E-voting System Research Articles

Cyber Democracy Versus Controlling Shareholders: The Implications of E-Voting System for Corporate Governance

Based on the ideology of cyber democracy, Taiwan government has just begun to require the publicly-listed companies to implement the practice of e-voting system in stockholder meetings since 2012. One of the objectives of this mandate is to promote stockholder's activism to rectify the phenomenon of excess control associated with controlling shareholders, who dominate the boards of directors but own disproportionate ownership, to comply with the principle of one-share-one-vote. Though with good intention, the effectiveness of the e-voting system remains a question, given that it has been implemented only for a short period of time. In addition, the function of some auxiliary practices to supplement e-voting system such as director nomination also needs to be tested. This study proposes three hypotheses regarding the relationships among e-voting, board nomination, excess control, and firm performance. Using the data of 829 Taiwanese publicly-listed companies across the time period between 2012 and 2014, this study finds that the separate adoption of e-voting and board nomination increases the level of excess control and is, thus, detrimental to firm performance. On the other hand, the simultaneous adoption of the two practices can significantly decrease the level of excess control of controlling shareholders, which, in turn, contributes to firm performance. The findings bring important implications to corporate governance and policy formulation of the administration.

KawalPilpres2019: a highly secured real count voting escort architecture

This paper reports on the highly secured information security architecture used by the KawalPilpres 2019 to escort Voting Commission (KPU) data entry. For the first time, a voting escort implements ISO 27001 compliance information security. As of 15 May 2019, 9550 volunteers reported 482,602 voting data of 336,445 voting booths, both in the country and overseas, through the micro-apps KawalPilpres2019. PeSanKita is used as a secure communication channel and to run micro-apps KawalPilpres2019. Double Ratchet Algorithm secures the channel. Different from other voting escort initiatives, KawalPilpres2019 uses (1) primarily C1 Plano photo, (2) no upload limit per voting booth, (3) no web upload, rather via PeSanKita Secured Platform. Behind the scenes, the verification process is done twice before displaying data to the publicly accessible monitoring web. The result is a robust voting escort system, difficult to hack and guarantee data integrity. Guaranteed security, availability, and data integrity are the main requirements for future eVoting systems.

Secure Online E-voting Protocol Based on Voters Authentication

Although there are many e-voting systems present by analysis it is found that they all are vulnerable to privacy risk and weakness of unreliable protocols and denial of service attacks. Here is the need to implement the public key encryption e-voting system. The primary objective of this system is to make ensure reliability, privacy and security of the protocol and voting is convenience to users. As a result of the specification requirements, the system was summarized into three parts: access control process which limit access to a system or to any other resource. Secondly, voting process was done by encrypting voter's electronic ballot before submitting to the server. Finally, the final result was sorted through deciphering the received encrypted information. The System is more efficient than other E-Voting systems, since voters can vote from their devices without extra cost and effort, and encryption ensures the security. A pseudo random number is generated using the OTP principle, is used by the voter for authentication purpose while casting the vote. These techniques provide a secure platform, thus exceeding vulnerabilities of the traditional voting system.

A Implementation of Secure and Strategic E-Voting System using the Algorithmic Security Visualization

E-Voting is one of the advance techniques which is imposed for the Voters to a get advancement in casting their vote towards to their desired candidate. The E-Voting is implemented in various other countries with the various methodologies as per their need. This paper evaluates a Unique method for the process of e-voting with the proper authentication from the government servers and also it authenticates the e-Voting machine using the proper authentication process and allows the voter to cast their vote towards the desired candidate. The System uses the Specific Security Strategic Algorithm which is used for the providing of the efficient security to the both Voter and Voter Machine. The Chances of the Jail Breaking of the Communication channel of the system server and e-Voting Machine is reduced to minimal level that the no chances of data breach or the data leak can be entertained. Following of the proper architectural approach which makes the system more efficient which achieves the higher range of the accuracy and throughput value when compared with the other imposed E-Voting System. The strategic policies used in the system complies with all the security rules and terms that provides the evidences of a better architecture gives the process of the E-Voting system more secure and specific

Investigating performance constraints for blockchain based secure e-voting system

Voting is one of the fundamental pillars of modern democracy. Continuous efforts have been made to strengthen the processes and methods involved to achieve verifiable, transparent voting systems. In recent years, blockchain has been increasingly used to address multi-dimensional challenges across widespread application domains including healthcare, finance and e-voting. However, achieving an efficient solution via use of blockchain requires consideration of a range of factors such as block generation rate, transaction speed, and block size which have a profound role in determining the overall performance of the solution. Current research into this aspect of blockchain is focused on Bitcoin with the objective to achieve comparable performance as of existing online payment systems such as VISA. However, there exists a gap in literature with respect to investigating performance constraints for wider application domains. In this paper, we present our efforts to address this gap by presenting a detailed study into performance and scalability constraints for an e-voting system. Specifically, we conducted rigorous experimentation with permissioned and permissionless blockchain settings across different scenarios with respect to voting population, block size, block generation rate and transaction speed. The experiments highlighted interesting observations with respect to the impact of these parameters on the overall efficiency and scalability of the e-voting model including trade-offs between different parameters as well as security and performance.

A Decentralized E-Voting System Based on Blockchain Network

This paper describes a decentralized electronic voting system using blockchain technology with peer-to-peer network rather than the centralized voting system of server-client structure. In the proposed system, an Ethereum-based private blockchain network is configured and decentralized applications are implemented to store and distribute voting data to all nodes participating in the network to create secure and reliable electronic voting system. Smart contracts for electronic voting are implemented using the Solidity language and distributed to a configured network so that all users can view and vote on elections, and voting data are shared and contrasted by all users in the network, which makes it possible to build a safer and more reliable electronic voting system without third party involvement.

Multi-criteria Evaluation + Positional Ranking Approach for Candidate Selection in E-voting

E-voting is one of the most important components of e-democracy and includes interesting research topics, such as the mechanisms of participation in elections, technological solutions to e-voting and the efficient application of those in e-voting. Currently, there are numerous voting systems adopted in many countries of the world and each of those has specific advantages and problems. The paper explores the e-voting system as one of the main tools of e-democracy and analyzes its advantages and drawbacks. Voting results always lead to a broad debate in terms of candidate selection and of whether the candidate elected to a position is suitable for that position. At present, the selection of qualified personnel and their appointment to responsible positions in public administration is one of the topical issues. In the paper, multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) is proposed for the selection of candidates in e-voting. The criteria for candidate selection are determined and the relationship of each candidate with the other candidates is assessed by using a binary matrix. The candidate rank is calculated according to all the criteria. In a numerical experiment, candidate evaluation is enabled based on the selected criteria and ranked by using a positional ranking approach. The proposed model allows for the selection of a candidate with the competencies based on the criteria set out in the e-voting process and the making of more effective decisions as well.

Blockchain Based E-Voting System for India Using UIDAI's Aadhaar

With the current rise in the demand and usage of the blockchain technology for a variety of purposes, ranging from finance, medical, identification amongst others, major focus has been dedicated towards its legal implications rather than leveraging on the practical applications in administration. In this paper, we discuss the concepts of blockchain and how it can be implemented as an efficient solution towards public voting while aiming to destroy the disadvantages of the current voting system in India, at the same time providing a better, more reliable, secure and transparent means of public governance. We also aim to provide an exemplified voting solution for India with the integration of the current Aadhaar identification system as implemented by UIDAI.

Chaintegrity: blockchain-enabled large-scale e-voting system with robustness and universal verifiability

Blockchain-enabled voting (BEV) systems have emerged as the next generation of modern electronic voting (e-voting) systems, because the immutable property of the blockchain has made itself a perfect distributed ballot box. Further, recent investigations have utilized the smart contract to build a decentralized autonomous voting application over blockchain. We identify nine critical desiderata, such as scalability, verifiability, and robustness, that a BEV system can and should achieve. However, we find that existing BEV systems violate at least one of the nine desiderata. In light of this deficiency, we propose a novel BEV system, named Chaintegrity, that fulfills all the specified desiderata. In addition, to make our system more cost-effective, we also propose a hybrid data structure which combines the counting Bloom filter and the Merkle hash tree for fast authentication. To enhance robustness, we as well introduce the code-voting technique as a component in our system. Our empirical results also show that our system achieves high efficiency and enjoys low computational and communication overhead.

E-Voting in India Using Blockchain and It’s Modus Operandi

Creating an environment to fulfill the basic requirement of E-Voting is indeed a challenge for long time. Blockchain, distributed peer to peer technology has wide range of applications from financial to non-financial sectors. It can be utilized in E-Voting system as well. Electronic casting a ballot or e-casting a ballot has been in existence since seventies. The E-Voting system and its requirements are identified in this paper along with some limitations of the Blockchain in E-Voting system. The blockchain has obvious advantages of increased efficiency, increased productivity and less prone to error over paper based voting system. This paper presents the potential benefits of using the blockchain which can effectively be used in e-casting the votes. The proposed model is based on the fundamental requirements of e-casting to the verification of voters. The limitations of the blockchain with regards to E-Voting is also presented in this paper.

A Multimodal Biometrics for Aadhaar Based Secured E-Voting System

False polling is still a significant issue in elections in the latest moments. In this job, an effort is made to fix this issue using current Aadhaar card database and electoral biometrics. This scheme authenticates electors by combining multimodal biometrics such as picture, eye, and palm printing, after which registration is verified by verifying the age that enables only qualified applicants to register. The time needed for authentication is decreased by using the corresponding Aadhaar amount and multimodal biometrics. This is authentication will be achieved by inspecting whether the registered Aadhaar amount and multimodal biometrics match or not without linking it with the entire biometric database to boost authentication pace. The polling of ballots will be performed automatically so that space is decreased and results can be announced in less moment. The improvisations strive to increase the system's safety, efficiency, efficiency, scalability. This suggested a safe internet e-voting system (EVS) that utilizes as its backend UIDAI or Aadhaar database. In this job, the entry pictures are originally preprocessed and the removal of features is achieved using Improved Gabor filters. Enhanced Support Vector Machine Algorithm (eSVM) is used to match and classify features development of this scheme will render the polling method more comfortable and can, therefore, contribute to enhanced turn-out. Using this multimodal biometric system for voting purposes, election rigging was easily avoided.

Confidentiality Preserving Instant Runoff Voting System

Voting is a mandatory application in any democratic country for decision making. The E-voting gives the promise or confidence of giving or delivering a convenient, straight forward and economical results. E-Voting system used many cryptographic methods to reduce the security problems in the election process. Voting is one of the essential activity which is used in various applications from student’s secretory elections, reality television shows, to national elections. With the goal of better efficiency, scalability, speed and lower cost, voting is currently changed from paper based to the use of electronic medium. This is targeted to meet better security, such that voting result gives true opinion of the voters. As of late in cryptography a few changes enable us to run troublesome calculations inside the encoded area. In democratic countries like India, Instant Runoff voting method is used in election of the President of India. In IRV, voter can vote by ranking the candidates in order of preference. To protect voter’s privacy, encryption is mostly used to ensure security in open network such as the internet. The cryptosystem based on Elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) is becoming the latest technology of public key cryptography. In proposed E-voting system, voter’s confidentiality is maintained by ECC, blind signature is used for ballot anonymity and authentication. This proposed scheme will effectively ensure confidentiality, anonymity and integrity of ballot in instant runoff voting method.

Confidentiality Preserving Instant Runoff Voting System

Voting is a mandatory application in any democratic country for decision making. The E-voting gives the promise or confidence of giving or delivering a convenient, straight forward and economical results. E-Voting system used many cryptographic methods to reduce the security problems in the election process. Voting is one of the essential activity which is used in various applications from student’s secretory elections, reality television shows, to national elections. With the goal of better efficiency, scalability, speed and lower cost, voting is currently changed from paper based to the use of electronic medium. This is targeted to meet better security, such that voting result gives true opinion of the voters. As of late in cryptography a few changes enable us to run troublesome calculations inside the encoded area. In democratic countries like India, Instant Runoff voting method is used in election of the President of India. In IRV, voter can vote by ranking the candidates in order of preference. To protect voter’s privacy, encryption is mostly used to ensure security in open network such as the internet. The cryptosystem based on Elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) is becoming the latest technology of public key cryptography. In proposed E-voting system, voter’s confidentiality is maintained by ECC, blind signature is used for ballot anonymity and authentication. This proposed scheme will effectively ensure confidentiality, anonymity and integrity of ballot in instant runoff voting method.

Knights and Knaves Run Elections: Internet Voting and Undetectable Electoral Fraud

The cryptographic weaknesses recently discovered in SwissPost's e-voting system are described in this article. We explain how they relate to security problems in other Internet voting systems and discuss the necessary principles for building trustworthy elections.

Securing e-voting based on blockchain in P2P network

Electronic voting (e-voting) is an electronic means for casting and counting votes. It is an efficient and cost-effective way for conducting a voting procedure, which has characteristic of being magnanimous data and real time and requesting high safety. However, concerns on security of networking and privacy of communication for e-voting have been grown. Securing e-voting is very urgent and has becoming a popular topic in the area of communications and networking. We present techniques to exploit blockchain in P2P network to improve the security of e-voting. First, we design a synchronized model of voting records based on distributed ledger technology (DLT) to avoid forgery of votes. Second, we design a user credential model based on elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) to provide authentication and non-repudiation. Third, we design a withdrawal model that allows voters to change their vote before a preset deadline. By integrating the above designs, a blockchain-based e-voting scheme in P2P network is proposed for essential requirements of e-voting process. To prove and verify the scheme, a blockchain-based e-voting system for multiple candidates has been designed on Linux platforms in P2P network. The system involves electronic voting theory, cryptography, and software engineering theory. The implementation result shows that it is a practical and secure e-voting system, which solves the problem on forgery of votes during e-voting. The blockchain-based e-voting system can be applied to a variety of networking applications directly.

Design and Development of Real-Time E-Voting System with High Security Features

Design and Development of Real-Time E-Voting System with High Security Features

Heterogeneous deniable authentication and its application to e-voting systems

An electronic voting (e-voting) system allows voters to cast their votes secretly and securely over a public channel. Security is the critical issue that should be considered in such a system. In this paper, we propose a heterogeneous deniable authentication (HDA) protocol for e-voting systems. The proposed protocol allows a sender in a certificateless cryptography (CLC) environment to transmit a message to a receiver in a public key infrastructure (PKI)environment. Our protocol admits security proof in the random oracle model under the bilinear Diffie–Hellman (BDH) and computational Diffie–Hellman (CDH) assumptions. Additionally, our protocol provides batch verification, which can accelerate the verification of authenticators. Comprehensive analysis shows that our protocol is highly suitable for practical e-voting systems.

A Study on the Conceptual Model of an E-Voting System based on Blockchain

A Study on the Conceptual Model of an E-Voting System based on Blockchain

Multi-level multi-secret sharing scheme for decentralized e-voting in cloud computing

The cryptosystem-based data privacy preserving methods employ high computing power of cloud servers, where the main feature is to allow resource sharing and provide multi-user independent services. Therefore, to achieve the rapid allocation and release of resource sharing in cloud computing, decentralized cryptographic protocols need to be proposed for multi-user consensus systems. In this work, we first present a multi-secret sharing scheme with multi-level access structure, where the secret reconstruction algorithm satisfies the additive homomorphism. The secret sharing scheme needs no trusted third parties and any user can play the role of dealer. In the designing, multiple target secrets are independently shared, where each subset of users forms a sub-access structure and shares one target secret only with a short secret share. This scheme is efficient and unconditionally secure.Furthermore, based on the multi-level access structures, a decentralized multi-role e-voting protocol is designed using Chinese Remainder Theorem, where each role’s election is associated with one sub-access structure. The voters employ a shared parameter to blind the sum of ballot values. Meanwhile, the e-voting scheme supports a public verification for the final election results. Compared with the existing e-voting protocols, our e-voting system does not require any authority center and the cloud server runs vote counting. And our e-voting scheme does not need any high-complexity computational cost operation such as module exponential operation, etc. Finally, the common feature of Blockchain and Ad Hoc networks is decentralized. Thus the main idea of this protocol without a trusted third party can be used to achieve a secure consensus among multiple nodes in Blockchain and Ad Hoc network, meanwhile, the consensus results can be verified.

Individual Verifiability Metric in e-Voting System

Individual Verifiability Metric in e-Voting System