Early Books Research Articles

Disfigurement and Deliverance: Eusebian Portrayals of Martyrdom and the Letter of the Churches of Lyons and Vienne

Abstract: This study examines Eusebius’s physical portrayals of martyrs, situating them within his moral and rhetorical agenda in his Ecclesiastical History . To bring the contours of his discourse into greater relief, I first compare Eusebius’s martyr portrayals with those of the Letter of the Churches of Lyons and Vienne (one of the longest ostensibly non-Eusebian martyr narratives in the History ). After noting several minor differences between the descriptions in Eusebius’s martyr stories and those populating the Letter , I highlight one significant discursive disparity: namely, the physiognomic and sartorial details in the Letter tend to emphasize the martyrs’ divine physical restoration and glorification during their ordeals, while Eusebian martyr stories place greater emphasis on the martyrs’ gruesome disfigurement. Having made a case for the Letter ’s distinct deployment of physical details—further suggesting its authorial independence from Eusebius—the remainder of the article focuses on one particular historiographic and pedagogical aim to which Eusebius deploys these grisly martyrological images: amplifying the irrationality and cruelty of persecuting imperial leaders. From the early books of the History , Eusebius frequently catalogues imperial leaders as either pious respecters of the Christians, in step with traditional Roman mores , or impious persecutors, exemplifying their irrationality and lack of imperial virtue. The mangled bodies of the martyrs adorn Eusebius’s History , I argue, at least in part as gruesome monuments to immoral, barbaric leaders. These evil exempla , in turn, provide both an effective foil for the virtuous leadership of Christian-favoring leaders and a stern moral warning for future leaders. At various points in this article, I also bring Eusebius’s earlier narrative, Martyrs of Palestine , into the conversation to demonstrate further the relative stability of Eusebius’s physiognomic portrayals of martyrs.

When critical realism was ‘new' and what came after: an interview with William Outhwaite

ABSTRACT William Outhwaite is well-known as an early proponent of critical realism and for his work on European politics, critical theory and on Jürgen Habermas. In this wide-ranging interview, he discusses his life and career, including how he came to write on subjects that intersected with and developed themes Roy Bhaskar was also working on at the time. This work resulted in three early books, Understanding Social Life, Concept Formation in Social Science and New Philosophies of Social Science, the last of which makes the case for the incorporation of critical theory and hermeneutics into critical realism. He goes on to discuss various issues, including, briefly, his involvement in an early discussion group with Bhaskar, his participation in the Realism and the Human Sciences conferences and how he and Margaret Archer came to edit Andrew Collier’s Festschrift.

Early French Cookery Books

Early French Cookery Books

Review of the Early Bronze Age Book of Tepeköy Höyük Excavations in the Varto District of Muş Province

Review of the Early Bronze Age Book of Tepeköy Höyük Excavations in the Varto District of Muş Province

Attribution of Fragments of the 16th–18th Centuries’ Early Printed Books from the Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine: Informational Potential and Practical Experience

The publication describes various cases of attributing fragments of editions from the Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine. The attribution included the identification of extracts from the text, authentication of sheets used as flyleaves, and waste paper sheets. It is shown in the examples that the binding shops at the printing houses of Ostroh, Lviv, Kyiv, and Chernihiv actively used waste paper. The article describes cases when the attribution of editions assembled from fragments, the Vilnius Gospel in particular, became the reason for a scientific study and catalogue of the Gospels of 1575–1644 in the library collection. The attribution of fragments of several different editions allowed us to identify unknown printing variants, and to form the complete Gospel text. Printed engravings inserted into books also provide interesting material for further research. The practice of studying them has shown that sometimes they are previously unknown artistic monuments by famous engravers, for example, Hryhorii Levytskyi and Ivan Myhura. The usage of various methods of work, such as the study of the history of engravings, a comprehensive analysis of their state of preservation, the establishment of the history of the copies’ use, and the study of paper filigrees, prove that book engravings were also printed for independent distribution. In particular, we are referring to images of evangelists associated with the names of Petro Mstyslavets and Pamva Berinda. The study of printed inserts of engravings, illustrations, and texts into manuscript codices is an interesting and promising area of research

The Cyrillic Early Printed Books of Univ and Pochaiv: Peculiarities of Editions, Experience of Scientific Cataloguing

The article deals with the Cyrillic early printed books and one-sheet prints of printing houses of Univ and Pochaiv monasteries (the middle of 17th–18th centuries) from the depository of V. Vernadskyi National Library of Ukraine, which were described for the scientific catalogues. During the copy-by-copy research of Univ and Pochaiv early printed books, many one-sheet editions and editions without titles and source data were discovered, catalogued for the first time, and included in the chronology of the Ukrainian Cyrillic printing. All findings are displayed in the article. Letter by Varlaam Sheptyckyi and counterfeit Univ editions of Euchologions are among them. Univ and Pochaiv publications form an important part of Ukraine’s historical and cultural heritage.

FROM OBSERVERS TO PARTICIPANTS: SINO-MUSLIM INTELLECTUAL’S ENGAGEMENT WITH THE ISLAMIC WORLD IN THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY

This paper aims to shed light on the evolving perception of the Sino-Muslim intellectuals on Pan Islamism as they engaged with the Islamic world. Scholarly literature examining the relationship between Sino-Muslim intellectuals and the Islamic world often discusses the role of Chinese Azharites in the 1930s. However, the engagement of Sino-Muslim intellectuals with the Islamic world prior to the emergence of Chinese Azharites is rarely explored. This paper aims to address this gap by examining the process of Sino-Muslim intellectuals’ engagement with the Islamic world in the early twentieth century, using magazines, books and travelogues published by Sino-Muslim intellectuals and official archives as primary sources. It argues that their level of engagement with the Islamic world depends on their acceptance of Pan-Islamism, an idea that emerged in the late nineteenth century advocating for the political unity of the Islamic world. Notably, the engagement of Sino-Muslim intellectuals with the Islamic world was not always as harmonious. Prior to the end of World War I, most Sino-Muslim intellectuals were sceptical of the idea of Pan-Islamism, which hindered the relationship between Sino Muslim communities and governments. Nevertheless, after World War I, thanks to the efforts of certain Sino-Muslim intellectuals, they not only embraced this idea but also actively participated in various issues in the Islamic world.

Fragments of the Ukrainian Book Collections in the Ossolineum’s Holdings of Early Printed Books in Wrocław

The article describes fragments of book collections from five Ukrainian institutions – the Shevchenko Scientific Society, the “Studion” in Lviv, “Ridna Shkola” Ukrainian Pedagogical Society, the National Museum in Lviv, and the Greek Catholic Chapter in Przemyśl – which are currently housed in the Early Printed Books Department at the Ossolineum in Wrocław. In addition to the list of books from these collections, the publication provides a brief overview of their history and fortunes after World War II and the circumstances under which these books found their way to the collection of the Ossoliński National Institute in Wrocław.

Diego Granado Maldonado

One of the best known of the very early Spanish cookery books is that by Diego Granado. So far as we know, it has always been accepted, both inside and outside Spain, as a work of a truly Spanish nature and of some originality. Jeanne Allard has investigated its origins, with surprising results.

Sámi on Display: Sámi Representations in an Early Nonfiction Book for Children

Sámi on Display: Sámi Representations in an Early Nonfiction Book for Children

Research visualization on cloud computing services in the field of information science and library science

PurposeThis bibliometric study is steered to compute the impact of literature published on cloud computing within the fields of information science and library science. The research has been conducted on concentrating the term “Cloud Computing” to search the literature published in both fields, i.e. information science and library science from the time span 2007 to August 2023. This study aims to investigate the top productive country, organizations and highly cited publications.Design/methodology/approachThe period of the exploration was from 2007 to August 2023 for bibliometric analysis and data was collected from the ISI Web of Science. Total 401 documents were retrieved and analyzed to highlight the year-wise distribution of documents type, year-wise most cited articles, prominent journals of the subjects, productivity of organizations, impact of countries and cooccurrences of keywords. The results are grounded on the basis of documents types (articles, early access articles, proceeding papers, book review, editorial material, news items and reviews).FindingsThe findings reveal that the most productive year of publication on cloud computing services was 2013. The top productive source is “International Journal of Information Management.” The articles entitled “Assessing the determinants of cloud computing adoption: An analysis of the manufacturing and services sectors” found as the most cited article and the significant increase in citations is also noteworthy. The most productive organizations on the topic include “Islamic Azad University of Iran,” “University Cologne of Germany” and “University Nova Lisboa of Portugal.” The results confirmed that the USA dominates in the production of research on “Cloud Computing Services” and the most repeated keyword in the literature is cloud computing. The research articles are the most cited sources of research.Originality/valueThis bibliometric research is an original piece of work that has been conducted to measure the research production in the field of information science and library science during 2007−2023. This piece of work is valuable for those who want to study the literature on cloud computing in the area of information science and library science.

The ‘full-flowing stomach’: unwholesome food, climate, and colonialism in King Lear and Kristian Levring’s The King is Alive

Abstract This article considers Kristian Levring’s 2000 film The King is Alive from a radically open historicist methodology, analysing the film as a product of multiple interleaved archives. An adaptation of King Lear, the film’s relevant archive includes documents from the English Renaissance like the early modern recipe books and seventeenth-century medical treatises that this article uncovers. Yet because The King is Alive was filmed in an abandoned German mining colony in the Namib desert, the archive must also include accounts of the colonialist ‘Scramble for Africa’ more than two centuries after King Lear was written. The methodological deftness of history-as-adaptation allows us to see the film’s anxieties about food that rest at the nexus of these two archives. Shakespeare’s play worries about liminal foods—species-specific foods, foods that fail to nourish, and foods that become poison—but the film updates these concerns to implicate Western imperialism and global capitalism. Surrounded (and, in one instance, killed) by potentially botulistic cans of carrots that remain after the German occupation, the characters in the film must grapple with the toxic leftovers of colonialism, including Shakespeare’s playtext. The film thus asks its audience to consider further archives related to the imperialist roots of the invention of canning, the discovery of vitamins, and the export of Shakespeare as a ‘civilizing’ figure. Finally, the film gestures to the foodway challenges exacerbated by both capitalism and climate change, becoming a palimpsest of archives from across multiple temporalities: a Shakespearean past, a colonialist present, and a warming future.

The end of the beginning: Establishing isiZulu names for all bird species recorded in South Africa

Terminology development is needed for effective science communication, planning, teaching, and learning in indigenous African languages. This need includes species-specific names in indigenous languages for wild birds, which are key indicators of biodiversity and the state of the environment. We report here the successful allocation of isiZulu names to all South African bird species, focusing on the final phase of naming species that are unknown or rare in KwaZulu-Natal Province (traditional home of the Zulu people) and thus have no indigenous naming history. We applied principles and procedures used previously for naming species known in KwaZulu-Natal: (1) reference to early bird books, dictionaries and other literature; (2) in-person workshops that included isiZulu language academics, professional Zulu bird guides, and birders; and (3) linguistic strategies to apply Zulu folk taxonomy to scientific ordering of species. At a three-day in-person workshop, we named 327 species unknown or vagrant in KwaZulu-Natal. Much time was spent on allocating cluster names to locally unfamiliar bird groupings such as tropicbirds, gadfly petrels, sandgrouse, and wheatears. The most frequent linguistic strategy was coinage by extension, where previously established isiZulu cluster names, for example ujolwane for ‘sparrow’, were extended by species qualifiers, as in ujolwanomkhulu (sparrow that is great) for Great Sparrow (Passer motitensis). True coinage was also used, as in unothingo (‘rainbow’) for African Pitta (Pitta angolensis). The resulting catalogue of isiZulu names for all 876 South African species completes the terminology development phase to facilitate engagement of isiZulu in science and conservation involving birds.

Semantic prosody, semantic transfer and semantic change

Abstract This article investigates semantic prosody in a diachronic perspective. Although prosodies have been shown to change over time, there is no consensus regarding the source of such changes. The present study explores this further through a corpus study of the development of the lemmas fabric, fabricate and fabrication from the late 15th century to the late 20th century, drawing on material from Early English Books Online, the Corpus of Late Modern English Texts and the British National Corpus. The results of the study show that prosodic changes coincide with the emergence of new senses and indicate that these processes are related to and possibly caused by semantic transfer induced by persistent prosodies over time.

On the Fibonacci Tiling and its Modern Ramifications

AbstractIn the last 30 years, the mathematical theory of aperiodic order has developed enormously. Many new tilings and properties have been discovered, few of which are covered or anticipated by the early papers and books. Here, we start from the well‐known Fibonacci chain to explain some of them, with pointers to various generalisations as well as to higher‐dimensional phenomena and results. This should give some entry points to the modern literature on the subject.

Phénoménologie de la Vérité: The Phenomenological Roots of Hans Urs von Balthasar’s Theology

Hans Urs von Balthasar, one of the leading theologians of the twentieth century, uses the methods and results of classical phenomenology in many ways. Balthasar’s repeated criticism of Husserl, Scheler, and Heidegger conceals the fact of his dependence on these authors in various ways. The present text examines the implicit and explicit phenomenological elements in Balthasar’s thought. As a starting point, the title of the first French translation of one of his early books, Phénoménologie de la vérité, is used to outline the context of Balthasar’s endeavor. In what follows, I will show the phenomenological features of some of his major writings, analyze what he himself calls supernatural phenomenology, and argue for a more consistent phenomenological methodology that Balthasar could have worked out had he carefully considered the internal development of the phenomenological movement. “Apocalyptic phenomenology” emerges as the general title of an approach that links Balthasar’s methodology to that of the major phenomenological works, properly examined and extended.

Research on the history of libraries and librarianship in Poland: A survey, 1945–2015

The author of the article discusses selected academic and popular publications on the history of libraries and librarianship in Poland which were issued between 1945 and 2015. In that period, information about the most important historical resources of various Polish libraries and early book collections was made available. In addition, the period was marked by progress in the study of materials originating before the end of the 18th century. Scholars published a range of methodological works and works about sources, contributing to the development of scholarship. At the same time, there were too few editions of source materials. After 1989, scholars intensified their efforts to find sources in foreign collections, especially in Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, Russia and Germany. Polish collections kept abroad are yet to be fully researched and to have their inventories and catalogues published. The vast body of literature is uneven when it comes to its focus on individual historical periods, regions, subregions and local centres. It comprises publications on the history of libraries, their function and role in culture with regard to the history of publications focused on the types of libraries or individual libraries — of different traditions, sizes and the book, and stature. Scholars also explored the history of private book collections, reading rooms and libraries, as well as biographies of librarians and collectors. The quality of the publications varies. There are gaps in, for example, the history of libraries in the former Polish eastern borderlands and ‘blank pages’ in the historiography of Polish librarianship after the Second World War. There is a visible shortage of quantification of phenomena from the past of libraries, despite the fact that there are some possibilities in this respect. What is also needed is development in comparative studies, including from an international perspective, although this would require Polish historians to become more interested than before in the history of librarianship in other countries.

“noch vil höher, und subtiler Künsten… an tag zu bringen”: Renaissance Pattern Books and Ornament Prints as Catalysts of the Design Process

Abstract In traditional art history, early modern pattern books and the closely related genre of the ornament print are rarely associated with the kind of autonomous invention encapsulated in the concept of disegno. However, by looking through the lens of several fifteenth and sixteenth century printed design resources, including Giovanni Antonio Tagliente’s Esempio di raccammi (1527) and the Kunstbüchlin (1538) of Heinrich Vogtherr the Elder and his son, this essay aims to demonstrate that there is strong foundational overlap between these two divergent products of the Renaissance. Rather than instilling among artists a culture of slavish copying, the production and increased access to (printed) variant designs facilitated the generation of ideas that were suggested by, but lay well beyond the scope of the printed page.

｢무지개 물고기｣ 그림책 시리즈의 의미

Objectives The purpose of this study is to find the message to be delivered to infants in the “Rainbow Fish” picture book series, understand the implications of the picture book, and use it as basic data in the educational field.
 Methods The “Rainbow Fish” series examined the overall content and in-depth implications of early childhood picture books based on Greimas (1985)'s sequence analysis, binary confrontation analysis, behavioral analysis, and Barthes (1997)'s semiotic approach to myth theory.
 Results The common feature of the sequence analysis contents of the “Rainbow Fish” series picture book is that it is a happy ending in which all conflicts and problems are resolved. However, there was a difference in the format of the plot. There were two types: a single-line format in which the story unfolds over time, and a circular format in which events in the story progress one after another over time and then return to square one. In the case of binary confrontation analysis, there was a common point that all the situations, emotions, and attitudes of rainbow fish were included, and the differences were confrontation between characters, confrontation between places, and change of mind of rainbow fish. The behavioral analysis of the “Rainbow Fish” series picture book shows that rainbow fish become the same person and main character in the role of the subject and receiver, and the differ-ence between the series is that the role of callers and opponents is different. In addition, depending on the devel-opment of the story, there are times when there are no characters who play the role of assistants, and sometimes the same character changes from the role of the antagonist to the role of assistants. Through the myth analysis of the “Rainbow Fish” series picture book, we were able to derive topics such as finding happiness, forming rela-tionships, empathizing, being interested, solving problems, accepting minds, positive interaction, and resolving conflicts.
 Conclusions This study is significant in that it helps in-depth understanding and interpretation of the “Rainbow Fish” series picture books based on a semiotic approach, and effectively conveys the meaning and literature im-plied in picture books in the field of early childhood education so that they can be applied to the field of early child-hood education.

Early American Literature Book Prize for 2023

Early American Literature Book Prize for 2023