Earias Vittella Research Articles

Efficacy of Intercropping, Botanicals and Insecticides Against Okra Shoot and Fruit Borer (Earias vittella F.) on Okra in Uttar Pradesh, India

This study assesses the effectiveness of intercrops, insecticides and botanicals against the okra shoot and fruit borer Earias vittella. The okra + marigold (1:1) and okra + coriander (1:1) intercropping had the least shoot damage (4.35 percent, respectively), according to the data (4.70 per cent). Okra + maize (1:1) saw the most shoot damage (5.51%) when compared to monoculture (6.68 per cent). Spinosad 45 SC 75 g a.i./ha (2.49%) had the lowest rate of shoot damage among the insecticides, followed by Abamectin 1.8 EC 25 g a.i./ha (3.12%) and botanical NSKE 5 per cent, which found that the per cent shoot damage (3.25) compared to sole crop (okra) was higher (6.68 per cent). The data showed that the least fruit damage (9.25 percent, respectively) occurred in the intercropping of okra + marigold (1:1) and okra + coriander (1:1) (11.59 per cent) weight basis. The fruit damage in okra + maize (1:1) was highest (15.37%) compared to monoculture (18.08 per cent). Among the insecticides, Spinosad 45 SC 75 g a.i./ha (1.73%) had the lowest rate of shoot damage, followed by Abamectin 1.8 EC 25 g a.i./ha (2.02%) and botanical NSKE 5%, which discovered that the percentage of shoot damage (2.76) compared to lone crop (okra) was higher (18.08 per cent ). The highest yield was observed when intercropping coriander and okra (1:1), whereas the lowest yield was recorded when intercropping maize and okra (23.28 q/ha) (1:1).

Management of Okra Shoot and Fruit Borer Earias vitella (Fab.) by Different Insecticides on Okra

The okra shoot and fruit borer (Earias vittella) is a significant pest affecting okra crops. It bores into the shoots and fruits, causing stunted growth and reduced yield. To combat this pest the present study was conducted during Kharif, 2023 at Rainfed Agriculture Research Farm, Department of Entomology, Bundelkhand University Jhansi. The investigation was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of different insecticides against okra shoot and fruit borer Earias vitella (Fab.), Nine insecticides including control (untreated) were sprayed three times on the okra crop resulted all treatments were significantly effective over control. Among all treatments emamectin benzoate 5% SG was found best effective to control the shoot and fruit infestation caused by E. vitella in all three sprays followed by fluebendiaminde 480% EC and spinosad 45% SC. Among all treatments maximum C:B ratio was obtained from the emamectin benzoate 5% SG (147.56 qt/hac and 1:1.57) followed by spinosad 45% SC (1:1.46), indoxacarb 14.5% SC (1:1.37).

Effect of Selected Insecticides against Earias vittella (Fabricius) on Okra Abelmoschus esculentus L.

At the Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India, a field experiment took place out at the Central Research Farm (CRF). Using a variant of Kasturi, the experiment was set up using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with eight treatments that were each replicated three times. The treatments viz., Lambdacyhalothrin 2.5% EC@0.5-1ml/lit, Spinosad 45%SC @0.3-0.4ml/lit Flubendiamide 480SC @0.3ml/lit, Chlorantraniliprole18.5%SC 0.5ml/lit, Imidacloprid17.8%SL@ 1ml 2.5l, Emamectin benzoate 5%SG@5 g/land Neem oil@ 20 ml/l and along with untreated control were used against fruit and shoot borer (Earias vittella) infesting okra. All treatments have been shown to be significantly superior to control when analyzing the data on the larval population of the fruit and shoot borer of okra after the first and second spray. Among all the treatments Chlorantraniliprole 18.5%SC showed lowest larval population 10.21 and 9.98 by Spinosad 45% SC(11.45,12.29%), Emamectinbenzoate 5% SG(13.86,14.11%), Imidacloprid 17.8% SL(16.94,15.87%) Lambdacyhalothrin 2.5% EC(17.83,16.03%) Flubendamide 480SC (19.25and19.40%) Neemoil 20ml/l (20.35 and18.75%) Control 5% (24.84 and 25.98%). The highest yield and cost benefit ratio was recorded in Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC(153q/ha,1:6.54) followed by Spinosad 45% SC(150q/ha,1;6.01) Emamectinbenzoate 5% SG(125q/1;5.54), Imidacloprid 17.8% SL(117q/ha,1:5.28) Lambdacyhalothrin 2.5% EC(105q/ha1:4.83), Flubendamide 480 SC(79q/ha, 1:3.56 and Neemoil 20ml/l (7 0 q / h a ,1:3.03).

Field Efficacy of Certain Chemicals and Neem Products against Shoot and Fruit Borer, Earias vittella (Fabricius.) on Okra in Prayagraj, U.P., India

A field trial was carried out at the research plot of the Department of Entomology at Central Research Field, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj during autumn season of 2023. Seven treatments were replicated thrice in Randomized Block evaluated against Earias vittella viz. and also assessed their influences on the yield of okra (T1) Fipronil 5%SC @ 1 ml/lit, (T2) Spinosad 45%SC @1 ml/lit, (T3) Azadiractin 1%EC @ 3 ml/lit, (T4) Chlorantraniliprole 18.5%SC @ 0.3 ml/lit, (T5) Imidacloprid 17.8%SL @ 0.4 ml/lit, (T6) Emamectin benzoate 5%SG @ 0.3 ml/lit, (T7) NSKE 5% @50 ml/lit and (T0) Control. Each treatment was sprayed twice at 14 days interval. The observations of shoot and fruit infestation per plant were recorded one day before, 3rd, 7th and 14th day after each spray. The results revealed that all tested insecticides significantly reduced the pest infestation compared to untreated plot. The lowest percent infestation of shoot and fruit borer was observed in Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC (8.96%, 9.29%) and Spinosad45%SC (9.74%, 10.42%) followed by Imidacloprid 17.8% SL (10.58%, 11.04%) Emamectin benzoate 5%SG (11.89%, 12.27%), Fipronil 5% SC (12.46%, 13.09%), Azadiractin 1% EC (12.77%, 14.16%), NSKE 5% (13.42%, 14.63%). The mean crop yield ranged between 30 q/ha to 16 0q/ha, the highest was recorded in Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC (160 q/ha) followed by Spinosad 45% SC (154 q/ha).When cost benefit ratio worked out, the best and the most economic treatment was Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC (1:5.7) followed by Spinosad 45%SC (1:5.2), Imidacloprid 17.8% SL (1:5.1), Emamectin benzoate 5%SG (1:4.3), Fipronil 5%SC(1:3.9), Azadiractin 1% EC (1:3.0),NSKE 5% (1:2.5) and Untreated (1:1.18).

Field Efficacy and Economics of Selected Biopesticides and Chemicals against Shoot and Fruit Borer, Earias vittella (Fabricius) on Okra

The field trial was conducted at Central Research Field, Department of Entomology, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj during kharif season 2023.The experiment was laid out in in Randomised Block Design (RBD) with eight treatments each replicated thrice using variety Kashi Chaman. The treatments viz., T1 Beauveria bassiana 1.5% T2 Spinosad 45%SC T3 Neem seed kernel extract 10%WP T4 Emamectin Benzoate 5SG T5 Fipronil 5SC T6 Chlorantraniliprole 18.5SC T7 Azadirachtin 0.03%WSP 300PPM (5ml/lit) and along with untreated control T0 against Earias vittella in okra. The data on percentage of shoot and fruit infestation of okra shoot and fruit borer first and second spray mean revealed that all treatments are significantly superior over control. Among all the treatments lowest per cent shoot and fruit, infestation was recorded in T6 Chlorantraniliprole 18.5SC (8.46) (9.44),, T2 Spinosad 45% SC (9.95) (10.44),, T4 Emamectin benzoate 5%SG (11.83) (11.85),, T5 Fipronil 5%SC (12.96) (12.91),, T3 Neem seed kernel extract 10% WP (14.82) (13.27), T1 Beauveria bassiana 1.5% (15.94) (14.62) and T7 Azadirachtin 0.03%WSP 300PPM (5ml/lit) (16.97) (14.79) and is significantly superior over the control (23.78) (23.26). While The highest yield was recorded in T6 Chlorantraniliprole 18.5SC (210.2q/ha),as well as B:C ratio (1:6.54), T2 Spinosad 45%SC (195.7q/ha) (1:6.02),, T4 Emamectin benzoate 5SG (163.4q/ha) (1:5.17), T5 Fipronil 5SC(149.2q/ha) (1:4.69), T3 Neem seed kernel extract10%WP (138.4q/ha) (1:4.42),, T1 Beauveria bassiana 1.5% (131.7q/ha) (1:4.00), T7 Azadirachtin 0.03%WSP 300PPM (5ml/lit) (120.2q/ha) (1:3.71), as compared to T0 control (90.2q/ha) (1:2.96).

Enhancing Okra Yield and Quality: Synergistic Impact of Biopesticides Combined with Cypermethrin against Shoot and Fruit Borer [Earias vittella Fab.]

Enhancing Okra Yield and Quality: Synergistic Impact of Biopesticides Combined with Cypermethrin against Shoot and Fruit Borer [Earias vittella Fab.]

Comparative Efficacy of Insecticides and their Combinations against Okra Shoot and Fruit Borer, Earias vitella (Fabricius)

The research was conducted on okra crop to check the efficacy of some insecticides and their combinations against okra shoot and fruit borer, Earias vittella (Fab.). The study was carried out during kharif 2023 at Central Research Farm of Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P.) with eight treatments including untreated check which were replicated thrice. All the treatments were found to be superior over untreated control, neem oil 3%, spinosad 45 SC, cypermethrin 25 EC, profenophos 50 EC, spinosad 45SC + neem oil 3%, cypermethrin 25EC + neem oil 3%, profenofos 50 EC + cypermethrin 25 EC were tested to compare the efficacy against Earias vitella and their influences on yield of okra. Here the best and the most economic treatment was profenofos 50 EC + cypermethrin 25 EC followed by cypermethrin 25EC + neem oil 3%, spinosad 45SC + neem oil 3%, spinosad 45 SC, cypermethrin 25 EC, profenophos 50 EC and the least effective treatment was neem oil 3%. The highest yield among the treatments was noticed in profenofos 50 EC + cypermethrin 25 EC (140quintal/hac.) and the lowest in neem oil 3% (75quintal/hac.) with cost benefit ratio 1:4.7 and 1:2.0, respectively.

Comparative efficacy of biopesticides and certain chemicals against shoot and fruit borer (Earias vittella) on okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.)

Comparative efficacy of biopesticides and certain chemicals against shoot and fruit borer (Earias vittella) on okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.)

Efficacy of certain insecticides and botanical against shoot and fruit borer, (Earias vittella) on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) under field condition

Efficacy of certain insecticides and botanical against shoot and fruit borer, (Earias vittella) on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) under field condition

Comparative efficacy of biopesticides and selected chemicals against shoot and fruit borer, Earias vittella (Fabricius) on okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench

Comparative efficacy of biopesticides and selected chemicals against shoot and fruit borer, Earias vittella (Fabricius) on okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench

Efficacy of bio- pesticides and selected chemicals against okra shoot and fruit borer Earias vittella (fab.) on okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] under field condition at Prayagraj

Efficacy of bio- pesticides and selected chemicals against okra shoot and fruit borer Earias vittella (fab.) on okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] under field condition at Prayagraj

Biology of shoot and fruit borer, Earias vittella Fabricius (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) on okra

The biology of fruit and shoot borer (Earias vittella F.) was studied under the natural conditions in the instructional farm of Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalay in pre-kharif, kharif and post-kharif on okra. The study revealed that the egg incubation in pre-kharif, kharif and post-kharif revealed that the egg incubation were 3.18±0.40, 3.61±0.70 and 4.25±0.67 and larval period were 11.00±0.88, 11.00±0.82 and 13.01±1.81 during corresponding seasons respectively. The pupal period in pre-kharif, kharif and postkharif were 13.01±1.81; 11.00±0.82; 10.97±2.15 days respectively. The adult male longevities observed were 3.64±0.67, 5.60±0.70 and 7.33±0.97 during pre-kharif, kharif and post-kharif. On the other hand female longevities observed were about 7.45±1.57b; 8.87±1.10; 9.41±1.51 days in corresponding seasons respectively. The female fecundity during pre-kharif, kharif and post-kharif were 91.55±10.93, 117.55b±10.60 and 132.04±5.83 eggs in their lifetime. The pre-oviposition during pre-kharif, kharif and post-kharif were 1.64±0.50, 1.52±0.53 and 1.88±0.57 and the oviposition periods in corresponding seasons were 2.73±0.47, 3.22±0.79 and 4.32±0.52. While post-oviposition periods in pre-kharif, kharif and post-kharif were 3.09±0.70, 4.14±0.63 and 3.23±0.92 respectively. Its total life-cycle was completed in 27.45±1.57, 31.60±1.90 and 41.35±2.55 days during pre-kharif, kharif and post-kharif respectively. Higher fecundity may lead to faster population growth that may surpass the economic threshold level (ETL), even though the shoot and fruit borer’s life cycle is longer in Kharif and post-kharif. Thus, it may be said that the kharif and poskharif seasons are the most susceptible to shoot fruit and shoot borer infestation.

Efficacy of Certain Insecticides and Neem Products against Shoot and Fruit Borer [Earias vittella (Fabricius)] of okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench

A field trial was conducted at the research plot at Central Research Farm (CRF), Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, during the Rabi Season of 2022-2023 where eight treatments were replicated thrice in Randomized Block Design (RBD) Eight treatments i.e., Lambda cyhalothrin 2.5% EC @ 0.3ml/lit, Emamectin benzoate 5% SG @0.5ml/lit ,Spinosad 45%SC@1.3 ml/lit, Chlorantraniliprole 18.5%SC @0.5 ml/lit, Imidacloprid 17.80%SL @0.5ml/lit, Azadirachtin 1% EC @ 10ml/lit, NSKE 5% @ 50 ml/lit and untreated Control. The data on the percent infestation of the shoot and fruit borer on okra third, seven and fourth day after spray reveal that all the insecticides and neem products were significantly superior over control. Among all the different treatments lowest shoot and fruit infestation of okra was recorded in Chlorantraniliprole (10.21% ,9.98%) followed by Emamectin benzoate 5%SG (11.45%, 12.29%), Spinosad 45%SC (13.86%, 14.11%), Imidacloprid 17.80% SL (16.94,15.87%), Lambda cyhalothrin 2.5%EC (17.83, 16.03%), Azadirachtin 1% EC (19.25%, 17.04%) and NSKE 5% (20.35%, 18.75%), control (24.84%, 25.98%). The yields among the treatment were significant. The yield and benefit cost ratio was recorded in Chlorantraniliprole 18.5SC (195.5 q/ha) (1:9.3) followed by Emamectin benzoate 5% SG (149.2q/ha), (1:8.2), Spinosad 45 % SC (140.2q/ha), (1:8.11), Imidacloprid 17.80SL (136.3q/ha), (1:7.9), Lambda cychalothrin 2.5 EC (133.2q/ha), (1:7.6), Azadirachtin 1% (96.3q/ha) (1:5.5) and NSKE 5% (92.4q/ha) (1:5.2) as compared to, control (72.2q/ha), (1:4.2).

A comparative study of biology and morphometrics of two different species of Earias on okra crop

Okra shoot and fruit borers, Earias insulana and Earias vittella are the major pests of economically important crops like okra and cotton. It is important to understand pest biology and ecology before initiating control measures, however little is known about their comparative biology on okra. Therefore, we studied biometrics of E. insulana and E. vittella in laboratory conditions on okra fruits and recorded the duration of different life stages along with their morphological parameters, to differentiate both the species. Oviposition was comparable in both species, however, incubation period and oviposition period was shorter in E. vittella. Although incubation, oviposition, post-oviposition period were at par in both the species, but there was a significant difference in larval and pupa periods. Total life cycle being comparable in both species, the larval period was significantly longer in case of E. insulana (13.8 days), while its pupal period (8.5 days) was significantly shorter in comparision to E. vittella (9.9 days). Sex ratio in E. insulana and E. vittella was recorded as 1:0.72 and 1: 0.61 (male: female) respectively. Both species were slightly different in terms of their morphological parameters. This study provides basic knowledge about the biology of these pests that may be helpful while formulating IPM strategies against them in okra as well as cotton.

Comparative Efficacy of Selected Chemicals and Neem Oil against Okra Shoot and Fruit Borer [Earias vittella (Fabricius)] on Okra

The field investigation was carried out in Kharif season of 2022 at Central Research Farm (CRF), Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. The experiment was laid in Randomized Block Design with eight treatments each replicated thrice viz., Emamectin benzoate 5% SG (5 g/lit), Lambda cyhalothrin 2.5% EC (0.5-1 ml/lit), Flubendiamide 480 SC (0.3 ml/lit), Imidacloprid 17.8% SL (1 ml/2.5 lit), Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC (0.5 ml/lit), Neem oil @2% (20 ml/lit), Spinosad 45% SC (0.3-0.4 ml/lit), and control plot. The result revealed that among all the treatments lowest percent shoot infestation and fruit infestation of okra shoot and fruit borer was recorded in Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC (13.90%), (13.11%) at both sprayers followed by Spinosad 45% SC (15.89%), (14.25%), Emamectin benzoate 5% SG (16.59%), (15.02%), Flubendiamide 480 SC (17.27%), (15.30%), Imidacloprid 17.8% SL (17.44%), (16.63%), Lambda cyhalothrin 2.5% EC (19.09%), (16.97%), Neem oil @2% (19.21%), (17.23%) and Control (30.87%), (25.44%). The highest yield and cost benefit ratio was recorded in Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC (158.33 q/ha), (1:6.1) followed by Spinosad 45% SC (153.33 q/ha), (1:5.4), Emamectin benzoate 5% SG (133.33 q/ha), (1:5.3), Flubendiamide 480 SC (116.66 q/ha), (1:4.7), Imidacloprid 17.8% SL (105 q/ha), (1:4.2), Lambda cyhalothrin 2.5% EC (83.33 q/ha), (1:3.3), Neem oil @2% (70 q/ha), (1:2.8) and Control plot (33.33 q/ha), (1:1.3).

Induction of Resistance by Organic and Micro Nutrients against Bhendi Shoot and Fruit Borer Earias vittella Fab.

Bhendi Abelmoschus esculentus L. (Moench), is an economically and largely cultivated vegetable crop in India. Bhendi is susceptible to the attack of various insects from seedling to fruiting stage. Bhendi shoot and fruit borer, E. vittella is most serious pests which cause direct damage to tender shoots and fruits. The present study was undertaken to analyses the role of organic and micro nutrients in enhancing insect resistance in the selected bhendi accessions. With regard to the influence of organic nutrients on the feeding preference of E. vittella, plants supplied with vermicompost was less preferred. With regard to the influence of micronutrients on resistance in bhendi accessions, manganese applied plants recorded the minimum damage caused by E. vittella larvae in fruit feeding preference tests. The data these obtained by various experiments conducted were statistically using factorial randomized block design (FRBD).

Economic Assessment aganist Shoot and Fruit Borer (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Okra at Uttar Pradesh, India

The field trail was conducted during Kharif 2022 to evaluate the cost benefit ratio by using different insecticidal applications viz., NSKE 10% T1 @ 10gm/L, Beauveria bassiana 1.15% WP (1x108 CFU/gm) T2 @ 5gm/L, Spinosad 45 SC T3 # 0.5ml/L, Metarhizium anisopliae 4% WSP (1x108 CFU/gm) T4 @ 5ml/L, Imidacloprid 17.8 SL T5 @ 0.3 ml/L, Nisco sixer plus T6 @ 1.5ml/L, Neem oil 5% T7 @ 5ml/L and untreated control T8 in three replications against shoot and fruit borer, Earias vittella (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), management on okra. Obsevations were taken on percent infestation of shoot and fruit on day before, 7DAS and 14DAS after two sprays Results revealed that highest yield is recorded in Spinosad 45 SC (101.4 q/ha), followed by nisco sixer plus (82.2 q/ha), Imidacloprid 17.8 SL (72.5 q/ha). Insecticidal treatment with Spinosad 45 SC with 1:5.66 had the highest cost benefit ratio, followed by Nisco sixer plus (1:4.99).

Nanoparticle-Shielded dsRNA Delivery for Enhancing RNAi Efficiency in Cotton Spotted Bollworm Earias vittella (Lepidoptera: Nolidae).

The spotted bollworm Earias vittella (Lepidoptera: Nolidae) is a polyphagous pest with enormous economic significance, primarily affecting cotton and okra. However, the lack of gene sequence information on this pest has a significant constraint on molecular investigations and the formulation of superior pest management strategies. An RNA-seq-based transcriptome study was conducted to alleviate such limitations, and de novo assembly was performed to obtain transcript sequences of this pest. Reference gene identification across E. vittella developmental stages and RNAi treatments were conducted using its sequence information, which resulted in identifying transcription elongation factor (TEF), V-type proton ATPase (V-ATPase), and Glyceraldehyde -3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) as the most suitable reference genes for normalization in RT-qPCR-based gene expression studies. The present study also identified important developmental, RNAi pathway, and RNAi target genes and performed life-stage developmental expression analysis using RT-qPCR to select the optimal targets for RNAi. We found that naked dsRNA degradation in the E. vittella hemolymph is the primary reason for poor RNAi. A total of six genes including Juvenile hormone methyl transferase (JHAMT), Chitin synthase (CHS), Aminopeptidase (AMN), Cadherin (CAD), Alpha-amylase (AMY), and V-type proton ATPase (V-ATPase) were selected and knocked down significantly with three different nanoparticles encapsulated dsRNA conjugates, i.e., Chitosan-dsRNA, carbon quantum dots-dsRNA (CQD-dsRNA), and Lipofectamine-dsRNA conjugate. These results demonstrate that feeding nanoparticle-shielded dsRNA silences target genes and suggests that nanoparticle-based RNAi can efficiently manage this pest.

AGEMENT OF EARIAS VITTELLA AND PECTINOPHORA GOSSYPIELLA THROUGH DIFFERENT INSECTICIDES UNDER COTTON FIELD CONDITIONS

The efficacy of five different insecticides was evaluated against bollworms under cotton cultivated crop during the Kharif season, 2021. The insecticides namely; T1= Triazophos 120ml, T2= Deltamethrin+Triazophos 100ml, T3= Cypermethrin 60ml, T4= Emamectin 50ml, T5= Abamectin 20ml/tank and T6= Control (water-washed) were applied and replicated two times on Hari Dsot cotton cultivar variety. The field experimental plot sizes were kept at 100ft, number of rows 100, row to row space 60cm, plant to plant space 25cm, and sprays were done in the early morning after 15 days interval basis. Through RCBD data of the pest population was gathered as pre-treatment and after 3rd, 7th, and 14th days of post-spray. After 1st spray at 1st replication, the abamectin found with more efficacy caused highest reduction (68.68%), followed by the combination of deltamethrin+triazophos (60.55%), cypermethrin (57.45%), emamectin (52.35%) and triazophos (48.65%), against Earias vittella, and after 2nd spray, at 2nd fortnight replication abamectin caused again highest larvae reduction (78.87%), followed by emamectin (60.35%), cypermethrin (54.25%), deltamethrin+triazophos (50.65%) and triazophos (47.55%). In the scheduled of 1st spray at 1st replication the abamectin caused the highest reduction (94.75%), followed by deltamethrin+triazophos (73.25%), cypermethrin (70.45%), triazophos (65.25%), and emamectin (62.45%), against Pectinophora gossypiella, hence; after 2nd spray at 2nd fortnight replication, the abamectin proved with high reduction again (97.15%), followed by cypermethrin (71.35%), deltamethrin+triazophos (63.65%) emamectin (60.75%), and triazophos (59.55%), respectively. After completion of two successive replicated sprays, it is concluded that the insecticide abamectin proved highest reduction % against both cotton borer species hence, recommended. Intensive attention to the enhancement of biological controlling agents and wise application of pesticides is the best solution for future endeavours.

Efficacy of Selected Insecticides against Shoot and Fruit Borer, Earias vittella (Fabricius.) on Okra

A field experiment was carried out at Central Research Farm (CRF), SHUATS, Uttar Pradesh, India, during the Kharif season (autumn reap) for a total of three months, from mid-July to mid-October, 2022. The seven treatments—Indoxacarb 14.5% SC (T1), Deltamethrin 2.8% EC (T2), Karanjin oil (T3), Metarhizium anisopliae 1*108 CFU (T4), Neem oil 5% (T5), Emamectin benzoate 5% SG (T6), Spinosad 45% SC (T7), and control plot (T8)—were each replicated thrice in the experiment. Data regarding Earias vittella infection percentage of the first and second sprays showed that all treatments were much better than the control. The lowest percent infestation of Earias vittella was recorded by Deltamethrin 2.8% EC (17.745% & 13.608%), which was followed by Emamectin benzoate 5% SG (18.837% & 15.777%), Spinosad 45% SC (19.610% & 16.565%), Indoxacarb 14.5% SC (20.092% & 18.147%), Neem oil 5% (20.602% & 18.900%), Karanjin oil 5% (22.080% & 21.639%), Metarhizium anisopliae 1*108 CFU (22.710% & 21.837%). Deltamethrin 2.8% EC produced the largest output, 129 q/ha, as well as the highest B:C ratio (1:5.45). It was followed by Emamectin benzoate 5% SG (1:5.31), Spinosad 45% SC (1:5.19), Indoxacarb 14.5% SC (1:4.93), Neem oil 5% (1:4.76), Karanjin oil 5% (1:4.64), and Metarhizium anisopliae 1*108CFU (1:4.58) when compared to control plot (1:3.01) whose B:C ratio is very low.