANXIETY LEVELS DURING MENARCHE AMONG FEMALE STUDENTS AT STATE JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL 1 OF AYAH

Menarche is the early menstruation that usually occurs at the age of 10-14 years. It is the culmination of a series of changes in adolescents who are stepping on adulthood. These changes bring about various questions, feelings of confusion, fear and anxiety. This reaserah to know the anxiety during menarche (first menstruation) of female students of State Junior High School 1 of Ayah. This study uses descriptive method with cross sectional approach. The populations are all female students of State Junior High School 1 of Ayah who have experienced menarche. Samples were taken by using simple random sampling technique on 170 respondents. Instrument used in this study was DASS (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale). Data was analyzed by using univariate analysis. Based on the research conducted, there were 67 respondents (39.4%) experienced light anxiety during menarche. It is advisable for adolescents who are going into adulthood to get lot of knowledge about menarche.

Faktor Risiko yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Penyakit Mioma Uteri

Uterine myoma is a benign tumor of the uterine muscle, accompanied by connective tissue so that it can be in solid form, because the connective tissue is dominant and soft. The incidence of uterine myoma in Indonesia at 2013 showed found 2,39 % - 11,70% in all gynecological cases suffererswhich generally occur in women age &gt; 35 years. This study aims to determine the risk factors associated with the incidence of uterine myoma in patients at RSUD Prof. Dr. W.Z. JOHANNES kupang in 2019. This type of research is observational analytic with a case control design. The number of samples were 41 respondents who suffered from uterine myoma and 41 respondents who did not suffer from uterine myoma, who were randomly selected and total sampling with a level of confidence α = 0.05. Each variable examined was tested using the chi-square test to find out the relationship of risk factors for the occurrence of uterine myoma. The results showed parity variables, (p = 0.014, OR = 4.132, and 95% CI = 1.423-11.996), age of menarche (p = 0.001, OR = 5,624, and 95% CI = 2,030-15,583) and family history (p = 0.008, OR = 4,565, and 95% CI = 1,577-13,219) had a relationship with the incidence of uterine myoma, while the old variables were the use of hormonal contraception (p = 0.816, OR = 0.805, and 95% CI = 0.322-2.009) and obesity (p = 0.312, OR = 1,915, and 95% CI = 0.694-5,282) had no association with the incidence of uterine myoma. Advice for nulliparous women to carry out routine cheks on medical personnel for preventive measures and early diagnosis as well as women who experience early menstruation to check their reproductive organs if there are menstrual complaints or menstruation in order to establish an early diagnosis of myoma uteri.

“I Thought I Was Dying:” (Un)Supportive Communication Surrounding Early Menstruation Experiences

ABSTRACTMenstruation is a salient, and sometimes scary, communication topic for young women. The present study reports on the early communication experiences about menstruation from 165 women using open-ended survey data. Through the framework of supportive communication, findings reveal that a discrepancy occurs between the health and practical information and needs to which young people who menstruate desire access, and their social and emotional needs. The present study indicates an inadequacy of both aspects of menstruation communication from important others in childhood and adolescence. Themes of boundary management, impersonal, silence, and accidents also characterize early communication experiences about menstruation. Our participants identified a desire for conversations that normalize menstruation as typical and acceptable, validate period pain and prescribe management tactics, and describe the existence of feminine hygiene products other than pads and tampons. Limitations and directions for future research are discussed.

ANXIETY LEVELS DURING MENARCHE AMONG FEMALE STUDENTS AT STATE JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL 1 OF AYAH

Menarche is the early menstruation that usually occurs at the age of 10-14 years. It is the culmination of a series of changes in adolescents who are stepping on adulthood. These changes bring about various questions, feelings of confusion, fear and anxiety. The purpose to know the anxiety during menarche (first menstruation) of female students of State Junior High School 1 of Ayah. This study uses descriptive method with cross sectional approach. The populations are all female students of State Junior High School 1 of Ayah who have experienced menarche. Samples were taken by using simple random sampling technique on 170 respondents. Instrument used in this study was DASS (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale). Data was analyzed by using univariate analysis. Based on the research conducted, there were 67 respondents (39.4%) experienced light anxiety during menarche. It is advisable for adolescents who are going into adulthood to get lot of knowledge about menarche.Key word : anxiety, menarche, teenager

Hubungan Asupan Zat Gizi Dan Status Gizi Terhadap Kejadian Menstruasi Dini Pada Siswi SMPN 1 Kabaena Timur

Early menstruation in adolescents can be influenced by nutritional status and nutrients consumed by teenagers. This studyaims to determine the relationship of nutrient intake and nutritional status on the incidence of early menstruation at SMPN 1East Kabaena. This research is descriptive analytic with Cross Sectional Study. The population in this study were allstudents of SMPN 1 East Kabaena as many as 94 people. Sampling technique was purposive sampling. Data were obtainedusing a questionnaire and anthropometric measurements. Data were analyzed by using Chi-square test. Results show thatfrom 42 adolescents who consumed enough energy, there were 25 people (59.5%) experienced early menstruation, andfrom 38 adolescents who consumed less protein, there were 29 people (76.3%) experienced early menstruation. While the33 adolescents who consumed less fat, there were 25 people (75.8%) experienced early menstruation, and of 37 teenagerswho consumed more carbohydrates, there were 24 people (64.9%) had normal menstruation, while from 37 teenagers whohad over-nutrition status, there were 24 people (60.0%) had normal menstruation. The results show that there is arelationship between nutritional intake and nutritional status with the incidence of early menstruation in female students atSMPN 1 East Kabaena.