Early Detection Of Non-communicable Diseases Research Articles

Prevalence and social determinants of depression: A cross-sectional survey of Myanmar migrant workers in Chiang Mai, Northern Thailand

ABSTRACT Background: Depression is a common mental disorder and the sixth leading cause of disability in Thailand. Chiang Mai has historically been a city of attraction for labour migration for Shan migrants from the adjacent Southern Shan State of Myanmar. Currently, only infectious diseases are screened during the pre-employment period. Prevention and early detection of noncommunicable diseases can improve a healthy workforce and reduce the healthcare burden on the host country. Therefore, we aimed to determine the prevalence of depression and associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was done among Myanmar migrant adults legally working in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Results: The final analysis included 360 participants and the prevalence of depression was 14.4%. Being female, duration of stay in Thailand of more than 10 years, co-residence with co-workers, and marginalisation pattern of acculturation were significant associated factors affecting depression in a multivariate regression analysis model. Conclusion: Although the culture and dialect were not different between the host and country of origin, Myanmar migrant workers of Shan ethnicity suffered from depression. Our findings highlighted the importance of social determinants beyond common predictors of depression among migrants and the need for public health measures to promote migrants' integration into the host culture.

Capacity Building to Support Posbindu Cadre Skills in Early Detection of Non-Communicable Diseases

Abstract. The number of people with non-communicable diseases is increasing from year to year, including diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension. If not detected and handled properly, it can cause complications and even death. It takes the role of many parties in controlling non-communicable diseases, one of which is Posyandu cadres. At Seroja Sendangadi Mlati Sleman Posyandu, posyandu activities have been carried out. Most cases of non-communicable diseases were DM and hypertension. The problem is that Posyandu Seroja cadres have never received training on checking blood sugar, cholesterol, and uric acid and health education. Posyandu Seroja has never carried out the activities to increase residents' awareness of signs and symptoms of disease, examinations, and management for residents who have been diagnosed. Posyandu also does not have its own blood sugar checker. Therefore, it is important to strengthen the capacity of Pobindu Seroja cadres. In this community service, capacity building has been carried out with training on blood pressure checks and training on simple blood tests (blood sugar, uric acid, gout) and provision of medical devices. The training was attended by 15 cadres. Then, it was continued with the second activity, namely early detection and health education on non-communicable diseases which were attended by 46 posbindu participants. The results of community service were processed using descriptive statistics. The existence of training for cadres increases blood pressure checking skills from 2 capable cadres to 15 capable cadres. Results after simple blood test training are from 1 capable to 8 capable. The results of early detection of non-communicable diseases found that most of the nutritional status was overweight, most of the blood pressure and uric acid were normal, most of the blood sugar and cholesterol were high or abnormal.

The Impact of Inadequate Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at the Diabetic Clinic of Hoima Regional Referral Hospital in Hoima City

Per the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) Global Report on Diabetes, the prevalence of diabetes and associated risk factors has been on a steady rise, currently standing at 2.7% for males and 3.0% for females. Overweight individuals make up about 18.6% of adults, while the obese account for 3.9%. This particular study conducted at Hoima Regional Referral Hospital focused on assessing the prevalence of inadequate glycemic control and the factors contributing to this issue among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients. Employing a descriptive, cross-sectional design utilizing quantitative data collection and analysis methods, the study captured the opinions and perceptions of a considerable number of Type 2 diabetic patients attending the hospital's diabetic clinic at a specific moment, allowing for broader generalizations. The study uncovered that poor glycemic control among Type 2 diabetic patients led to various complications, notably cardiovascular issues (56%), diabetic neuropathy (50%), diabetic nephropathy (33%), diabetic retinopathy (25%), and infections (21%). Specifically, cardiovascular complications were more prevalent among patients with a family history of diabetes, hypertension, high BMI, and those categorized as overweight. Additionally, patients over the age of 60, highly educated individuals, married persons, and professionals exhibited higher instances of cardiovascular complications due to poor glycemic control. The study recommended hospital management to dedicate time for educating patients on managing their conditions beyond medication intake, addressing factors hindering good glycemic control. Furthermore, the study suggested strategies such as community outreach programs and routine screening for Diabetes Mellitus among hypertensive patients to facilitate early detection of non-communicable diseases. Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Overweight, Obesity, Cardiovascular diseases, Glycemic control.

Health screening for the elderly at Lembah Sari, Rumbai Timur

Elderly is the age of someone over 60 years who has decreased physiological function of the body causing non-communicable diseases such as hypertension, arthritis, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), diabetes mellitus (DM), and so on. This service aims to conduct health checks on the elderly in RW 09, Lembah Sari Village, Rumbai Timur as an early detection of non-communicable diseases. The method of implementing community service begins with direct assessment of the elderly accompanied by follow-up of the results of the health screening. The results of the service found that 11 elderly with hypertension, 2 elderly with high diabetes, and 6 elderly with high cholesterol.

Carbon-Based Fluorescent Nano-Biosensors for the Detection of Cell-Free Circulating MicroRNAs.

Currently, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have emerged as potential risks for humans due to adopting a sedentary lifestyle and inaccurate diagnoses. The early detection of NCDs using point-of-care technologies significantly decreases the burden and will be poised to transform clinical intervention and healthcare provision. An imbalance in the levels of circulating cell-free microRNAs (ccf-miRNA) has manifested in NCDs, which are passively released into the bloodstream or actively produced from cells, improving the efficacy of disease screening and providing enormous sensing potential. The effective sensing of ccf-miRNA continues to be a significant technical challenge, even though sophisticated equipment is needed to analyze readouts and expression patterns. Nanomaterials have come to light as a potential solution as they provide significant advantages over other widely used diagnostic techniques to measure miRNAs. Particularly, CNDs-based fluorescence nano-biosensors are of great interest. Owing to the excellent fluorescence characteristics of CNDs, developing such sensors for ccf-microRNAs has been much more accessible. Here, we have critically examined recent advancements in fluorescence-based CNDs biosensors, including tools and techniques used for manufacturing these biosensors. Green synthesis methods for scaling up high-quality, fluorescent CNDs from a natural source are discussed. The various surface modifications that help attach biomolecules to CNDs utilizing covalent conjugation techniques for multiple applications, including self-assembly, sensing, and imaging, are analyzed. The current review will be of particular interest to researchers interested in fluorescence-based biosensors, materials chemistry, nanomedicine, and related fields, as we focus on CNDs-based nano-biosensors for ccf-miRNAs detection applications in the medical field.

Preventive check-up programme for strengthening people-centred primary health care services in Albania: Case study and lessons learnt

Non-communicable Diseases (NCDs) in Albania are increasing, yet the country has a low number of outpatient visits per inhabitant per year. A primary health care (PHC) based programme of medical check-ups, with a focus on prevention, was set up in the country in 2015 aiming to address this issue, among others. This manuscript describes the development and status of the programme at key time points after its implementation, and considers some of its outcomes.The current analysis was based on data gathered from the check-up programme information system and the registry of diseases at PHC centres, and guided by the European Framework for Action on Integrated Health Services Delivery.Based on PHC registered cases, a 13% and 34% increase in the prevalence of elevated blood pres-sure and diabetes were observed in 2015 respectively, following the introduction of the check-up programme compared to the previous year. Three years after implementation, about 60% of the population aged 35–70 years old had used the programme at least once, with 61% of the total 954 667 visits provided to women.Overall, the check-up programme in Albania has identified a substantial number of new cases of NCD as well as their associated risk factors in its population. The early detection of NCDs is expected to contribute to the prevention of complications, premature mortality and their associated costs. Albanian politicians and decision-makers should regularly revise and introduce appropriate changes to the check-up programme in the future. In particular, the issue of sustainability and long-term resource mobilization is of particular concern and warrants careful consideration.
 
 Conflict of interests: None declared.

Unmet Need for Screening for Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, and Dyslipidemia in a Population That Is at Risk for NCDs; A Study Among Older Adults in Kottayam District, Kerala

Background: More than half of the people in the geriatric age group have a history of at least one chronic illness, the majority of which are associated with the cardiovascular system. Hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus are recognized risk factors for cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. The early detection of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) has been found to reduce the disease burden and the associated complications. The study aims to assess the unmet need for screening of NCDs among older adults in the Kottayam district. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 420 older adults (60 years and above) in all 11 blocks of the Kottayam district using a structured interview schedule. Statistical analysis using proportions with appropriate stratification was undertaken using SPSS Version 26. Results: The unmet need for dyslipidemia screening (45.5%) was the highest among the screening. Employment status, socioeconomic status, and education were associated with the unmet need for dyslipidemia screening. Education, employment status, current means of sustenance, and socioeconomic status were associated with the unmet need for screening of diabetes mellitus. The unmet need for screening of only dyslipidemia was 22.4%. Among the participants with hypertension and diabetes mellitus, more than three-fourths (77.0%) had an unmet need for dyslipidemia screening. Conclusions: Unmet need for screening of dyslipidemia was the highest among all the 3 diseases. About one-eight of those aged 60 and above have not been screened appropriately for all the 3 diseases. Any programmatic effort needs to address this to reduce the burden of NCD morbidity among the elderly.

Mobile application for early detection of non-communicable diseases

Background: The number of deaths and illnesses caused by non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is increasing. One of the leading causes of NCDs is the behavior or patterns of people's daily habits. In the absence of a system that is used to detect NCDs with a behavioral approach, it is essential to research and create an application system for the early detection of NCDs.Purpose: This study aims to produce a system for the early detection of NCDs in pregnant women and provide recommendations based on an expert system.Method: This study employed Research & Development consisting of 4 stages, namely Literature Study, Development Stage, Validity Expert, and Trial.Results: This application has features that the public can use to detect NCDs independently. Users can perform early detection independently as needed; all user detection history data will be recorded in the detection history menu. In addition, users get health information through the health article menu. The results of trials conducted on pregnant women found that this application system was more effective than the manual. A mobile application can also increase the speed of diagnosis to 42%.Conclusion: This application is helpful for health workers and the public in conducting early detection of NCDs and providing education. This early detection application will make it easier for users to know their condition based on their behavior and make it easier for health workers to detect early and control the user's condition even from a distance.

OPTIMALISASI PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT MELALUI PENERAPAN PHBS DAN SENAM SEHAT SEBAGAI UPAYA PENINGKATAN KUALITAS HIDUP LANSIA SEJAHTERA DI DESA SUNGAI RAYA RT/RW 001/004 KELURAHAN SEMBULANG KECAMATAN GALANG

Clean and Healthy Living Behavior is a behavior or action to strive for cleanliness and health from one's own volition and transmit it to others. This behavior includes maintaining personal hygiene and health so that it has an impact on the health of others and the surrounding environment which is one of the keys to achieving individual and public health status in Indonesia. Providing counseling is carried out based on the characteristics of the elderly who easily experience a decline in health and have difficulty doing activities so that they require assistance, management of health conditions so that they remain healthy and able to carry out activities properly. One of the solutions to problems that can be done to help improve understanding of the health of the elderly regarding healthy living behaviors and degenerative diseases is to provide counseling on clean and healthy living behaviors as early detection of non-communicable diseases. Prasetya & Noerfitri, 2023 stated that the family has an important role in improving the quality of public health, because in the family there is communication and interaction between family members which is an important start in a behavioral education process. The ten household PHBS indicators are births assisted by health workers, exclusive breastfeeding, weighing toddlers, using clean water, washing hands, using latrines, eradicating larvae, consuming fruit and vegetables, physical activity and not smoking in the house.

Pemberdayaan Kader dalam Pembentukan Pos Pembinaan Terpadu (Posbindu) Penyakit Tidak Menular di Ngandong Sleman Yogyakarta

The prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCD) in Indonesia is currently increasing. Data from WHO states that 71% of the causes of death worldwide are NCD. Control of risk factors and early detection of non-communicable diseases (NCD) are the keys to reducing the number of cases and mortality of NCD. Posbindu is a preventive, promotive effort that involves community participation. The ability of cadres and community awareness are not the same in every area. In this regard, our community service activities aim to optimize cadres in controlling NCD through the establishment and implementation of Posbindu. This program consists of 5 actions: Training of cadres about Posbindu, Counseling, and education to cadres and the community about non-communicable diseases, especially hypertension and diabetes mellitus, Procurement and training on the use of medical devices for Posbindu, Creation of information and communication media for health education to the public, and Establishment of Posbindu and its implementation. The results of this program are increasing the understanding of cadres about Posbindu, increasing the knowledge of cadres and the community about NCD, and the formation of Posbindu, which has been implemented in the community. Active participation of the cadres and the community is expected to ensure the continuity of this activity.

Deteksi Faktor Resiko Penyakit Tidak Menular dan Penerapan Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat di Kantor Camat Padang Utara

Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19) has resulted in around 5.4 million deaths worldwide. The virus that causes COVID-19 continues to mutate with the latest variant known as Omicron. Hypertension and diabetes are the most common comorbidities in Covid-19. Prevention of infection and complications of Covid-19 can be done by implementing clean and healthy living behaviors and early detection of comorbid diseases. This community service activity aims to early detection of non-communicable diseases and provide education about a clean and healthy lifestyle which is very much needed during a pandemic so that the immune system can increase and avoid transmission and complications of Covid-19. This activity held on January 8, 2022 for 2 hours. The participants of the activity are people in the working area of the Padang Utara sub-district office, Padang City. The results of this activity showed that the participants' average blood pressure was within normal limits and the average blood sugar was in the prediabetes category. This activity has the impact of increasing public knowledge about risk factors for non-communicable diseases and clean and healthy living behavior during a pandemic so it can prevent infectious disease infections and avoid non-communicable diseases and their complications.

Screening and Monitoring of Non-Communicable Diseases as an Effort to Implement Posbindu in Banjar Dukuh, Kesiman Petilan Village

Non-communicable disease is a disease with a high incidence and increase every years. Non-communicable diseases often occur without symptoms and clinical signs so must beware. Insufficient awareness from the community regarding the early detection of non-communicable diseases must be immediately addressed, so that there is a need for efforts to implement Posbindu. The solution offered is by conducting community service activities in the form of screening and monitoring non-communicable diseases as an effort to implement Posbindu at Banjar Dukuh Desa Kesiman Petilan. The results of this activity are: (1) Implementation of counseling activities on non-communicable diseases, thereby increasing the knowledge of teachers at Banjar Dukuh Desa Kesiman Petilan about non- communicable diseases, (2) Implementation of Posbindu activities through checks to detect non-communicable diseases early can be a model for other Posbindu in early detection, monitoring, follow-up of non-communicable diseases and referral of non-communicable diseases.

Relationship between tobacco use, alcohol consumption and non-communicable diseases among women in India: evidence from National Family Health Survey-2015-16

BackgroundBased on an increased prevalence of diabetes, asthma and hypertension among women in reproductive age, understanding the risk factors of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is crucial to inform policy and program interventions to address the problem. In this study, we empirically assessed the associations of behavioural factors such as alcohol consumption and tobacco use and a variety of socioeconomic characteristics with prevalence of NCDs in adult women.MethodsThe data were derived from the National Family Health Survey conducted in 2015–16. The effective sample size for the present paper was 699,686 women aged 15–49 years in India. Descriptive statistics along with bivariate analysis were conducted to find the preliminary results. Additionally, multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to find the relationship between NCDs and behavioural factors such as alcohol consumption and tobacco use. Moreover, population attributable risk was estimated in the present study.ResultsIt was revealed that 15.9% of women had any of the NCDs. A proportion of 0.8% of women smoked tobacco whereas 5.5% of women consumed smokeless tobacco. Also, a proportion of 1.2% of women consumed alcohol in the current study. The odds of having NCDs among women who smoked tobacco, consumed smokeless tobacco and consume alcohol were 16, 8 and 20% significantly higher than the odds of having NCDs among women who did not smoke tobacco, consume smokeless tobacco and consume alcohol respectively. The population attributable risk of having NCDs was 1.8% (p < 0.001) for women who smoked, 0.8% (p < 0.001) for women who consumed smokeless tobacco and 2.2% (p < 0.001) for women who consumed alcohol. Besides, the odds of having NCDs among overweight and obese women were 2.25 and 3.60 times greater than the odds of having NCDs among women who were underweight.ConclusionThe findings revealed that smoking and using smokeless tobacco and alcohol consumption were risk factors of NCDs in women. The findings also alarm the focus of maternal and child health programs on NCDs’ risk factors like maternal obesity, due to their adverse health consequences on their children too. Also, the coexistence of higher levels of tobacco use and alcohol consumption requires different strategies to address the vulnerability of women towards NCDs, including screening and early detection of NCDs especially among those who smoke or chew tobacco and consume alcohol.

EFFORTS TO INCREASE OPTIMAL COMMUNITY HEALTH THROUGH SCREENING OF NON-CONVENIENT DISEASES IN JOGONAYAN VILLAGE, MAGELANG REGENCY

Background Non-Communicable Disease Screening is a form of community participation in activities for early detection, monitoring and early follow-up of risk factors for non-communicable diseases independently and continuously. This activity was developed as a form of early awareness of non-communicable diseases considering that almost all risk factors for non-communicable diseases do not give symptoms to those who experience them. Risk factors for non-communicable diseases include smoking, consumption of alcoholic beverages, unhealthy eating patterns, lack of physical activity, obesity, stress, hypertension, hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia. Purpose is to improve the health status of the community through early detection of non-communicable diseases especially those with diabetes mellitus The method begins with interviews with health cadres in the Jogonayan village area, Magelang Regency, followed by an early detection program and health education. Results:. The health checks carried out were anthropometric measurements in the form of height, weight, abdominal circumference, blood pressure measurements and current blood sugar measurements. Of the 48 residents who took part in the detection, 37% had pre-hypertension, 15% had grade I hypertension and 18% had blood sugar &gt;200 mg/dl and 10% did not suffer from hypertension or diabetes mellitus, 20% were in good health. Conclusion: Early detection of non-communicable diseases is very important to prevent further complications.

SOSIALISASI DETEKSI DINI PENYAKIT TIDAK MENULAR (DD-PTM) DALAM PENCEGAHAN KOMPLIKASI DIABETES MELLITUS DI KELURAHAN BULUSTALAN KECAMATAN SEMARANG SELATAN

Background The Healthy Living Community Movement (GERMAS) is a program launched by the Ministry of Health to reduce the main risks of communicable and non-communicable diseases (PTM), especially through nutritional interventions for the first 1000 days of life, improving balanced nutrition consumption patterns for the whole family, increasing regular and measurable physical activity. , improve a healthy lifestyle, improve a healthy environment and reduce cigarette and alcohol consumption. Purpose is to improve the health status of the community through early detection of non-communicable diseases (DD-PTM), especially those with diabetes mellitus. Method begins with interviews with health cadres in the Bulustalan village area, followed by early detection programs and fitness exercises.&#x0D; Results:. Result The health checks carried out were anthropometric measurements in the form of height, weight, abdominal circumference, blood pressure measurements and temporary blood sugar measurements. Of the 50 residents who participated in the DD-PTM implementation, as many as 24% of the residents (12 people) just found out that they had pre-diabetes mellitus, 16% (8 people) already knew that they had hypertension and diabetes mellitus, as many as 6% (3 people) ) had an abdominal circumference of more than 100 cm, 54% (27 people) were in good health. Conclusion: Early detection of non-communicable diseases is very important to prevent further complications.&#x0D; Keywords:

PEMANFAATAN UML (UNIFIED MODELING LANGUAGE) DALAM PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI REKAM MEDIS SEDERHANA PADA KEGIATAN POSBINDU PTM

The Integrated Non-Communicable Diseases Development Post (Posbindu NCD) is a form of health empowerment and public knowledge about non-communicable diseases that have a greater risk. In this Posbindu NCD, of course there are activities and steps that have been determined. The purpose of this study was to determine the concept of Posbindu NCD itself and the use of UML (Unified Modelling Language) to develop a simple medical record information system. The use of UML is done because in the characteristics of UML there is the possibility of identification of any objects that affect the system. The research method used is literature review and interviews with cadres on duty. Meanwhile, the journal criteria used are in the 2011-2020 range. The results of this study indicate that Posbindu NCD is very useful for early detection of non-communicable diseases and the use of UML to develop a simple medical record information system is very efficient.)

58. EVALUATION OF NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASE INTEGRATED HEALTH POST CADRES PERFORMATION IN USING DIGITAL TENSIMETER IN CILAYUNG AND CIPACING VILLAGE

Posyandu cadres in Cilayung and Cipacing villages have received training in early detection of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), namely blood pressure measurements using digital tensimeter in the last two years. This study aims to determine the cadres performation in measuring blood pressure. This research was conducted at the NCDs Integrated Health Post in Cilayung and Cipacing villages with a total sample of 15 posyandu cadres determined by convenience sampling method. Cadres performance was measured by matching the training procedures with the stages carried out by the cadres in the field in measuring blood pressure using digital tensimeter. Measurements were taken blindly ten times (unknown to the cadre), then randomization was carried out and taken three times with simple random method with the provision that seven initial procedures must be carried out in all three measurements because the seven initial procedures affected the measurement results. Frequency is used to describe the cadres performation in using digital tensimeter. The results of the data analysis showed that all units did not take blood pressure measurements according to the procedure. This is mainly due to no a single cadre being able to perform the third procedure, which is to rest for ten minutes and not smoking or consuming tea and coffee in the last thirty minutes. The results of this study show how important this evaluation process is and it is necessary to conduct an in-depth evaluation of the cadre's reasons and the provision of retraining especially in the step that often passed by cadres.

Manajemen Deteksi Dini Faktor Resiko Penyakit Tidak Menular (PTM)

Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) is one of the causes of death in the world. Indonesia is a developing country that is facing a double burden of diseases, namely infectious diseases and non-communicable diseases. NCD can appear without symptoms and show no clinical signs, so many people are not aware of the dangers of NCD disease. The purpose of this comunity service is to provide counseling about NCD and measure blood pressure in an effort to detect NCD Early.This community service uses counseling as a method to increases partner knowledge in early detection of NCD. The average of partners knowledge increase by 42.6%. This is calculated by comparing the pre test average value of 5.70 and the post test average value of 8.20. Implementation of community service can increase the knowledge of the elderly posyandu group of Sokaraja Kulon Village so that the participants have the desire to prevent NCD and find out blood pressure from blood pressure measurement results in order to reduce the causes of non-communicable diseases (NCD) and have the intention to inform knowledge about Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) to Family, Relatives and Communities.Keywords :Early Detection,Non-Communicable Diseases

Program Gerakan Masyarakat Hidup Sehat (Germas) dan Deteksi Dini Penyakit Tidak Menular (PTM)

Effective prevention and control of PTM requires effective interaction between health care facilities from the primary level to the referral level, which includes promotive, curative, palliative and rehabilitative prevention of PTM cases. All first-level health service facilities must be staged in stages to be able to manage PTM in an integrated manner with a focus on families. The aim of the activity is to increase awareness, willingness and the ability of people to behave in healthy living and early detection of non-communicable diseases.&#x0D; Methods lectures, questions and answers, blood pressure measurement, blood sugar testing, gout, measurement of body weight, height, fruit eating movements and stretching exercises. Target audience Age ≥ 15 years and over, obesity has a history of suffering from hypertension and DM. The number of participants is 56.&#x0D; The results of this community service showed that out of 56 people, 25% had a waist circumference &gt;90cm, identified 66% had hypertension, 39.3% identified symptoms of diabetes mellitus until they were identified as having diabetes mellitus.&#x0D; Conclusion not all people willing to do a health check. It is recommended to the health department so that the results of community service activities can be followed up by the Health Service through the nearest Puskesmas so that people who are detected as having non-communicable diseases (PTM) can be immediately dealt with.

Quantification of the sensitivity of early detection surveillance.

Early detection surveillance is used for various purposes, including the early detection of non‐communicable diseases (e.g. cancer screening), of unusual increases of disease frequency (e.g. influenza or pertussis outbreaks), and the first occurrence of a disease in a previously free population. This latter purpose is particularly important due to the high consequences and cost of delayed detection of a disease moving to a new population. Quantifying the sensitivity of early detection surveillance allows important aspects of the performance of different systems, approaches and authorities to be evaluated, compared and improved. While quantitative evaluation of the sensitivity of other branches of surveillance has been available for many years, development has lagged in the area of early detection, arguably one of the most important purposes of surveillance. This paper, using mostly animal health examples, develops a simple approach to quantifying the sensitivity of early detection surveillance, in terms of population coverage, temporal coverage and detection sensitivity. This approach is extended to quantify the benefits of risk‐based approaches to early detection surveillance. Population‐based clinical surveillance (based on either farmers and their veterinarians, or patients and their local health services) provides the best combination of sensitivity, practicality and cost‐effectiveness. These systems can be significantly enhanced by removing disincentives to reporting, for instance by implementing effective strategies to improve farmer awareness and engagement with health services and addressing the challenges of well‐intentioned disease notification policies that inadvertently impose barriers to reporting.