Early Awareness Research Articles

An Analysis of the Relationship between Binge Eating Disorder and Metabolic Disorders in Adults

The incidence of binge eating disorder (BED) has dramatically increased in recent years, leading to increased rates of psychiatric and medical comorbidities such as obesity and diabetes. Metabolic disorders are a series of metabolic dysfunctions, represented by central obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidaemia. This literature review aims to explore the relationship between BED and metabolic disorders in adults, helping to raise early awareness of these issues. PubMed was used as the exclusive database for its comprehensive and authoritative medical content. The review includes 13 peer-reviewed articles from the past decade, excluding studies on animals and children due to significant differences in BED characteristics across age groups and species. The focus remains on adult populations, as studies on gender or age effects showed no significant impact. Overall, BED has a strong relationship with metabolic disorders; people with BED will have higher risks for visceral obesity and Type 2 diabetes, whereas the limitations of research, such as further research on the complexity of BED, should be improved, and some people have opposite opinions, indicating a need for further in-depth investigation.

Early Peanut Introduction Awareness, Beliefs, and Practices Among Parents and Caregivers

Early Peanut Introduction Awareness, Beliefs, and Practices Among Parents and Caregivers

Web Application for Diabetes Prediction using Machine Learning Techniques

The objective of this project is to predict a person's risk of having diabetes by utilizing Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithms in an intuitive web application interface. This application attempts to provide accurate and reasonable predictions by using input health parameters (number of pregnancies, blood pressure, glucose level, insulin level, age, skin thickness, diabetes pedigree function, etc.) that users provide via a graphical user interface (GUI). By combining the power of SVM with user-friendly web technology, the project endeavors to enhance accessibility to predictive healthcare tools. The seamless integration of Machine Learning into a web application facilitates a simple and effective method for diabetes prediction, which could aid people in making accurate choices regarding their health. By promoting preventive measures and giving people early awareness, this initiative hopes to support proactive healthcare.

Beyond the Binary: Exploring the Lived Experiences of Gender Dysphoric Adolescents in Indonesia

Introduction: Gender dysphoria among adolescents is increasingly recognized globally, yet research on the lived experiences of transgender youth in Indonesia remains limited. This study aimed to explore the unique challenges, coping mechanisms, and support needs of Indonesian adolescents navigating gender dysphoria within a sociocultural context characterized by traditional gender norms and limited access to specialized healthcare. Methods: In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 adolescents (aged 13-19) who identified as experiencing gender dysphoria. Participants were recruited through LGBTQ+ youth organizations and community centers in Jakarta and Surabaya. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify key themes and patterns within their narratives. Results: Four major themes emerged: (1) Early Recognition and Internal Conflict: Participants described an early awareness of their gender identity incongruence, often accompanied by feelings of confusion, shame, and fear due to societal expectations and potential rejection. (2) Navigating Disclosure and Social Support: Coming out to family and peers was a significant challenge, with varied responses ranging from acceptance to rejection. Support networks, primarily found within online communities and LGBTQ+ organizations, played a crucial role in fostering resilience. (3) Barriers to Accessing Healthcare: Participants reported significant obstacles in accessing gender-affirming care, including limited availability of specialized healthcare providers, financial constraints, and lack of family support. (4) Resilience and Hope for the Future: Despite the challenges, participants expressed resilience, hope, and a strong desire to live authentically. They emphasized the importance of self-acceptance, peer support, and advocacy for greater understanding and acceptance of gender diversity in Indonesia. Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights into the experiences of gender dysphoric adolescents in Indonesia. Findings highlight the urgent need for increased awareness, improved access to gender-affirming care, and supportive interventions to promote the well-being of this vulnerable population.

Pregnancy, aortic events, and neonatal and maternal outcomes.

This study aimed to evaluate the association between pregnancy and aortic complications and determine related maternal and neonatal outcomes. Records of pregnancies and neonatal deliveries from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database from 2000 to 2020 were retrieved. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) was calculated to evaluate the risk factors for aortic events. Survival analysis was conducted to compare maternal and neonatal mortality with and without aortic events. A total of 4 785 266 pregnancies were identified among 2 833 271 childbearing women, and 2 852 449 delivered neonates. In the vulnerable and control periods, 57 and 20 aortic events occurred, resulting in incidence rates of 1.19 and 0.42 aortic events per 100 000 pregnancies, respectively. Pregnancy was established as a risk factor for aortic events (IRR: 2.86, P < .001). The 1-year maternal mortality rate was significantly higher in pregnancies with aortic events than in those without such events (19.3% vs. 0.05%, P < .001). Neonates whose mothers experienced aortic events had a higher late mortality (6.3% vs. 0.6%, P < .001). The association between pregnancy and aortic events was established in this study. The results revealed that women are at risk of aortic events from the gestational period to 1-year postpartum. Maternal mortality was significantly higher in pregnancies with aortic events than in those without. A higher late mortality and more complications were noted for neonatal deliveries with maternal aortic events. Early awareness of pregnant women at risk of aortic events-especially those with concomitant hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, contributive family histories, or aortopathy-is crucial.

A comparative analysis of national dementia plans: preventive strategies in five European countries

Abstract Background About 8.5% of people aged +65 live with dementia in Europe. Preventive measures can avert up to 40% of cases. The aim of the study is to analyse National Dementia Plans (NDP) in Europe, to elicit how much dementia prevention is considered a priority and whether policies are evidence-based. Methods A qualitative comparative analysis was performed between NDPs of countries with the best healthy life expectancy in the elderly in Europe. The NDPs of France, Ireland, Italy, Spain, and Sweden were included. The consensus on actions and elements of prevention policies was evaluated, according to the WHO recommendations and to Cheung’s framework designed for evaluating chronic diseases policies. Results All the NDPs prioritised early diagnosis, public awareness, and community engagement for dementia risk reduction. They fostered the development of information system for data collection and established committees for progress monitoring. However, not all NDPs defined timelines for policy implementation and most of them expired years ago. NDPs included prevention research agenda, but their preventive actions did not address alcohol consumption, traumatic brain injury, and air pollution, representing 3 well-known risk factors attributable for the 15% of preventable cases. Neither integration of dementia with other chronic disease preventive strategies was present and a clear allocation of funds for NDPs always missed. Conclusions NDPs partially address risk factors of preventable cases. All countries need to update their NDPs, integrating new scientific evidence and allocating clear financial funds. This can potentially prevent millions of new cases, decreasing the burden of disease and improving the sustainability of health systems. Key messages • NDPs do not target adequately dementia in Europe. • New evidence-based preventive policies, including most recent identified risk factors, would have a clear impact on burden of disease and health systems’ sustainability.

유아기 자녀를 둔 부모의 제품구매 태도가 ESG 교육 및 홍보 필요도에 미치는 영향: ESG 중요성의 매개효과

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of parents with young children's product purchasing attitudes on the need for ESG (environmental, social, and governance) education and promotion. Additionally, the study aims to explore the mediating effect of ESG importance in this relationship Methods The study participants consisted of 254 parents with young children residing in Seoul, Gyeonggi, Chungcheong, and Gyeongsang. The trends and normality of the research variables, as well as their reliability coefficients, were examined using SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 23.0. The relationships among the research variables were analyzed using Pearson's correlation analysis. Additionally, structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to examine the structural relationships. Furthermore, the mediating effect was investigated using the bootstrapping method. Results The research findings are as follows. First, the mean of the research variables was above 4.0, indicating high levels. Additionally, the data met the assumption of normality. Second, the findings indicate a positive correlation between the need for ESG education and promotion and product purchasing attitudes, as well as the importance of ESG and its subfactors, which include environmental importance, social importance and governance importance. Third, the results revealed that attitudes towards product purchasing had a statistically significant impact on the importance of ESG and the need for ESG education. However, attitudes towards product purchasing did not have a statistically significant impact on the necessity of promoting ESG. Additionally, the importance of ESG was found to influence both the need for ESG education and the need for ESG promotion. Fourth, in the process where attitudes towards product purchasing influence the need for ESG education, the importance of ESG partially mediates the relationship. However, in the case of the need for promoting ESG(environmental, social, governance) practices, the importance of ESG fully mediates the relationship. Conclusions The research findings suggest the importance of promoting early awareness of the concept of ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) through play.Additionally, the study aims to propose practical approaches to promoteESGpractices, distinguishing between initiatives focused on thehomeenvironment and collaboration in early childhood education.

Cognition in (pre)symptomatic Dutch-type hereditary and sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy.

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a main cause of cognitive dysfunction in the elderly. We investigated specific cognitive profiles, cognitive function in the stage before intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and the association between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) burden in CAA because data on these topics are limited. We included Dutch-type hereditary CAA (D-CAA) mutation carriers with and without ICH, patients with sporadic CAA (sCAA), and age-matched controls. Cognition was measured with a standardized test battery. Linear regression was performed to assess the association between MRI-cSVD burden and cognition. D-CAA ICH- mutation carriers exhibited poorer global cognition and executive function compared to age-matched controls. Patients with sCAA performed worse across all cognitive domains compared to D-CAA ICH+ mutation carriers and age-matched controls. MRI-cSVD burden is associated with decreased processing speed. CAA is associated with dysfunction in multiple cognitive domains, even before ICH, with increased MRI-cSVD burden being associated with slower processing speed. Cognitive dysfunction is present in early disease stages of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) before the occurrence of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH). Presymptomatic Dutch-type CAA (D-CAA) mutation carriers show worse cognition than age-matched controls. More early awareness of cognitive dysfunction in CAA before first sICH is needed. Increased cerebral small vessel disease CAA-burden on magnetic resonance imaging is linked to a decrease in processing speed.

Juvenile Myopia: The Silent Vision Understanding, Preventing, and Managing Childhood Myopia

Juvenile myopia, a significant visual impairment characterized by blurred distance vision, is increasingly prevalent among Indian children. This review explores the multifactorial etiology of myopia, including genetic predisposition, environmental influences, and lifestyle factors such as prolonged near work and limited outdoor activities. The pathophysiology involves abnormal eye elongation driven by genetic and environmental factors, leading to refractive errors. Clinical manifestations include blurry distance vision, squinting, eye strain, and headaches, impacting academic performance and quality of life. Emphasis on early detection, parental awareness, and adherence to treatment protocols is crucial in controlling myopia progression and preventing long-term complications such as retinal detachment, myopic maculopathy, and glaucoma. This review underscores the need for comprehensive public health strategies to address the growing burden of juvenile myopia in India. Juvenile myopia is rapidly becoming a significant public health concern in India, with increasing prevalence driven by lifestyle changes, urbanization, and academic pressures. This systematic review aims to examine the prevalence, risk factors, and interventions for childhood myopia, with a focus on understanding the silent nature of this condition, identifying early prevention strategies, and outlining management techniques to curb its progression.

Variability Effects of Meteorological Factors on Reported Malaria Cases in Kano and Lagos States of Nigeria

Abstract: Malaria is one of life’s threatening disease that contributed significantly to morbidity and mortality in Nigeria. The variability effects of meteorological factors between the Northern and Southern region of Nigeria on malaria transmission remain unclear and not well researched. This research was aimed at comparing the non-linear effects of seasonal, trend and meteorological variables on monthly malaria cases in Kano and Lagos State of Nigeria. The monthly malaria cases for age group above 5-year for Kano and Lagos State were obtained from DHIS for the period of January, 2016 to December, 2022. Also, the predictors/meteorological variables (Rainfall, Relative Humidity, Minimum Temperature and Maximum Temperature) were obtained from Nigeria Meteorological Agent. Generalized Additive Model was fitted using Negative Binomial to apply smooth function to estimate and compare the effects of the selected predictors on the malaria transmission in Kano and Lagos States. Rainfall and Maximum temperature were found not significant in explaining the effect of malaria transmission. Malaria transmission was found to be seasonal and varying in Kano State with highest transmission between September and October while the seasonal effect was reduced to linear in Lagos State. The long term trend had a significant increasing effect on malaria transmission in Kano Sate compared to non-significant effect in Lagos State. The effect of Relative Humidity was reduced to linear and increasing in the both State. Paying attention to the variability in the influence of season, trend and meteorological variables on malaria transmission will enhance respective State Government to develop an early warning and awareness that will help in controlling the malaria outbreak in their State.

Risk factors for positive cervical cytology during early pregnancy screening and awareness of positive cytological results in Japan: a report from the Pregnant Women Health Initiative.

Cervical cancer screening rates are low in Japan. Therefore, when a woman is pregnant, this is a good opportunity to visit an obstetrics and gynecology clinic to have cervical cytology. This study aimed to clarify the association between cervical cancer screening and the management of pregnant women's health. We prospectively examined the relationships between cervical cytological results during prenatal checkups and the following factors: participant's background, cytological sampling instruments, and awareness of cytological results. Of the 2725 participants, 71 showed abnormal results defined as atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or higher grade (ASC-US+). ASC-US+ detection rates were higher in smokers, younger participants, those with a low education, those without cancer screening in the past 2 years, and those who received cytology using a spatula or brush. A multivariable logistic regression analysis identified smoking (adjusted odds ratio: 2.99 [95% confidence interval: 1.41-6.33]) and a spatula/brush (adjusted odds ratio: 2.46 [95% confidence interval: 1.09-5.53]) as independent variables associated with detecting ASC-US+. Among the participants, 39.4% (28/71) self-reported "no abnormalities," despite obtaining an ASC-US+ result. Pre-pregnancy smoking and cytological sampling tools may contribute to detecting ASC-US+. Patients with detected abnormalities need accurate information and reliable follow-up.

Socioeconomic Status and Major Adverse Transplant Events in Pediatric Heart Transplant Recipients

Low socioeconomic status (SES) has been associated with higher risk of rejection and graft loss in pediatric heart transplant (HT) recipients. The association of SES with other posttransplant morbidities is unknown. To assess whether low SES is associated with higher risk of a major adverse transplant event (MATE) among pediatric HT recipients. Retrospective single-center cohort study at a children's hospital in Boston with consecutive primary HT recipients from 2006 to 2019 and follow-up through 2022. Data were analyzed from June 2023 to March 2024. Very low or low, moderate, and high or very high Childhood Opportunity Index (COI) for neighborhood (census tract) of patient residence. Primary outcome was 3-year MATE-6 score assessed in 6-month survivors as cumulative burden of acute cellular rejection, antibody-mediated rejection, coronary vasculopathy, lymphoproliferative disease, kidney dysfunction, and infection, each as an ordinal score from 0 to 4 (24 for death or retransplant). Secondary outcomes were freedom from rejection during first 6 months, freedom from death or retransplant, MATE-3 score for events 1 to 3 (under immune suppression) and events 4 to 6 (chronic immune suppression effects), and each MATE component. Of 153 children analyzed, the median (IQR) age at HT was 7.2 (1.5-14.8) years, 99 (65%) were male, 16 (10%) were Black, 17 (11%) were Hispanic, and 106 (69%) were White. Fifty patients (33%) lived in very low or low, 17 (11%) in moderate, and 86 (56%) in high or very high COI neighborhoods. There was no significant group difference in mean (SD) 3-year MATE-6 score (very low or low COI, 3.4 [6.5]; moderate COI, 2.4 [6.3]; and high or very high COI, 4.0 [6.9]). Furthermore, there was no group difference in mean (SD) MATE-3 scores for underimmune suppression (very low or low COI, 1.9 [3.5]; moderate COI, 1.2 [3.2]; and high or very high COI, 2.2 [3.6]), chronic immune suppression effects (very low or low COI, 1.6 [3.3]; moderate COI, 1.1 [3.2]; and high or very high COI, 1.8 [3.6]), individual MATE components, rejection during the first 6 months, or death or retransplant. In this cohort study of pediatric HT recipients, there was no difference in posttransplant outcomes among recipients stratified by SES, a notable improvement from prior studies. These findings may be explained by state-level health reform, standardized posttransplant care, and early awareness of outcome disparities.

Early Childhood Development Awareness and Practices of Family Physicians According to Healthcare Service Affiliation: Primary versus Secondary and Tertiary

Early Childhood Development Awareness and Practices of Family Physicians According to Healthcare Service Affiliation: Primary versus Secondary and Tertiary

Atypical presentations of RECQL4-related syndromes.

RECQL4-related syndromes are a group of rare cancer-predisposition syndromes caused by biallelic pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants (PV/LPV) in the DNA helicase gene, RECQL4. Genetic testing is typically prompted by the presence of one or more hallmark clinical features, and in the absence of such manifestations, diagnosis may be delayed or even missed. We describe five patients with biallelic germline mutations in RECQL4 who presented atypically, without the hallmark clinical manifestations of this syndrome. Three of these patients developed osteosarcoma, underscoring the importance of recognizing atypical presentations of Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS) to allow for early awareness and surveillance for cancer.

Adjustment of the Height Triangular Fuzzy Regression as Early Awareness of Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is the most popular malignancy among Malaysian women. In Malaysia, approximately one in every 19 women is at risk. Breast cancer is the most common cancer among Malaysian women (32.9%), followed by colorectal (11.9%) and ovarian cancers (7.2%). Many cases are found to be advanced, with considerable tumour development or metastasis to untreatable locations and unaware of the factors. This study aims to determine the best height triangular fuzzy regression model by adjustment between 0 – 1 and measure the value of statistical error using mean square error (MSE) and root mean square error (RMSE). Secondary data was used where 569 patients having BREAST cancer and receiving treatment in hospitals was recorded by nurses and doctors. The patient data for breast cancer were analysed using MATLAB, SPSS, and Microsoft Excel. Based on the results, H = 0 of fuzzy linear regression is the best model to predict the breast cancer awareness with lowest value of MSE and RMSE by 1.455 and 1.206 respectively. Malaysians must be aware of the warning factors of breast cancer to increase survival and minimise death rates.

Children’s perceptions of intergroup similarity and dissimilarity and their association with attitudes towards a conflict out-group

Children’s perceptions of similarity and dissimilarity between in- and out-groups and their associations with intergroup attitudes were examined. Using mixed qualitative and quantitative methods, 5- and 8-year-old Jewish-Israeli children (N = 100, 48 % girls) were investigated. They were asked about Arabs (which are considered a conflict out-group). Specifically, they were asked whether a Jewish girl/boy and an Arab girl/boy are similar or dissimilar and in what way. They were also asked about their attitudes towards Arabs. In general, children reported more intergroup dissimilarities than similarities between Jews and Arabs. Children’s perceptions revealed that they considered three types of properties as fundamental for intergroup (dis)similarity: appearance, psychological characteristics, and social identity. The results indicate that children form intergroup dissimilarity perceptions at an early age, but only at about 8 years of age do these perceptions become associated with negative attitudes towards the out-group. These findings highlight the importance of promoting early awareness of similarities between groups to mitigate the development of negative attitudes as children grow older.

Enhancing smile and Altering Thrust using Modified Groper’s Appliance: A Case-Report

Early childhood caries, has a major influence on child’s lifestyle, resulting in child experiencing severe pain, premature loss of teeth, poor nutrition, difficulty chewing, speech, compromised esthetics, development of abnormal oral habits and delay in achieving normal growth and development of child. This paper presents a case report of a Four-year-old child diagnosed with Severe Early Childhood Caries. It explains treatment plan for rehabilitating child's mouth, including caries prevention and restorative procedures using appliances and making special adjustments to a child's feeding habits, combined with maintaining good oral hygiene practices. Early childhood caries is an important oral condition that requires prompt treatment and early intervention. Early diagnosis and awareness of ECC are essential for helping the child maintain a good quality of life.

Neonatal sex and maternal factors associated with small-for-gestational-age neonates: A nationwide population-based study.

Small-for-gestational-age (SGA) newborns have a higher risk of morbidity and mortality. Recognizing the risk factors for SGA helps raise early awareness of the issue and provides valuable insights for both healthcare providers and pregnant women. We aimed to identify determinants of SGA using population-based databases in Taiwan. Data were retrieved from the National Health Insurance, Birth Reporting, and Maternal and Child Health databases for this nationwide case-control study. Live births between 20 and 44 weeks of gestation from 2005 to 2014 were enrolled and linked to their mothers to determine maternal conditions during pregnancy. For every SGA newborn, four controls matched by gestational age and birth year were randomly selected. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for SGA, with adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) accounting for potential confounders and interaction terms. A total of 158,405 live SGA births were identified, with 623,584 controls randomly selected. Independent risk factors for SGA included maternal age <20 years (aOR 1.68, 95% CI 1.62, 1.75); female sex in newborns (aOR 1.28, 95% CI 1.27, 1.30); socioeconomic deprivation (aOR 1.29, 95% CI 1.21, 1.38); hypertension (aOR 1.6, 95% CI 1.52, 1.67); kidney disorders (aOR 1.29, 95% CI 1.16, 1.44); thyroid disorders (aOR 1.13, 95% CI 1.09, 1.17); systemic lupus erythematosus (aOR 2.59, 95% CI 2.33, 2.89); antiphospholipid syndrome (aOR 2.08, 95% CI 1.64, 2.64); gestational hypertension (aOR 1.69, 95% CI 1.61, 1.76); pre-eclampsia (aOR 3.12, 95% CI 3.01, 3.25); and antepartum hemorrhage (aOR 1.05, 95% CI 1.03, 1.07) after adjustment for other covariates. SGA was associated with younger maternal age, female newborns, underlying comorbidities, and obstetric conditions. Gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia were significant risk factors affecting infants of both sexes and all age groups and could mask the effects of maternal age and infant sex.

Fabry disease phenotyping in women from the complete Romanian cohort - time for early diagnostic awareness.

Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked rare disorder caused by mutations in the GLA gene. Women with FD have been less enrolled in studies and less treated compared with men. The aim of the present study is to describe the complete phenotype of the women cohort with FD diagnosed and evaluated in Romania and compare it to the male population. This study included all consecutive patients diagnosed with FD referred to the Expert Center for Rare Genetic Cardiovascular Diseases between 2014-2023 which included 73 consecutive Romanian FD patients: 41 women (56.2%) and 32 men (43.8%) from 33 unrelated families. Women with FD were diagnosed later and had a later symptom onset. Comparing with men, women were less often symptomatic, but with similar symptom severity. They had similar ophthalmologic and ENT involvement, but less angiokeratomas. Both women and men had similar heart failure symptoms, which were usually mild to moderate, with no difference between the age of developing of the heart failure symptoms. There were also similar rates of acroparesthesia and stroke between sexes, but women presented less renal involvement, with less requirement for renal transplant. This study demonstrates that women with Fabry disease are not just carriers of the disease, they can present symptoms as severe as men, and they have less or later access to pathogenic therapy. Further studies with more female participations are needed to better understand the burden of Fabry disease in women.

Metapragmatic awareness development in Chinese Children: A conversational competence perspective

The current study investigates the development of metapragmatic awareness in conversational competence among Chinese children aged 4–12 years. Utilizing eight cartoons, children were engaged with a series of metapragmatic questions targeting violations of four maxims of cooperation. By assessing their performance in a task involving conversational principles, we explore the progression of their metapragmatic skills. The results shows i) The metapragmatic awareness in different age groups increased. The early school-age stage was the transitional period in the development of children's metapragmatic awareness. The development range of metapragmatic awareness did not continuously increase in the later school-age stage. ii) Metacognitive awareness was in the salient position in the preschool stage, and in the early school-age stage metarepresentational awareness was predominant. Three forms of metapragmatic awareness did not develop sequentially. iii) The Chinese paratactic language structures and their profound cultural backgrounds influenced children's performance of metapragmatic awareness. This research provides a new paradigm for developmental pragmatics and it has a certain value for the treatment and intervention of the children with pragmatic impairments.