Early Diagnosis Of Stomach Cancer Research Articles

CORRELATION OF SOME IMMUNOLOGICAL MARKERS WITH HELICOBACTER PYLORI IN PATIENTS IN THI-QAR PROVINCE.

The aim: This study aims to investigate some of the immunological parameters related to Helicobacter pylori patients, including: interleukin (IL-17), cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4), macrophage inhibitory migration factor (MIF), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB). Materials and methods: The immunological parameters were investigated by using ELISA technology, and compared with the healthy individuals (control). Results: The level of IL-17A in the serum showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the HPP group compared to the control group. The CD4 serum concentration in infected with H. pylori patients was high level (4.23 ± 0.41 ng/ml) with significant increase (p < 0.05) than to healthy individuals (control) (1.93 ± 0.22 ng/ml). Also, there was significant elevation (p < 0.05) in in the level of serum MIF levels in H. pylori patients (75.23 ± 1.88 ng/ml) as compared to the control (65.11 ± 2.25 ng/ml). Serum NF-kB concentration in patients infected with H. pylori was at a high level (8.15 ± 0.58 ng/ml) with a significant elevated (p < 0.05) as compared to control (3.91 ± 0.47 ng/ml). On the other hand, the results proved that there is significant elevation (p < 0.05) in blood NF-kB level in smokers infected with H. pylori (9.43 ± 0.95ng/ml), compared with non-smokers infected with Helicobacter pylori (4.96 ± 1.46 ng/ml). Conclusions: Both humoral and cellular immune response plays an important role in patients with Helicobacter pylori. The nuclear factor kappa B is considered a risk factor in smoking patients, infected with Helicobacter Pylori can be considered as an early diagnosis of stomach cancer.

Deep Feature Fusion and Optimization-Based Approach for Stomach Disease Classification.

Cancer is the deadliest disease among all the diseases and the main cause of human mortality. Several types of cancer sicken the human body and affect organs. Among all the types of cancer, stomach cancer is the most dangerous disease that spreads rapidly and needs to be diagnosed at an early stage. The early diagnosis of stomach cancer is essential to reduce the mortality rate. The manual diagnosis process is time-consuming, requires many tests, and the availability of an expert doctor. Therefore, automated techniques are required to diagnose stomach infections from endoscopic images. Many computerized techniques have been introduced in the literature but due to a few challenges (i.e., high similarity among the healthy and infected regions, irrelevant features extraction, and so on), there is much room to improve the accuracy and reduce the computational time. In this paper, a deep-learning-based stomach disease classification method employing deep feature extraction, fusion, and optimization using WCE images is proposed. The proposed method comprises several phases: data augmentation performed to increase the dataset images, deep transfer learning adopted for deep features extraction, feature fusion performed on deep extracted features, fused feature matrix optimized with a modified dragonfly optimization method, and final classification of the stomach disease was performed. The features extraction phase employed two pre-trained deep CNN models (Inception v3 and DenseNet-201) performing activation on feature derivation layers. Later, the parallel concatenation was performed on deep-derived features and optimized using the meta-heuristic method named the dragonfly algorithm. The optimized feature matrix was classified by employing machine-learning algorithms and achieved an accuracy of 99.8% on the combined stomach disease dataset. A comparison has been conducted with state-of-the-art techniques and shows improved accuracy.

Modern possibilities and prospects of early diagnosis of stomach cancer

The review includes 70 articles, most of which have been published for the last 5 years. The aim of the review : explore the modern possibilities and prospects of early diagnosis of stomach cancer. In 2018 in Russia, the mortality rate within one year after the diagnosis was 47.4%. Leading experts in luminal endoscopy from Japan, where more than 60% cases of stomach cancer are detected at an early stage, recommend using advanced endoscopic equipment for routine diagnostics, which allows enlarging the image, examining the capillaries of the mucosa and taking series of pictures. Artificial intelligence improves accuracy. Gastroscopic study with artificial intelligence compensates errors and limited capabilities of people, and provides greater accuracy. However, this technology is expensive, and esophagogastroduodenoscopy itself is an invasive method and can be used only in a clinical setting. In patients with a detectable lesion, a biopsy should be performed. It is important to obtain a sufficient amount of tissue when collecting material, however, many patients take anticoagulants, and thus sampling of numerous fragments can lead to bleeding. Given the limitations of esophagogastroduodenoscopy with biopsy and the fact that only 12.4% cases of stomach cancer in 2018 in Russia identified on the stage I, the searching of effective diagnostic tools is still relevant. MicroRNAs have been in the «cancer research arena» for over 10 years and are considered biomarkers that can help to differentiate between the patients with normal range, dysplasia and those with cancer. MicroRNA regulates all vital processes of a cell, moreover, they are stable and easily extracted from various biological materials, including tissues, blood, feces, saliva, ascitic fluid and even paraffin blocks. And although microRNAs are only entering clinical practice, the results obtained are encouraging.

10-years follow-up of patients with stomach cancer - diagnostic defects &amp; dyspepsia as the earliest “alarm symptom”; results of the ”RADIUS” program (“early diagnosis of stomach cancer in dyspepsia”)

In 2019, a retrospective analysis of medical records for 10 previous years (2019-2009) was conducted for 426 patients with confirmed malignant neoplasm (MN) of the stomach registered in 125 outpatient and polyclinic medical and preventive treatment facilities in 12 cities of the Russian Federation. The average age of patients at the time of diagnosis was 61.9 years, the life expectancy after diagnosis being 2.2 years. In 67.4% of patients the diagnosis was made at stages III and IV of the disease. All patients had a history of any upper digestive tract pathology. The record of H. pylori c examination was detected in 16.9% of patients, all of them with positive results. In 64,3% of esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGDS) protocols there were visible changes in the gastric mucosa. Dynamic EGDS control was performed irregularly. During the whole period of observation, an average of 2.5 biopsies per patient were taken during EGDS. In the clinical diagnosis of “chronic gastritis” morphological examination was performed in 70.0% of patients. Classical “warning signs” were registered on the average 2.4 years before the diagnosis of gastric cancer. Dyspepsia syndrome was registered 4.6 years before cancer verification. The correlation between dyspepsia and the timing of cancer diagnosis was confirmed. Thus, the dyspepsia syndrome can be categorized as “early warning signs”. For the diagnosis of gastric adenocarcinoma, 3D correlation analysis showed a correlation between the number of biopsy samples taken, the number of “warning signs” and the number of years lived after the diagnosis of malignant neoplasms.

Diagnostics of stomach cancer in Russia: fi rst results of the multicenter study “RADIUS” (Early diagnosis of stomach cancer in dyspepsia)

The aim of the study was to evaluate the timeliness and eff ectiveness of the diagnosis of precancerous diseases and early forms of gastric cancer in primary health care. Materials and methods. A multicenter retrospective descriptive study was conducted with an analysis of the medical records of 426 patients who were diagnosed with malignant neoplasm of the stomach at the time of going to outpatient facilities. We used data from 125 outpatient facilities in 7 centers for the period from 2009 to 2019. Results. The average age of patients with a fi rst established diagnosis of malignant neoplasia was 61,7 (95% CI 58.6 ÷ 64.8) years. The prevailing form of malignant neoplastic disease was the option “Adenocarcinoma, intestinal cancer” — 77,7%, diff use type cancer — 12,7%, other histological types — 9,6%. The diagnosis of malignant neoplastic disease at the III and IV stages of the disease was fi rst established in 67,4% of patients. The number of years lived by patients with a diagnosis of gastric gastric cancer was 2,0 years. Over a 10-year follow-up, 75% of patients died. Risk factors for gastric cancer were identifi ed in 41% of respondents. Signs of dyspepsia syndrome were observed in 31,5% of patients, and they appeared on average 4,6 (95% CI 4,4 ÷ 4,8) years before the diagnosis of gastric malignancy. Among people with gastric cancer, dyspepsia symptoms occur every day in every third patient. The features of the manifestations of dyspepsia in the observed patients were: daily manifestations of symptoms (33,3%), symptoms at night — 9,4%, an increase in the intensity of dyspepsia (21,3%), the lack of a clinical response to the therapy (proton pump inhibitors, prokinetics, eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection) in 58% of cases. Anxiety symptoms were recorded 2,4 years before a diagnosis of stomach cancer.

Computer assisted gastric abnormalities detection using hybrid texture descriptors for chromoendoscopy images

Background and ObjectiveThe early diagnosis of stomach cancer can be performed by using a proper screening procedure. Chromoendoscopy (CH) is an image-enhanced video endoscopy technique, which is used for inspection of the gastrointestinal-tract by spraying dyes to highlight the gastric mucosal structures. An endoscopy session can end up with generating a large number of video frames. Therefore, inspection of every individual endoscopic-frame is an exhaustive task for the medical experts. In contrast with manual inspection, the automated analysis of gastroenterology images using computer vision based techniques can provide assistance to endoscopist, by finding out abnormal frames from the whole endoscopic sequence. MethodsIn this paper, we have presented a new feature extraction method named as Gabor-based gray-level co-occurrence matrix (G2LCM) for computer-aided detection of CH abnormal frames. It is a hybrid texture extraction approach which extracts a combination both local and global texture descriptors. Moreover, texture information of a CH image is represented by computing the gray level co-occurrence matrix of Gabor filters responses. Furthermore, the second-order statistics of these co-occurrence matrices are computed to represent images’ texture. ResultsThe obtained results show the possibility to correctly classifying abnormal from normal frames, with sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and area under the curve as 91%, 82%, 87% and 0.91 respectively, by using a support vector machine classifier and G2LCM texture features. ConclusionIt is apparent from results that the proposed system can be used for providing aid to the gastroenterologist in the screening of the gastric tract. Ultimately, the time taken by an endoscopic procedure will be sufficiently reduced.

Prophylaxis and early diagnosis of stomach cancer

Prophylaxis and early diagnosis of stomach cancer

Revealing humidity-enhanced NH3 sensing effect by using resonant microcantilever

High performance NH3 sensor is of great importance in various application fields such as environmental protection and early diagnosis of stomach cancer. Herein, carboxyl group functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (C-MSNs) with ultrahigh specific surface area are developed as high performance mass-type sensing material for trace-level NH3 detection. By using inkjet printing technology, C-MSNs material is precisely loaded on our lab-made integrated resonant microcantilever to construct a mass-type gas sensor. Based on the specific acid-base interaction between Brønsted acidic C-MSNs material and basic NH3 molecules, our sensor exhibits satisfactory NH3 sensing performance. The experimentally observed detection limit of our sensor reaches parts per billion (ppb) level. Exposed to NH3 with identical concentration, our sensor outputs a higher response in wet air than that of in dry atmosphere. In real air, hydrate NH3 molecule (i.e. NH3·xH2O) has a larger molecular weight than anhydrous NH3 in absolute dry experimental atmosphere. Therefore, our gravimetric sensor exhibits a higher response in real air. In order to in-depth elucidate the humidity-enhanced sensing effect, the micro-gravimetric sensing data obtained in wet air and in dry experimental environment are compared together. Based on our quantitatively measurement data, the molecular formula of hydrate NH3·xH2O existing in wet air (with 50–80% relative humidity) can be obtained as NH3·2∼2.4H2O.

Auto-classification for confocal back-scattering micro-spectrum at single-cell scale using principal component analysis

Early diagnosis and treatment for cancer is a key to reduce the mortality of cancer. Based on confocal back scatter micro-spectroscopic system, micro-spectra of normal stomach epithelial cells and cancerous cells were collected. In order to discriminate the two types of cells, the micro-spectra of cells were analyzed with principal component analysis in which the first two scores of the principal components were utilized. The results showed this method could clearly distinguish the confocal back scattering micro-spectra of the normal stomach epithelial cells and cancerous cells. This might provide a new method for early diagnosis of stomach cancer, which is fast, accurate and low-cost at single-cell scale.

Microfluidic optoelectronic sensor for salivary diagnostics of stomach cancer.

We present a microfluidic optoelectronic sensor for saliva diagnostics with a potential application for non-invasive early diagnosis of stomach cancer. Stomach cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. The primary identified cause is infection by a gram-negative bacterium Helicobacter pylori. These bacteria secrete the enzyme urease that converts urea into carbon dioxide (CO2) and ammonia (NH3), leading to their elevated levels in breath and body fluids. The proposed optoelectronic sensor will detect clinically relevant levels of CO2 and NH3 in saliva that can potentially be used for early diagnosis of stomach cancer. The sensor is composed of the embedded in a microfluidic device array of microwells filled with ion-exchange polymer microbeads doped with various organic dyes. The optical response of this unique highly diverse sensor is monitored over a broad spectrum, which provides a platform for cross-reactive sensitivity and allows detection of CO2 and NH3 in saliva at ppm levels.

Câncer de estômago: fatores de risco

For the last fifty years, stomach cancer has become less important in terms of morbidity and mortality in developed countries, but the same pattern has not occurred in Brazil. The main risk factors for this neoplasm are certain diet patterns that became evident through epidemiological studies in various population groups. After the carcinogenic effects of nitrosamines and the anti-oxidant activity of vitamin C were discovered, some of the associations between stomach cancer and diet were partially understood. After the description of Helicobacter pylori in 1983 and the evidence of the relationship between this bacteria and certain stomach diseases, new elements were added to the knowledge about the development of this neoplasm. Current knowledge, albeit incomplete, provides interesting prospects for the prevention and early diagnosis of stomach cancer.

Development of tumors in the glandular stomach of rats after oral administration of carcinogens. I. Histological findings.

Experimental carcinomas in the glandular stomach of rats were induced by oral administration of MNNG (M-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidin) for 35 weeks or ENNG (N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidin) for 20 weeks. Rats were killed at different times after beginning of carcinogen treatment and tissue specimens were prepared for histologic investigation. Particular interest was placed on the development of tumors and on pathological findings possibly contributing to early diagnosis of stomach cancer. During the development of tumors, several dysplastic reactions were observed in the antral mucosa. They could be classified into 4 groups: One was regenerative hyperplasia (1) that meant irregular glandular proliferations without cell atypism at the margin of erosions and ulcers. This lesion was mainly found 1-9 weeks after administration of MNNG. In glandular hyperplasia (2) either crypts or glands were extended and mucosal layers were thickened. No signs of cell atypism were observed. This lesion was mainly found 12-17 weeks after administration of MNNG. Dysplasia (3) was combined with considerable structural modifications and cellular atypism. However, this lesion was limited to the mucosal layer. Neoplastic changes (4) were characterized by marked cellular atypism and extension to tunica submucosa and tunica serosa. Some tumors showed the histological patterns of benign tumors, but most of them were adenocarcinomas. In some cases metastases into pancreas, liver and lymph nodes and in one case into the 12th rib were observed. No particular enzyme patterns were found by histochemistry.

The earlier diagnosis of stomach cancer.

In the United States, diagnosis of early gastric cancer is, for the most part, grossly inadequate despite availability of new and improved diagnostic means. One of the several reasons for this, in the face of the very poor results in treatment for gastric cancer, is that it has been fashionable of late to point out that the incidence of gastric cancer in the United States is reducing (meaning that it may now be relatively ignored). However, among causes of death from cancer projected for 1968, stomach cancer ranks fifth, behind lung, breast, colon, and pancreatic cancer, and ahead of rectal cancer.1Concerning importance of early diagnosis of stomach cancer, it should be sufficient to note that the five-year survival of those with localized gastric cancer in the United States is 40%, whereas with regional involvement, a five-year survival of only 12% results.2These figures alone establish quite a