Early Bleb Leak Research Articles

Resultados de una técnica quirúrgica de trabeculectomía ab-externo modificada en pacientes con glaucoma de ángulo abierto

ObjectiveAssess the safety and efficacy of a modified ab-external trabeculectomy surgical technique in controlling intraocular pressure (IOP) in open-angle glaucoma patients. Methods and analysisPatients diagnosed with primary or secondary open-angle glaucoma underwent this modified technique as the first filtering surgical treatment were included. The preoperative and final follow-up assessed IOP, hypotensive medications, the need for additional treatments, and early and late complications. ResultsForty-eight eyes of 38 patients were included. The mean age was 63.1 years (25-85 years), and the follow-up time was 35.3 months (range of 1-147 months). The mean preoperative IOP was 25.21±3.48mmHg and 15.83±4.4mmHg by the follow-up end. Subsequent laser goniopuncture was performed on 14 eyes (29%) and needling in 4 eyes (8.4%). Complete success was achieved in 18 eyes (37.5%), qualified success in 17 (35.4%), and failed in 13 eyes (27.1%). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis shows a success rate of 81.7% at two years and 54.9% from year 4 to year 12. Multivariate analysis with generalized estimating equations (GEE) shows younger age as the main predictor for failure. Two eyes had choroidal detachment, three eyes progressed to cataracts that needed surgery, and five eyes had early bleb leaks. ConclusionsThis proposed technique is an effective surgical procedure for treating open-angle glaucoma with effective long-term IOP control and a low incidence of surgical complications and could be used in selected complex cases based on these results.

Results of a modified ab-external trabeculectomy surgical technique in patients with open angle glaucoma

ObjectiveAssess the safety and efficacy of a Modified Ab-externo Trabeculectomy surgical technique in controlling intraocular pressure (IOP) in open-angle glaucoma patients. Methods and analysisPatients diagnosed with primary or secondary open-angle glaucoma underwent this modified technique as the first filtering surgical treatment were included. The preoperative and final follow-up assessed IOP, hypotensive medications, the need for additional treatments, and early and late complications. ResultsForty-eight eyes of 38 patients were included. The mean age was 63.1 years (25–85 years), and the mean follow-up time was 35.3 months (range of 1147 months). The mean preoperative IOP was 25.21±3.48mmHg and 15.83±4.4mmHg by the follow-up end. Subsequent laser goniopuncture was performed on 14 eyes (29%) and needling in 4 eyes (8.4%). Complete success was achieved in 18 eyes (37.5%), qualified success in 17 (35.4%), and failed in 13 eyes (27.1%). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis shows a success rate of 81.7% at two years and 54.9% from year 4 to year 12. Multivariate analysis with generalized estimating equations (GEE) shows younger age as the main predictor for failure. Two eyes had choroidal detachment, three eyes progressed to cataracts that needed surgery, and five eyes had early bleb leaks. ConclusionsThis proposed technique is an effective surgical procedure for treating open-angle glaucoma with effective long-term IOP control and a low incidence of surgical complications and could be used in selected complex cases based on these results.

Outcomes of surgical bleb revision at a tertiary Singapore eye hospital.

To describe the outcomes of surgical bleb revisions from a tertiary glaucoma service in Singapore. One hundred and thirty-one eyes of 129 patients who underwent surgical bleb revisions at the Singapore National Eye Centre between 2007 and 2014 were included in the study. The indications for bleb revision were: bleb-related infection (BRI), early and late bleb leak, early and late overfiltration, and bleb dysesthesia. Regression analysis was applied to elucidate risk factors. The mean age of the patients was 66years, 62.6% were male, and 88.5% were Chinese. The majority of the eyes had primary glaucoma (79.4%). The mean interval from the initial trabeculectomy or phaco-trabeculectomy to the bleb revision was 58.8months. The overall success rate was 69.5%. By Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, the overall cumulative success range fell from 78.6% to 49.1% over 10years. Eyes with early bleb leak had lower surgical success compared to eyes with late bleb leak, early overfiltration and late overfiltration (P = 0.026, log-rank test). The IOP improved significantly post-operatively for eyes with BRI, early bleb leak, late bleb leak, early overfiltration and overfiltration (P < 0.05). Vision improved significantly in eyes with early overfiltration, but deteriorated in eyes with BRI (P < 0.05). The overall success rate for surgical bleb revisions was good with complete resolution of the primary problem in the majority of cases. However, eyes with early bleb leak were less likely to have successful outcomes and should be monitored more closely post-operatively.

Primary Trabeculectomy Outcomes by Glaucoma Fellows in a Tertiary Hospital in Brazil.

To examine outcomes of trabeculectomy with mitomycin C for uncontrolled glaucoma when performed by glaucoma trainee surgeons. Retrospective case series of patients who underwent trabeculectomy with mitomycin C. Primary outcome was to assess the rate of failure, which was defined as intraocular pressure in 2 consecutive visits >18 or <5 mm Hg or intraocular pressure reduction <30% from baseline, additional glaucoma surgery, or loss of light perception. The secondary outcome was to investigate risk factors for failure and surgical complications. One hundred forty-three eyes from 126 glaucoma patients underwent primary trabeculectomy between 2013 and 2014 at University of Campinas. Mean follow-up time was 1.47±0.96 years. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed cumulative survival rates of 70.1%, 62.5%, and 57.8%, after 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively. Multivariate analysis with generalized estimating equations revealed that neovascular glaucoma [odd ratios (OR): 5.05, P=0.043], suture lysis (OR: 8.89, P=0.011), and early bleb leak (OR: 4.63, P=0.011) were risk factors for failure. A success rate of approximately 60% was obtained 3 years after primary trabeculectomy performed by trainees. Patients with neovascular glaucoma, who underwent suture lysis and who presented an early bleb leak had an increased risk for failure during follow-up.

Intermediate Term Outcomes of Early Posttrabeculectomy Bleb Leaks Managed by Large Diameter Soft Bandage Contact Lens

To study the outcomes of large diameter soft bandage contact lens (BCL) in managing early trabeculectomy bleb leak. Of 972 eyes that underwent fornix-based trabeculectomy between 2011 and 2015, 19 eyes with bleb leak with at least 1 year follow-up were eligible. Bleb leak was conservatively managed using large diameter BCL (≥15.5 mm in diameter). Success was defined as complete, if bleb leak resolved and the intraocular pressure (IOP) was ≥5 and ≤18 mm Hg with no additional antiglaucoma medication and failure if surgical intervention was needed. Mean age (±SD) of subjects was 43.5±11.9 years. Mitomycin C was used in 15/19 eyes. Median time (interquartile range) from trabeculectomy to bleb leak was 9 days (interquartile range: 8 to 19 d). Bleb leak was treated with 15.5 mm BCL in 16 eyes and 17 mm lens in 3 eyes. Bleb leak resolved with BCL in 17 [89.5%; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 68.6-97] and 2 eyes (10.5%; 95% CI, 2-31) required bleb resuturing. Mean duration of BCL wear for bleb leak resolution was 23.7±8.9 days. Mean IOP increased from 5.8±2.7 to 12.5±3.1 mm Hg after resolution of bleb leak (P<0.05). At 16 months, complete success probability of trabeculectomy was 89.4% (95% CI, 75.6%-100%). Large diameter BCL was effective in the management of early bleb leak with good intermediate term success for IOP control. We suggest a trial of soft contact lens of appropriate diameter to manage early bleb leaks, before planning any invasive intervention.

Cyanoacrylate tissue glue for wound repair in early posttrabeculectomy conjunctival bleb leak: a case series.

We demonstrated a noninvasive management of early bleb leak following trabeculectomy using cyanoacrylate tissue glue (CATG). Three patients who underwent augmented trabeculectomy with mitomycin C with early bleb leak between January 2009 and June 2010 were reviewed. Case 1 and Case 2 exhibited bleb leak on postoperative Day 1 and Case 3 showed leak on follow-up at postoperative Day 7. Case 1 was successfully sealed with CATG at postoperative Day 3, after failed pressure padding and bandage contact lens. Case 2 was successfully sealed with CATG at postoperative Day 3, after failed pressure padding and conjunctiva flap resuturing. In Case 3, the leaking conjunctival flap was managed with combined techniques of resuturing and applying CATG at postoperative Day 9, after failed pressure padding. During leakage, the intraocular pressure was low (6–8 mmHg) in all three cases, with shallow anterior chamber depth and absence of other complications such as choroidal detachment, hypotony maculopathy, or endophthalmitis. Foreign body sensation was the main complaint following the procedure. No clinical allergy reaction was documented. CATG may serve as a potential adjunctive and effective method in the management of posttrabeculectomy early bleb leak.

Beneficial effects of preoperative intravitreal bevacizumab on trabeculectomy outcomes in neovascular glaucoma

This study aimed to investigate the effects of preoperative intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) on outcomes in trabeculectomy for neovascular glaucoma (NVG). Charts for 52 NVG eyes of 52 consecutive patients who received primary trabeculectomy with mitomycin C (MMC) were reviewed. Postoperative follow-up periods for all patients were > or = 4 months. Thirty-two consecutive eyes were treated without IVB (control group) and 20 consecutive eyes received IVB (1.25 mg) 10 +/- 11 days before trabeculectomy (IVB group). The main outcome measures were postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) and incidence of postoperative complications. Surgical success was defined as IOP< 21 mmHg with or without medication (qualified or complete success, respectively). Failure was defined as IOP exceeding these criteria, phthisis bulbi, loss of light perception or additional glaucoma surgeries. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis with the log-rank test was performed to compare surgical success rates between the two groups. Complete and qualified success rates at 6 months were 95% versus 50% and 95% versus 75% in the IVB and control groups, respectively. The IVB group achieved significantly better surgical success rates than the control group (complete success, p < 0.001; qualified success, p = 0.026). Postoperative hyphaema on day 1 or hyphaema with a duration of > 1 week occurred significantly less frequently in the IVB group than in the control group (p = 0.009, p = 0.014, respectively). The incidence of serious complications such as endophthalmitis, phthisis bulbi and a marked decrease in visual acuity did not increase in the IVB group. This retrospective study showed that preoperative IVB decreased postoperative hyphaema and increased surgical success rates, and thus may be an effective adjunct to trabeculectomy in NVG.

Early bleb leak after trabeculectomy and prognosis for bleb failure

To determine whether early bleb leak after MMC trabeculectomy affects intermediate intraocular pressure (IOP) outcome. Retrospective case note review. All cases of MMC trabeculectomy with at least 1-year follow-up were included. Cases where a bleb leak occurred within the first month were identified. All cases without an early bleb leak formed the control group. Patient demographics and clinical factors were analysed to determine any factors predisposing to bleb leakage. IOPs were compared for 1 year postoperatively and final follow-up. A total of 119 trabeculectomies were included. Of these 27 (22.7%) had an early bleb leak. The remaining 92 cases formed the control group. Mean age of cases was 70.7 years. Mean follow-up time was 19.5 months. Mean time of detection of the bleb leak was 9 days (range 1-21 days). Four cases (14.8%) were managed by primary resuturing. Thirteen cases (48.1%) were managed conservatively with a bandage contact lens. Ten cases (37.0%) resolved with expectant management. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups with regards to IOP measurement at any time point. Intervention rates were similar with regards to bleb massage, 5-fluorouracil injection, and needling revision. No factors were identified between the two groups that predisposed to bleb leaks occurring. Our data suggest that early bleb leak is not a poor prognostic indicator for intermediate bleb survival and IOP control in patients undergoing MMC trabeculectomy. No additional bleb manipulations compared with the control group were required to achieve a satisfactory IOP outcome.

Bleb needle redirection for the treatment of early postoperative trabeculectomy leaks: a novel approach

Background: This study describes a technique of bleb needling as a management of early postoperative limbal bleb leaks unresponsive to conservative management. This technique redirects the aqueous into a newly formed bleb, sealing the leak easily and rapidly. Methods: Medical records of patients with early bleb leaks after trabeculectomy or phacotrabeculectomy between November 2004 and September 2005 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients whose bleb leaks were unresponsive to conservative management and who underwent needling procedures were identified and studied further. Results: Six of 18 patients who had early bleb leaks did not respond to conservative treatment and underwent a needle redirection of their blebs, which sealed within a few days after needling. The mean follow-up time of this group was 6 months. The mean preoperative vision was 20/50 with a mean preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) of 27 using 2.8 medications, and this improved postoperatively and postneedling to a vision of 20/30 with a mean IOP of 11 using 0.16 medications. Interpretation: Bleb needling with subsequent redirection of aqueous into a new bleb should be considered as an option in the treatment of limbal leaks after a trabeculectomy that does not respond to conservative treatment.

Predictive Value of Early IOP in Mitomycin-C Augmented Trabeculectomy

To determine whether early intraocular pressure (IOP) after mitomycin-C (MMC) augmented trabeculectomy has any predictive value for intermediate IOP outcome. Retrospective case note review. All cases of trabeculectomy using MMC augmentation and at least 1-year follow-up during the study period were included. Cases where a bleb leak occurred were excluded from the analysis. Only first eyes operated upon during the study period were included. Patient demographics and postoperative course were documented and analyzed. Early IOP measurements at day 1, day 7, and month 1 postoperatively were correlated to IOP at 1 year or final follow-up. One hundred nineteen trabeculectomies were identified. Of these 27 (22.7%) had an early bleb leak and were excluded. Further analysis was carried out on the remaining 92 cases. Mean age of cases was 70.8 years. Nine cases (9.8%) were repeat trabeculectomies. Mean follow-up time was 18.5 months (range 12 to 60 mo). Patients with a final IOP of < or =16 mm Hg (without drops or further surgery) (unqualified successes) had a mean day 1 IOP of 12.5 mm Hg compared with 17.4 mm Hg in those with an IOP more than 16 mm Hg at final follow-up (P=0.02). Patients with a final IOP of < or =16 mm Hg (with or without drops) (qualified successes) had mean day 1 IOP of 13.3 mm Hg compared with 17.1 mm Hg in those with an IOP of >16 mm Hg at final follow-up (P=0.06). At 1 month the mean IOPs were 10.7 mm Hg and 19.5 mm Hg, respectively (P<0.001). By logistic regression analysis at final recorded visit those cases in the lowest IOP quartile at 1 month were 14 times more likely to have an IOP < or =16 mm Hg without treatment than those in the highest quartile at 1 month. Our data suggests that a low early postoperative IOP measurement is a predictive factor for IOP value and success after intermediate length follow-up in patients undergoing trabeculectomy surgery augmented with MMC.

TRABECULECTOMY

Objective: To compare the final outcome of management of early bleb leak after trabeculectomy bypressure patching versus bleb stitch repair. Setting: Department of Ophthalmology Allied hospital/ Punjab MedicalCollege Faisalabad. Study Design: Interventional Therapeutic Trial and prospective. Period: May 1999 to July 2003.Materials and Methods: 110 glaucoma patients who developed complications after trabeculectomy were included inthe study. The occurrence of relative frequency of various complications was noted. Out of these 110 patients, 44patients having early wound leak were further selected for the study. They were divided into two groups A and B. Awas treated with pressure patching for 48 hrs while B was treated with stitch repair with 10 0/0 Nylon. The final outcomeof the results of management was noted and compared. Results: the frequency of various complications aftertrabeculectomy in 110 patients were found to be early wound leak 43.64 %, failed trabeculectomy 38.18%, hyphema6.36%, cataract 3.64%, blebitis 3.64%, tenon’s cyst 1.82%, malignant glaucoma 1.82%, scleral flap disinsertion 0.9%.The success rate in Group A was 59.1% while in Group B it was 86.4% while the failure rate remained in Group A40.9% while in Group B 13.6%. Conclusion: The success rate for managing wound leak after trabeculectomy wasbetter in repairing the bleb as compared to pressure patching (significant at p&lt; 0.05).