Early Flag Research Articles

THE CURRENT STATUS AND NEED OF PHARMACOVIGILANCE CENTERS IN THE HOSPITALS TO MINIMIZE THE DRUG PROBLEMS

The science and exercises identifying with the identification, appraisal, comprehension and counteractive action of antagonistic impacts or some other medication related issue”. It is a vital and indistinguishable piece of clinical research. Both clinical preliminaries safety and post-showcasing pharmacovigilance are essential all through the item life cycle. With a sensibly high number of late prominent medication withdrawals, both the pharmaceutical business and in addition different administrative offices over the globe have expanded the bar. Early flag identification from the post- advertising observation thinks about and clinical preliminaries in early stages have now been adjusted by significant pharmaceutical organizations so as to recognize the dangers related with their therapeutic item/s as right on time as could be expected under the circumstances. The indications of ADRs rely upon the age, sex, hereditary, poly pharmacy, portion exactness and ecological and other interior variables like illness conditions. ADRs ordinarily answered in because of known or obscure pharmacological highlights, poor item quality, prescription mistakes in recommending, getting ready, overseeing, or taking the medicine which requires hospitalization. ADRs in hospitalized patients can be partitioned into two classes: those that are the reason for clinic confirmation and those that happen amid hospitalization. A strengthening and commitment of network pharmacists to patient record check and electronic announcing may likewise lessen ADR related occasions. Without successful distinguishing proof and satisfaction of preparing needs of pharmacists and other medicinal services experts, the effectiveness of national pharmacovigilance frameworks is probably not going to enhance, which may bargain patient safety.

Characterization of industry relationships in oncology.

11025 Background: Collaborative relationships between academic oncology and the pharmaceutical industry are essential for therapeutic development in oncology. Despite this, formal training and mentorship in developing productive industry collaborations are not routinely included in oncology training. Since little research has been done to characterize and optimize the efficiency of these relationships, we sought to better understand the nature of such collaborations in order to identify areas for optimization. Methods: An electronic survey was administered to 1000 randomly selected ASCO members. The survey included 23 questions eliciting demographic and practice information, and 26 questions eliciting respondents’ views around oncology-industry collaborations. Survey results were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: There were 225 survey respondents. Most were from the United States (70%), worked at an academic institution (60.1%), worked in medical oncology (81.2%), and had an active relationship with industry (85.8%). 26.7 % of respondents reported difficulty establishing a relationship with industry collaborators. Many relied on federal (39.5%) or departmental (30.2%) funding to supplement their research ventures. Partnerships were initiated by the respondents themselves (34.6%) or industry partners (31.9%) with similar frequency, whereas institutional affiliations (15.7%) and collaborative groups (5.8%) were reported as less common means for establishing collaborations. The majority (85.3%) of respondents stated these collaborations were of importance to their career. Inclusion in industry sponsored trials (71.1%) and commitment to research funding (66.3%) were considered early signs of a productive relationship, whereas lack of effective communication (86.1%) or little engagement by senior industry leadership (63.1%) were early red flags. Most respondents (75%) did not report having had mentorship in developing these relationships. Scientific integrity was generally thought to be preserved (92%) and there was little concern over the quality of the collaborative product (95%). Many shared concern over potential conflict of interest if a compensated relationship promoted an industry product for clinical care/research (60%), yet also stated these relationships did not shape their interactions with patients (67%). Conclusions: This study provides novel data characterizing the nature of collaborative industry-academia relationships in oncology. While respondents considered these collaborations an important part of clinical and academic oncology, formal education or mentorship around these relationships is rare. Further study exploring the structure of effective industry collaborations, optimizing methods to provide education in this area at all career stages, navigating conflict of interest issues in these relationships, and understanding industry perspectives is warranted.

MicroRNA 30a Mediated Autophagy and Imatinib Response in Egyptian Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients.

Imatinib Mesylate is the drug used for targeted tyrosine kinase inhibition in the beginning of management of all Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) newly diagnosed cases. However, resistance presents a considerable limit to its efficacy. Currently, it is impossible to anticipate IM resistance which makes the recognition of early flags an important treatment goal in CML. In this work we studied the connection between microRNA 30a (miR-30a) and Beclin 1 mediated autophagy and IM resistance in Egyptian CML patients. The study included newly diagnosed (group I, n = 20), imatinib responder (group II, n = 30), imatinib resistant (group III, n = 30) CML patients and a healthy demographically matched control group (group IV, n = 20). miR-30a expression was assayed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The variation in expression of miR-30a between CML cases and healthy controls was calculated using relative quantification method (2-ΔΔCT). Beclin 1 was assayed in Peripheral blood mononuclear cells by western blotting. miR-30a was over expressed and Beclin 1 was under expressed in imatinib responders compared to resistant cases median 1.21(0.55-3.02) versus median 0.65 (0.03-1.0) (p = 0.001) and median 950.0 (400.0-2410.0) versus, median 1570.0 (920.0-5430.0) (p < 0.001) respectively. Beclin 1 correlated significantly positively with miR-30a in new cases (p = 0.001) and negatively in imatinib responders (p = 0.021). Receiver Operating Curves demonstrated the performances of miR-30a and Beclin 1 to detect imatinib resistance. They showed sensitivities of 97.14% and 94.29% and specificities of 53.33% and 42.22% at the cut-off values of 1 and 940 respectively. Both miR-30a and Beclin 1 levels showed a relation with imatinib response and can therefore be put forward as valuable markers for detection of resistance and may also have promising future therapeutic implications.

Radiotracer and radiation application for rapid measurement of contribution of stem assimilates towards grain filling and for alleviating terminal heat stress in wheat

Contribution of stem photoassimilates towards grain filling may have significance under stress, since it may force the plant to initiate an early leaf senescence, thereby limiting the availability of flag leaf photosynthates for grain filling. Radiotracer feeding of 14C-sucrose to the internode by stem injection method at 20 days stage after anthesis and measurement of 14C activity in grains at 5 days after foliar application of potassium iodide, meant to inhibit current photosynthesis by inducing leaf senescence, showed a gradual decline in flag leaf chlorophyll but an increase in accumulation of 14C particularly in the basal spikelet grains. However, a reduction in grain filling at all the sink positions within the wheat ear was measured with hastened leaf senescence. On the other hand, abiotic stresses such as high temperature stress, is known to cause an abortion of the basal florets in wheat and induce an early flag leaf senescence. We have earlier shown that seed gamma irradiation, at 0.1 kGy causes an increase in grain mass at middle and basal spikelet positions. In this paper we report that the reduction in grain yield in response to terminal heat stress can be compensated by gamma irradiation, owing to better stem reserve mobilization into the basal and middle spikelet under condition of stress induced senescence.

An Early Blue Star Service Flag at the Erie Maritime Museum

ABSTRACT Blue Star Service Flags note the military service of a family member. They began during World War I. One early such flag hung in the Erie home of USS Wolverine sailor William H. Stine. Stine, the flag, and their history is discussed as a way for the Homefront to quietly, proudly, and publicly, note the service of a loved one.

The largest Au deposits in the St Ives Goldfield (Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia) may be located in a major Neoarchean volcano-sedimentary depo-centre

The largest Neoarchean gold deposits in the world-class St Ives Goldfield, Western Australia, occur in an area known as the Argo–Junction region (e.g. Junction, Argo and Athena). Why this region is so well endowed with large deposits compared with other parts of the St Ives Goldfield is currently unclear, because gold deposits at St Ives are hosted by a variety of lithologic units and were formed during at least three different deformational events. This paper presents an investigation into the stratigraphic architecture and evolution of the Argo–Junction region to assess its implications for gold metallogenesis. The results show that the region’s stratigraphy may be subdivided into five regionally correlatable packages: mafic lavas of the Paringa Basalt; contemporaneously resedimented feldspar-rich pyroclastic debris of the Early Black Flag Group; coarse polymictic volcanic debris of the Late Black Flag Group; thick piles of mafic lavas and sub-volcanic sills of the Athena Basalt and Condenser Dolerite; and the voluminous quartz-rich sedimentary successions of the Early Merougil Group. In the Argo–Junction region, these units have an interpreted maximum thickness of at least 7,130 m, and thus represent an unusually thick accumulation of the Neoarchean volcano-sedimentary successions. It is postulated that major basin-forming structures that were active during deposition and emplacement of the voluminous successions later acted as important conduits during mineralisation. Therefore, a correlation exists between the location of the largest gold deposits in the St Ives Goldfield and the thickest parts of the stratigraphy. Recognition of this association has important implications for camp-scale exploration.

Survival of Secondary Sporidia of Floret-Infecting Tilletia Species: Implications for Epidemiology

Secondary sporidia of Tilletia horrida, T. indica, and T. walkeri initiate local infection of rice, wheat, and ryegrass florets, respectively, leading to disease in seed. Secondary sporidia are considered to be fragile and short lived. To examine this, secondary sporidia from agar cultures of these species were naturally discharged onto petri dish lids and were air-dried and maintained in the laboratory at 10 to 20% relative humidity (RH) at 20 to 22 degrees C, and at 40 to 50% RH at 18 degrees C. Lids were periodically inverted over fresh agar to determine viability of dried sporidia. Sporidia held 31 to 49 days at 10 to 20% RH and 56 to 88 days at 40 to 50% RH regenerated rapidly. Commonly, 18 h after lids with dried sporidia were inverted over agar, newly produced secondary sporidia had discharged onto the agar and produced extensive hyphal growth. There was no difference in the viability of sporidia that were initially dried rapidly or dried slowly over 10 h. Sporidia of T. horrida or T. indica dried on petri dish lids placed in the lower canopy of barley or wheat fields in Idaho and Arizona during early flag leaf to soft dough stages and held until crops were near or beyond maturity regenerated rapidly despite temperatures up to 46 degrees C and several days of RH < 20%. These results suggest that sporidia produced well prior to susceptible growth stages of the host can lay dormant in very dry field environments and then rapidly regenerate under humid rainy conditions associated with the diseases.

Audiometric “Early Flags” for Occupational Hearing Loss

OSHA criteria for recording occupational noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) do not ensure early detection, yet scientific consensus is lacking regarding optimal "early flags" for NIHL. This study compares early flag metrics to the subsequent development of recordable hearing loss. In a longitudinal analysis of industrial audiograms, we calculated time from flag event to recordable hearing loss as well as 10 year risk of recordable hearing loss following flag occurrence. The 10 dB non-age-corrected STS and the 8 dB age-corrected shift at 2, 3, and 4 kHz optimally combined positive predictive value and length of time to recordable hearing loss. Professionals supervising audiometric surveillance must balance predictive value of early flags with timeliness of detection. This study provides a framework for validation and selection of audiometric early flags in hearing conservation settings.

Reservoir compartment prediction of the Simpson field from the geostatistical inversion of AVO seismic data

The Simpson field in the Barrow Sub-basin (Carnarvon Basin) is nearing depletion. Most of the producing wells are showing relatively high water cuts. Based on volumetric mapping and the drilling results from nearby analogous fields, some unproduced reserves are potentially remaining in the field within compartments separated by low permeability shale barriers. The challenge is to establish a methodology for identifying these compartments and to quantify unproduced oil. The reservoir of the Simpson field is the Early Cretaceous Flag Sandstone. The reservoir zone has three distinct lithotypes: oil-saturated sandstone, water-saturated sandstone and shale. The shales encountered in the wells have a typical thickness of less than 3 m, significantly below seismic resolution. However, these lithotypes show good statistical separation of elastic properties (e.g. P-impedance and Vp/Vs), so a properly-constrained geostatisitcal inversion can be used to predict the relatively thin shale barriers. The geostatisitcal inversion is based on Bayesian Inference and uses a Markov Chain Monte Carlo method to randomly sample the probabilistic distribution arising from all input beliefs. The end result is multiple elastic property and lithotype realizations. The analysis of the realizations output from the geostatistical inversion led to improved reservoir volumetric calculations and the identification of highly probable shale barriers.

Yield reduction in barley in relation to spot-type net blotch

To study the loss of grain yield associated with specific levels of spot-type net blotch of barley, experiments were conducted at three sites with between four and six different levels of application of the fungicide propiconazole or mixtures of propiconazole and iprodione applied to obtain a wide range of disease levels. Yield loss varied from 23 to 44%. There was a negative linear relationship between yield and the average disease severity on the top three leaves (flag, flag-1 and flag-2). The observed relationship was much stronger at the milk stage compared with early flag leaf emergence stage. On average, every 10% increase in disease severity on the top three leaves accounted for 0.4 t/ha yield loss. The yield response to disease was independent of locations and years. The disease affected grain quality, with grain protein and screenings consistently higher and grain size consistently lower than samples from undiseased barley.

Early Poststressor Sleep Disturbances May Flag Later Posttraumatic Stress

Early Poststressor Sleep Disturbances May Flag Later Posttraumatic Stress

Reservoir characterisation of the Flag Sandstone, Barrow Sub-basin, using an integrated, multi-parameter seismic AVO inversion technique

The Early Cretaceous Flag Sandstone within the Barrow Sub-basin is a proven hydrocarbon reservoir. The main trapping mechanism is four-way dip closed anticlines, formed by drape compaction. An integrated, multi-parameter seismic AVO inversion technique was utilized that improved the mapping of the Flag Sandstone and identified the presence of trapped hydrocarbons. The identification of the Flag Sandstone on seismic sections is complicated due to a low acoustic impedance contrast between the Flag Sandstone and the overlying shales. The same interface gives a good AVO response. Previous interpretation efforts have used the seismic AVO response to map the top of the Flag Sandstone on far-angle stacks. These efforts were very successful for mapping structure but were influenced by wavelet tuning effects and were limited for high-grading the structures based on hydrocarbon potential. To aid in characterizing the fluid distribution in the reservoir rocks a simultaneous AVO inversion algorithm was used based on three partial angle stacks and conditioned well logs, inverting for acoustic and shear impedance. The results of this multi-parameter impedance inversion produced a variety of attributes. The Vp/Vs attribute was aimed at improving the TWT structural pick whereas P-impedance became the basis for discriminating water and oil saturated sands.

Reservoir characterization of the Flag Sandstone, Barrow Sub-basin, using an integrated, multiparameter seismic AVO inversion technique

Editor's note: This material was presented at the 17th ASEG Geophysical Conference and Exhibition. A series of oil and gas fields have been discovered since 1979 in the Early Cretaceous Flag Sandstone in the Barrow Sub-basin of Western Australia's Carnarvon Basin. The Flag Sandstone is a lowstand complex of gravity flow sandstones deposited beyond the shelf edge of the Barrow delta. Figure 1 shows a stratigraphic chart. The permeable Flag Sandstone forms a consistent, high-quality reservoir that is capped by the impermeable Muderong shale. In the area immediately adjacent to and south of Varanus Island, the main trapping mechanism is four-way dip-closed anticlines, formed by drape compaction. Structural closure alone does not appear sufficient for oil emplacement as a limited number of prominent closed structures have been drilled and found water-wet. The known oil fields are nearing depletion and the goal is to properly locate additional wells to ensure complete development of the area. Figure 1. Stratigraphic chart for Carnarvon Basin showing the Early Cretaceous Flag Sandstone and overlying Muderong Shale (Barrow Sub-basin). The identification of the closed anticlinal structures on seismic data is complicated due to a poor P-impedance contrast between the Flag Sandstone and the overlying Muderong Shale. However, a strong V p / V s contrast exists between the sandstone and shale, resulting in reasonably consistent AVO class II effects. A far-angle stack with an angle range of 30–45° has been used successfully to map the structure on the top of the Flag Sandstone. The difficulty with this mapping technique is that it is subject to tuning effects and assumes a consistent AVO response. However, some wells in the area demonstrate an AVO response that does not match a simple model. Thus, a more robust technique was required that could model the true AVO response, provide an accurate pick …

Efficacy of Beauveria bassiana (Hyphomycetes) for control of Russian wheat aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) on resistant wheat under field conditions

The Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov) (Homoptera: Aphididae) is considered the most important pest of wheat produced under dryland field conditions in South Africa. As part of an integrated pest management strategy, the entomopathogenic hyphomycete Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin was evaluated in combination with antibiotic host plant resistance under dryland field conditions during 1998 and 1999. A commercial formulation, Mycotrol® ES, was applied at a rate of 2.4 L (5×1013 conidia) per hectare +0.1% organosilicone surfactant. During both years, two applications were administered, i.e., on growth stages 31 (first node detectable) and 39 (early flag leaf). An additional treatment, application at growth stage 39 only, was included during 1999. Over the duration of the 1998 trial, ca. 65% fewer aphids were observed on treated plots compared with controls. A similar level of population reduction was observed during the 1999 trial; however, treatment effects were only briefly evident due to a rapid field-wide decline in aphid populations caused by adverse (cool, wet) weather conditions. The early application (GS 31) resulted in some level of control only during 1998. It was hypothesized that this phenomenon was the result of greater exposure to the spray applications and/or greater secondary pick-up of fungal inoculum by the aphids due to the higher level of aphid activity observed on the cultivar employed during that year. In this regard, migration of D. noxia onto the flag leaves should be further investigated as a behavioural trait for possible exploitation when considering the use of a mycoinsecticide.

Ascospores are a source of inoculum of Phaeosphaeria nodorum, P. avenaria f. sp. avenaria and Mycosphaerella graminicola in Western Australia

Ascospores of the wheat pathogens Phaeosphaeria nodorum (Muller) Hedjaroude and Mycosphaerella graminicola (Fuckel) Schroeter were trapped above infected wheat straw in 1990 in an area isolated from other possible sources. Release of ascospores by P. nodorum and M. graminicola, and by the oat pathogen P. avenaria f. sp. avenaria (Weber) Eriksson was monitored in the field between April and September 1991 to determine the availability of ascospores as a source of primary inoculum. The major period of ascospore release of P. nodorum and P. avenaria f. sp. avenaria was from mid-June to late August, which corresponded with the seedling to early flag emergence stage of crop development. The number of ascospores trapped was high, exceeding 4000 ascospores/m3 air/day for P. nodorum and 1000 ascospores/m3 air/day for P. avenaria f. sp. avenaria. The major release of ascospores of M. graminicola was from mid-May to late July, corresponding with the early seedling stage of crop development. The numbers trapped, however, were low and did not exceed 100 ascospores/m3 air/day. P. nodorum was recognised as the predominant wheat leaf pathogen at the trapping site and this was reflected in larger numbers of ascospores of P. nodorum compared with those of M. graminicola.

Enhancing the performance of ethephon with mepiquat chloride on barley (Hordeum distichon cV. Panda) using an adjuvant comprising acidified soyal phospholipid

SUMMARYRates of ethephon with mepiquat chloride (as ‘Terpal’) were foliar applied to winter barley during early flag leaf emergence with or without soyal lecithin acidified with proprionic acid included as an adjuvant (‘LI700’). In both the glasshouse and field increasing the rate of ‘Terpal’ decreased the rate of stem extension exponentially, which in turn led to progressively shorter stands.As crop height extended above 0.9 m both the proportion of crop area lodged and the severity of lodging (mean angle of culms to the vertical) increased. As lodging progressed, mean grain weight was depressed and therefore ethephon with mepiquat chloride had the potential to increase yield. However, in the absence of lodging, applications of ‘Terpal’ reduced yield in direct proportion to increasing the dose rate. The influence of ‘Terpal’ on yield becomes a complex interaction between phytotoxicity, probably resulting from exogenous ethylene applications and benefits accruing from the control of lodging.Adding ‘LI700’ as an adjuvant enhanced the performance of ‘Terpal’ in reducing both rate of stem extension and mean grain weight in the absence of lodging.

Review: EARLY CALIFORNIA COSTUMES, 1769-1850, and Flags of California, by Margaret Gilbert Mackey and Louise Pinkney Sooy

Book Review| September 01 1949 Review: EARLY CALIFORNIA COSTUMES, 1769-1850, and Flags of California, by Margaret Gilbert Mackey and Louise Pinkney Sooy EARLY CALIFORNIA COSTUMES, 1769-1850, and Flags of CaliforniaMargaret Gilbert MackeyLouise Pinkney Sooy J. Gregg Layne J. Gregg Layne Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar The Quarterly: Historical Society of Southern California (1949) 31 (3): 232. https://doi.org/10.2307/41168206 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation J. Gregg Layne; Review: EARLY CALIFORNIA COSTUMES, 1769-1850, and Flags of California, by Margaret Gilbert Mackey and Louise Pinkney Sooy. The Quarterly: Historical Society of Southern California 1 September 1949; 31 (3): 232. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/41168206 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentSouthern California Quarterly Search This content is only available via PDF. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.