Early Detection Of Scoliosis Research Articles

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Early detection of scoliosis and other locomotor disorders is critical for effective treatment and improving the quality of life of those affected. The technology enables school nurses to make a more accurate diagnosis and make timely recommendations for the necessary interventions. In this study, we present the role of nurses in school health screening and the Tartás Pajtás tool, which was created to support school nurse screening. With the involvement of several nurses, we tested this device in a real environment and analyzed its possibilities and limitations. The results presented in the study were realized in the framework of the international project IML4E.

A New Clinical Tool for Scoliosis Risk Analysis: Scoliosis Tele-Screening Test.

Methodological, observational clinical study. This study aimed to develop a virtual screening test to detect scoliosis risk initially by parents without the need for medical visit during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. The scoliosis screening program has been implemented to early detect scoliosis. Unfortunately, access to health professionals was limited during the pandemic. However, during this time, interest in telemedicine has increased remarkably. Recently, mobile applications related to postural analysis were developed, but none permits evaluation by parents. Researchers developed the Scoliosis Tele-Screening Test (STS-Test), which included drawing-based images of body asymmetries, to assess the scoliosis-associated risk factors. The STS-Test was shared on social networks, allowing the parents to evaluate their children. After test completion, the risk score was generated automatically, and children with medium and high risks were then advised for medical consultation for further evaluation. The test accuracy and consistency between the clinician and parents were also analyzed. Of the 865 tested children, 358 (41.4%) consulted clinicians to confirm their STS-Test results. Scoliosis was then confirmed in 91 children (25.4%). The parents were able to detect asymmetry in 50% of the lumbar/thoracolumbar curvatures and 82% of the thoracic curvatures. In addition, the forward bend test revealed favorable agreement between parents and clinicians (r =0.809, p<0.0005). Internal consistency of the esthetic deformities domain in the STS-Test was also excellent (α=0.901). This tool was 94.97% accurate, 83.51% sensitive, and 98.87% specific. The STS-Test is a new parent-friendly, virtual, cost-effective, result-oriented, and reliable tool for scoliosis screening. It allows parents to actively participate in the early detection of scoliosis by screening their children for the risk of scoliosis periodically without the need to visit the health institution.

Study on the Reliability and Accuracy of Scolioscope, a New Digital Scoliometer.

Early detection of scoliosis with school screening and quick, easy, and reliable assessment of its progress are of paramount importance in the management of patients. There have been several tools described, with the most common being the analog scoliometer. Most recently, smartphone applications have entered this area with and without the use of sleeves for the device. There is no research that has evaluated the accuracy of measurements both left and right in either digital or analog devices. In this study, we evaluated the reliability and validity of a new digital scoliometer called the Scolioscope. Thirty subjects were included for the intra-rater reliability study. ICC values >0.9 were calculated both for same-day and between-day measurements. The device was highly accurate with an average difference from the ones set on the sine bar of 0.03° for right-side measurements and 0.18° for the left. These measurements suggest a highly accurate and reliable tool.

The importance of the size of the trunk inclination angle in the early detection of scoliosis in children

BackgroundEarly detection of idiopathic scoliosis is one factor in determining treatment effectiveness. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the importance of the size of the trunk inclination angle (ATI) for the early detection of scoliosis in preschool- and school-age children, taking into account the location and size of the spine curvature.MethodsThe study included a group of 216 children (mean age 11.54 years, standard deviation ± 3.05), who had previously untreated idiopathic scoliosis and a Cobb angle of ≥ 10°. The ATI values were compared with the corresponding Cobb angle values. The results of the ATI-Cobb correlation were compared to the ATI thresholds of 5° and 7°.ResultsIn the age groups 6–9, 10–12 and 13–17 years, the method sensitivity for the ATI ≥ 7° criterion was low at 33.90%, 27.69% and 51.29% (p < 0.05), respectively, while for the ATI ≥ 5° criterion, it was 67.8%, 69.23% and 93.48% (p < 0.05), respectively. With respect to location, significantly more frequent misdiagnoses (p < 0.05) were related to the lumbar and thoracolumbar (regions) sections of the spine in the groups aged 6–9 and 10–12 for ATI ≥ 7°; while no significant relationship was found at ATI ≥ 5°. For both ATI levels, the most frequent cases of mis- or undiagnosed scoliosis were observed among children with a Cobb angle of 10°-14° (p = 0.004).ConclusionA low predictive ATI value was demonstrated regarding scoliosis detection for the ATI 7° criterion in children aged 6–9 and 10–12 years, particularly for the lumbar and thoracolumbar locations. Adoption of the threshold of ATI 5° in screening tests for children aged 6–12 years, as well as for lower locations of scoliosis, may be more effective in the early detection of scoliosis.Trial registration.This study was approved by the Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa Ethics Committee KE-U/7/2021, and conducted under the Declaration of Helsinki.

Awareness of Scoliosis Among Schoolteachers in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background and Aims: Early detection of scoliosis is important for achieving a favorable outcome in the disease process. This study was performed to assess the awareness of scoliosis among school teachers for timely detection of scoliosis. Methods: This was a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study. Online questionnaires were distributed among school teachers across Saudi Arabia. Results: A total of 401 teachers comprising of 78 (19.5%) males and 323 (80.5%) females responded to the questionnaires. Among the responders, 215 (53%) teachers had a good knowledge whereas 186 (46.74%) had poor knowledge of scoliosis. Comparative analysis revealed that in the group of teachers with good knowledge of scoliosis 80 (61.8%) were from the science group as opposed to 135 (49.8%) teachers involved in teaching literature and other subjects (p = 0.018). No gender or regional differences were observed in the awareness of scoliosis. Analysis showed that overall 35 % of respondents answered correctly how to recognize scoliosis, 196 (56%) thought that the body tilts to one side; 18 (8%) suggested that one leg seems shorter than the other whilst 50 (14.2%) were unsure the criteria or diagnosis. Conclusions: Lack of awareness about scoliosis among a considerable proportion of school teachers prompts a need for promoting scoliosis awareness programs among school teachers for timely detection of scoliosis.

Scoliosis in patients with Chiari malformation type I.

The literature about the association between Chiari malformations (CMs) and scoliosis has been growing over the last three decades; yet, no consensus on the optimal management approach in this patient population has been reached. Spinal anomalies such as isolated syrinxes, isolated CM, and CM with a syrinx are relatively common among patients with presumed idiopathic scoliosis (IS), a rule that also applies to scoliosis among CM patients as well. In CM patients, scoliosis presents with atypical features such as early onset, left apical or kyphotic curvature, and neurological deficits. While spinal X-rays are essential to confirm the diagnosis of scoliosis among CM patients, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is also recommended in IS patients with atypical presentations. Hypotheses attempting to explain the occurrence of scoliosis in CM patients include cerebellar tonsillar compression of the cervicomedullary junction and uneven expansion of a syrinx in the horizontal plane of the spinal cord. Early detection of scoliosis on routine spinal examination and close follow-up on curve stability and progression are essential initial steps in the management of scoliosis, especially in patients with CM, who may require full spine MRI to screen for associated neuro-axial anomalies; bracing and spinal fusion may be subsequently pursued in high-risk patients.

Early Detection of Scoliosis—What the USPSTF “I” Means for Us

Early Detection of Scoliosis—What the USPSTF “I” Means for Us

Early detection of potential scoliosis in elementary school student of banjarmasin: Result of three examination models

Scoliosis is the most common spinal disorder. Early detection of potential scoliosis has an important role in preventing damage and spinal disorders that worsen. Early detection of scoliosis for children is very important in order to prevent progressivity of the scoliosis curves. This study aims to determine the number of potential scoliosis in fifth and sixth-grade primary school students in Banjarmasin using three different examinations. The method of this study is using observational descriptive. Data were obtained using Scoliometer, Visual Inspection Physical Examination, and C7 Plumb Line Test on 127 students. The results showed that the number of students who have potential scoliosis was 33 students (25.98%) with scoliometer, 12 students (9.44%) with direct visual inspection physical examination, and nothing with C7 plumb line test. Students aged > 10 years have a greater percentage of potential scoliosis (27.5%) than students aged ≤ 10 years (25.3%) in scoliometer measurement, but vice versa in visual inspection. Female students have a greater percentage of potential scoliosis (36.73% with scoliometer and 16.33% with visual inspection) than in male students (19.23% and 5.13%).

Current knowledge of scoliosis in physiotherapy students trained in the United Kingdom

BackgroundIt has been highlighted in both Poland and the United States of America (USA) that knowledge of idiopathic scoliosis (IS) among physiotherapy students is limited with respect to the 2011 International Society on Scoliosis Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Treatment (SOSORT) guidelines. Early detection of scoliosis and correct initial management is essential in effective care, and thus physiotherapists should be aware of the basic criteria for diagnosis and indications for treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the basic knowledge of IS in physiotherapy students trained in the United Kingdom (UK).MethodsA previously designed and tested 10-question survey, including knowledge of the 2011 SOSORT guidelines, was transcribed onto an online-survey platform. Questions were designed to analyse knowledge of definition, cause, development, prevalence, diagnosis, treatment and bracing of scoliosis.All UK universities offering physiotherapy degrees were invited to participate, with the programme lead of each institution asked to distribute the questionnaire to all penultimate and final year physiotherapy students (bachelor’s and master’s degrees). The final number of students who received the study invitation is unknown. The survey link closed after 8 weeks of data collection.Results Two hundred and six students, split over 12 institutions, successfully completed the questionnaire.Analysis showed that 79% of students recognised when IS is likely to develop, yet only 52% recognised that IS’s aetiology is unknown. Eighty-eight percent of students incorrectly defined IS as a 2-dimensional deformity, with only 24% successfully recognising the prevalence of IS within the scoliosis population. Just 12% knew the criteria for diagnosis; however, 93% were unable to recognise the appropriate treatment approach through therapeutic exercise. Finally, 54% of students managed to identify correctly when bracing is recommended for IS.In comparison to previous studies within the USA, students in the UK performed worse in relation to all questions except treatment (7% answered correctly vs 3% in the American study).ConclusionWith only 7% of students able to answer > 50% of the survey questions correctly, there is a clear lack of knowledge of appropriate IS diagnosis and care which could directly impact the information these patients are given within the first contact primary care in the UK.

The Clinical Effectiveness of School Screening Programme for Idiopathic Scoliosis in Malaysia

IntroductionThere is no large population size study on school screening for scoliosis in Malaysia. This study is aimed to determine the prevalence rate and positive predictive value (PPV) of screening programme for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.Materials and MethodsA total of 8966 voluntary school students aged 13-15 years old were recruited for scoliosis screening. Screening was done by measuring the angle of trunk rotation (ATR) on forward bending test (FBT) using a scoliometer. ATR of 5 degrees or more was considered positive. Positively screened students had standard radiographs done for measurement of the Cobb angle. Cobb angle of >10° was used to diagnose scoliosis. The percentage of radiological assessment referral, prevalence rate and PPV of scoliosis were then calculated.ResultsPercentage of radiological assessment referral (ATR >5°) was 4.2% (182/4381) for male and 5.0% (228/4585) for female. Only 38.0% of those with ATR >5° presented for further radiological assessment. The adjusted prevalence rate was 2.55% for Cobb angle >10°, 0.59% for >20° and 0.12% for >40°. The PPV is 55.8% for Cobb angle >10°, 12.8% for >20° and 2.6% for > 40°.ConclusionsThis is the largest study of school scoliosis screening in Malaysia. The prevalence rate of scoliosis was 2.55%. The positive predictive value was 55.8%, which is adequate to suggest that the school scoliosis screening programme did play a role in early detection of scoliosis. However, a cost effectiveness analysis will be needed to firmly determine its efficacy.

Pediatric scoliosis predictive blood tests: progress and challenges for clinicians

Purpose There are great needs for innovative pharmacotherapies in combination with clinical tests to identify asymptomatic children at risk of developing scoliosis and symptomatic ones to predict who may be at risk of scoliotic curve progression. Early detection of scoliosis is critical to broaden the range of treatment options and increases effectiveness. Currently, there are no FDA cleared “presymptomatic” diagnostic tests available for assessing scoliosis in paediatric patients. We have developed a cell-based screening assay for the early diagnosing of presymptomatic subjects and a biochemical blood test for asymptomatic individuals and patients at different disease stage.

The impact of scoliosis detection circumstances on the referral patterns in orthopaedics

The literature on efficiency of school scoliosis screening programs (SSSP) discusses the potential benefit of the awareness of health professionals and parents for early detection of scoliosis, as an alternative to mass screening of school children, for proper management of scoliosis patients. This hypothesis was examined in a community without SSSP by analyzing the impact of the professional status of the person involved in scoliosis detection on the appropriateness of referral.

Reproducibility of surface measurements of the back using the opTRImetric method

The early detection of scoliosis as well as the supervision of its progress without or with a minimal number of X-rays, is the aim of surface measurements by the opTRImetric method. The device, the method and the measured variables are described. The main aim of the work was the determination of the reproducibility of the measured variables. The variation of the measured variables caused by the stance and measurement method are given. It appears that the use of a balance for equal footloading results in a posture different from the "normal" one, and that the reproducibility of this posture seems even less than of the posture adopted when equiloading of the legs is subjectively attempted.

School screening for scoliosis

School screening for scoliosis can be highly effective in detecting those relevant curvatures that would benefit most from the available conservative treatment at an advantageously early stage. The correct age group of adolescent females is targeted, and routine examination can be administered with relative ease.The program is most accurate when performed with a primary Forward Bending Test, and in cases where scoliosis is suspected, a second screening using either the Forward Bending examination or a scoliometer reading is recommended before referral to a co-operating medical team. It is convenient, and suitably accurate following brief training, for the first two tests to be conducted by the school’s nurse or physical education staff.Screening at schools allows for early diagnosis of scoliosis, allowing maximum benefit and prognosis to be obtained as a result of the subsequent non-operative treatment. Boston braces have presented the highest rates of compliance and have thus yielded some of the most beneficial results of management by bracing. A treatment is deemed successful if the progression of the curvature has been stopped, and this occurs with the majority of cases that are detected whilst they are in the early stages. The prognosis of scoliosis is therefore improved by conservative treatment measures.The cost of implementing a school screening program is justified by its ability to decrease the morbidity of those adolescents who are affected by this disease. The programs are generally inexpensive, are not time consuming and are simple to administer. As much as 75% to 95% of AIS cases that require surgery could have avoided operative management through early diagnosis and treatment. As the screening projects encourage and implement the early detection of scoliosis, which can then be effectively managed, there is great value in the implementation and maintenance of these school screening programs.

Early detection of scoliosis. A neurological approach using the asymmetrical tonic neck reflex.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR) and the occurrence of scoliosis in healthy children. One hundred eighty-four children, between the ages of 10 years, 5 months to 13 years, 10 months, who attended a rural elementary school were selected for the study. The quadruped reflex-inhibiting posture was used to assess the ATNR. A standard orthopedic screening tool was used for assessment of scoliosis. The occurrence of the ATNR in children tended to increase the rate of referral for further testing for scoliosis. In those children who were assessed for scoliosis using roentgenograms and who had a positive ATNR, a relationship occurred between the convex side of the curvature and the side of the ATNR. Results did not show significant differences in the occurrence of the ATNR or scoliosis in regard to sex. Based on the results of this study, the addition of the ATNR testing to scoliosis screening may prove beneficial in the early identification of scoliosis.

Early detection of scoliosis.

Early detection of scoliosis.

Spinal Deformity in Adolescence: Early Detection and Nonoperative Management

Scoliosis and kyphosis, as diseases, can be prevented by early detection of scoliosis and kyphosis as conditions. Nonoperative management is usually successful when its main aim is the prevention of progression. By the time the condition has reached the point where correction is necessary to produce an acceptable end result, nonoperative methods often fail. Scoliosis and kyphosis are frequently missed on routine school physical examinations because they are not specifically looked for or because the examiners are not aware of the early physical findings. The most efficient and effective way for early detection is through school screening clinics in the 10 to 13 year age group.