E-government Era Research Articles

Exploring the evolution of leadership in government: a bibliometric study from e-government era into the digital age

Exploring the evolution of leadership in government: a bibliometric study from e-government era into the digital age

Analisis Penerapan Tanda Tangan Elektronik Pada Tata Naskah Dinas Elektronik (Attandie) Di Direktorat Jenderal Kependudukan Dan Pencatatan Sipil

The existence of technology has become insignificant and affects all activities and human life in the world. As in today's era, almost everything is dependent on technology. Information technology in the e-government era can make it easy for people to obtain information and communicate interactively. Because with this technology, we can get information quickly. Information obtained through communication technology makes it easier for an organization to cooperate with each other in achieving the goals of the organization. Therefore the use of technology needs to be optimized and developed so as not to experience backwardness in obtaining information. This study aims to analyze the application of electronic signatures to the electronic official document system at the Jakarta Directorate General of Population and Civil Registration using qualitative research methods by collecting data through recording and observation. The theory used is Grindle's policy implementation theory. Based on the results of the research and discussion above, it can be concluded that the application of electronic signatures to the electronic official document system at the Directorate General of Population and Civil Registration in Jakarta in general has a positive impact and eases the work of its employees.

Participatory Mapping in Community Participation – Case Study of Jeseník, Czech Republic

Abstract Community participation has entered the 21st century and the era of e-participation, e-government and e-planning. With the opportunity to use Public Participation Support Systems, Computer-Aided Web Interviews and crowdsourcing mapping platforms, citizens are equipped with the tools to have their voices heard. This paper presents a case study of the deployment of such an online mapping platform in Jeseník, Czech Republic. In total, 533 respondents took part in the online mapping survey, which included six spatial questions. Respondents marked 4,714 points and added 1,538 comments to these points. The main aim of the research was to find whether there were any significant differences in the answers from selected groups (age, gender, home location) of respondents. The results show largest differences in answers of various (below 20 and above 20 year) age groups. Nevertheless further statistical examination would be needed to confirm the visual comparison.

The influence of Human Resource Management Information System (HRMIS) Application towards Employees Efficiency and Satisfaction

The transformation of human resource information management activities from traditional practice to urban computerization method in some way lead to dissatisfaction amongst some government employees. However, this transformation is necessary in E-Government era as its allow employees to accomplish human resource function in more effective and efficient manner. In response to this emerging trend, government has introduced HRMIS application for government organization. HRMIS application is one of the integrated e-government services that provide single interface for government employees to perform human resource function and act as a central database for public sector. In relation to this, a study is conducted to investigate the influence of Human Resources Management Information Systems (HRMIS) towards employees’ efficiency and satisfaction after the implementation of the system. The study involves 191 employees from different departments at Terengganu Police Contingent. A simple random sampling was used to collect the data and were analysed using reliability analysis, descriptive frequency analysis, and Pearson’s correlation analysis. When these variables were tested simultaneously, the result shows that HRMIS application, user characteristics and organization support have positive influence on Terengganu Police Contingent employees’ satisfaction. The study also provides valuable insight to various stakeholders particularly to the policy makers, and organizational members about the importance of HRMIS enforcement in the organization.

Re-locating accountability through technology

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the implications of e-government for horizontal/social accountability (to citizens) by looking into its shifting location. Its main purpose is to show how the introduction of information and communication technology in the public sector changes how public sector work is organised, shifting the traditional sources of accountability and to discuss the implications of those changes.Design/methodology/approachThe study comes from desk-based research that brings together the literature on electronic government and accountability studies and situates them in the context of a bureaucratic public sector.FindingsIt shows that e-government entails digitalization of public sector work by restructuring work, re-organising public information and knowledge and re-orientating officials-citizens relation. It argues that in the e-government era accountability is inscribed in the technology and its embodied standards; is a horizontal technological relation that renders officials accountable to the handling of digital interfaces; and renders citizens co- producers of digital information responsible for bringing the public to account. The paper shows that these changes do not necessarily bring better or worse accountability results but change the sources of accountability bringing shifts in its locations, thereby rendering it more precarious. The paper ends by discussing the implications of digital accountability for good public administration.Originality/valueWith the unprecedented level of attention currently being paid to “digital government” at the moment, this is a timely paper that seeks to address the accountability implications of these shifts. The study offers a practice-based, relational definition of accountability and a Weberian account of bureaucratic government, followed by an exploration of ways in which this is being challenged or replaced with a new informatisation enabled/supported by new “technologies of accountability”.

An Information Management Framework for the Support of E-Government in Zimbabwe

It has come as a fact that the use of Information and Communication Technologies has come to stay in this world. It aids the implementation of the emerging and irresistible e-government concept that seems to be the in-thing the world over. Zimbabwe has also joined the world by ascertaining its commitment to e-government as witnessed by its promulgation of various e-government services. However, despite the government of Zimbabwe having committed itself to e-government, it is of concern to note that up to this day, the country is operating without a clear information management policy or strategy that will guide and direct all the information management practitioners in the country. This comes as a great weakness in this day and age when the government of Zimbabwe has declared its intentions to subscribe to the e-government concept both in principle and in practice. Although the country has managed to survive without a clearly defined information policy in the pre e-government era, chances of it rolling out an effective and sustainable e-government policy on the same foundation are very slim, given the importance of well managed information as a pillar of sound e-government. The paper employed document analysis as its methodology in which Zimbabwe National Information and Communication Policy (ICT) Policy Framework of 2005 and the Ministry of Information Communication Technology’s (MICT) Strategic Plan (2010-2014) were reviewed and assessed the extent to which they sufficed to serve as information management frameworks that can support e-governance in Zimbabwe. The study revealed that there are ICT policies that are meant to serve as ICT strategies for the country but none of them has been put to test and such policies are very piecemeal at best as far as their coverage of information management is concerned. The first policy of such nature was the Zimbabwe National Information and Communication Policy (ICT) Policy Framework of 2005 that was developed by the government of Zimbabwe. This was followed by the Ministry of Information Communication Technology’s (MICT) Strategic Plan (2010-2014) which was being led by the then Minister Nelson Chamisa in the Government of National Unity (GNU). Following the dismantling of the GNU, the MICT was also dismantled and a new Ministry known as the Ministry of Information and Communication Technology, Postal and Courier Services that was headed by then Minister Webster Shamu came up with a new draft policy to guide ICT in Zimbabwe. Ironically, that new policy did not see the light as the then Minister was relieved of his duties and the new and incumbent Minister; Mr Supa Mandiwanzira came up with a new draft to guide the ICT operations in Zimbabwe. Despite all these developments, it remains of concern to notice that none of these policies ever prioritised information management as a strategic pillar of e-government. It is the argument of these authors that without the country’s e-government strategy being governed by a sound information management policy that will ensure the creation, management, and preservation of information, the concept will suffer the consequences in retrospect, to the detriment of the concept and the citizens. The study further revealed that the present policies are only addressing technical issues such as network and infrastructural issues of information management, yet other important aspects such as preservation, disposal and legal issues of information management are neglected. The study recommends a new framework that is comprehensive in terms of all the facets of information management. The framework covers all the relevant information management players such as archivists, librarians, records managers and the ICT personnel who should work together so as to collectively manage national information that support e-governance which Zimbabwe has just embarked on. The study further recommends that every government department has an information manager and the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting Services should be the one in charge of the information management framework and oversee its implementation.

An authentication scheme for multi-server environments based on chaotic maps

In the present e-commerce and e-government era, user authentication schemes have become more and more important, through which the user and the server could authenticate each other and generate a session key to encrypt the message. The extended chaotic map is very suitable for the cryptography since there are subtle and close relationships between the properties of traditional cryptosystems and chaotic systems. Recently, many extended chaotic maps-based authentication schemes have been proposed for different applications. However, most of them are designed for a single server environment and result in users needing to register many times when they want to access different application servers. Besides, the only two extended chaotic maps-based authentication schemes for multi-server environment suffer from security vulnerability. In this paper, we proposed a new user authentication scheme for multi-server environments using extended chaotic maps. We also give a proof that the security of the proposed scheme could withstand various attacks and satisfy other requirements in multi-server environments.

Observing organisational transformation of the public sector in the e-government era

Purpose– The purpose of this study is to develop a more comprehensive framework that would provide better insight into the characteristics of organisational transformation (OT) of the public sector organisations in the e-government era. Despite the widespread opinion that successful implementation of information communication technology (ICT) is strongly correlated with the appropriate OT of the public sector, a critical analysis of the available literature within the field indicates that this important dimension of e-government development has been dealt with only partially. Accordingly, the paper attempts the following: to develop a more comprehensive framework for observing OT, to empirically explain the framework through analysis of three Slovenian e-government projects and to develop some general characteristics of ICT-induced OT in the public sector.Design/methodology/approach– The development of the framework is based on an analysis of the available literature, whereas the explanation of such is based on a multiple-case study approach.Findings– The paper contributes to a clearer understanding of what the main characteristics of OT in the e-government era are and how they should be observed.Research limitations/implications– The findings can help researchers to more accurately focus their attention on the most critical aspects of OT. The identified attributes can provide an important basis for future research, particularly from the methodological perspective.Practical implications– The framework can help public managers to focus their attention on the most important attributes of ICT-induced OT to exploit ICT potentials more efficiently.Originality/value– The paper attempts to demystify the concept of OT in the e-government field and place it in a more solid theoretical and empirically explained framework.

On Application of E-Government 2.0 in Basic Public Services

Although the construction of E-government in our country has advanced into the era of E-government 2.0 from E-government 1.0, whose development greatly promotes the integration and improvement of governmental public service and management ability. Basic government is the main supplier of lots of public services,and for basic government,using E-government 2.0 to provide and to improve public service is an important mean to improve service quality and efficiency.However,in practice,E-government still faces obstacles in aspects of concept,institution and resource in the application of basic public service.Eliminating these obstacles,and promoting E-government 2.0 to function,will further improve the efficiency and level of basic public service.

E-government and organisational transformation of government: Black box revisited?

During the e-government era the role of technology in the transformation of public sector organisations has significantly increased, whereby the relationship between ICT and organisational change in the public sector has become the subject of increasingly intensive research over the last decade. However, an overview of the literature to date indicates that the impacts of e-government on the organisational transformation of administrative structures and processes are still relatively poorly understood and vaguely defined.The main purpose of the paper is therefore the following: (1) to examine the interdependence of e-government development and organisational transformation in public sector organisations and propose a clearer explanation of ICT's role as a driving force of organisational transformation in further e-government development; and (2) to specify the main characteristics of organisational transformation in the e-government era through the development of a new framework. This framework describes organisational transformation in two dimensions, i.e. the ‘depth’ and the ‘nature’ of changes, and specifies the key attributes related to the three typical organisational levels.

A new digital signature scheme based on chaotic maps

In the present e-commerce and e-government era, digital signatures have become more and more important. Digital signature algorithms can be categorized based on the type of security suppositions, for example discrete logarithm, factorization hard-problems, and elliptic curve cryptography, which are all currently believed to be unsolvable in a reasonable time period. Recently, cryptosystems based on chaotic maps have been proposed. Due to some subtle and close relationships between the properties of traditional cryptosystems and chaotic systems, the idea of chaotic systems with applications to cryptography has received a great deal of attention from researchers from a variety of disciplines. Therefore, to enhance system security, we explore the implementation of a digital signature algorithm based on both cryptographic and chaotic system characteristics. We also give a proof that the security of the proposed scheme can protect against the known key attacks.

Transformational Government? The role of information technology in delivering citizen-centric local public services

Following on from five years of ‘electronic government’, the Labour Government has recently announced a new five year plan for ‘transformational government’. Like its predecessor, t-government emphasises the important role of information technology in enabling the delivery of modernised public services. Modernisation is defined as an increasing emphasis on citizen choice, personalisation of services and understanding and responding to service user needs. This paper explores the appropriateness of the t-government agenda by drawing upon lessons learned from the preceding e-government era. Arguably the most significant citizen-focused technology of the e-government era was customer relationship management. The potential of CRM to support service transformation is explored and co-production, an alternative approach to citizen-centric service design, is examined both as a way of addressing weaknesses in IT-enabled service transformation and as a candidate later stage in the evolution of citizen-centric local public services.

Applying participatory design and collaboration in digital public services for discovering and re-designing e-Government services

E-Government projects are currently service oriented, focusing on the implementation and diffusion of digital public services through one-stop points of access for citizens. E-Government strategic plans are political, directed at cost and time minimization during the execution of public services, and they do not take into account citizen needs or public administration operating procedures. Although these plans have led to the development of projects that have succeeded in cost and time savings for both citizens and public administration, surveys conducted around the world show that users evaluate digital public services and do not hesitate to return to traditional methods rather than using digital channels to transact with the public administration again; neither would they recommend the use of digital services to others. This article presents collaborative and participatory tools and methods designed to exploit the knowledge and experience of public servants in the improvement and execution of custom and non-automated public services. Collaborative tools can succeed in the development of real one-stop shops for e-Government, while on the other hand they can encourage both citizens and civil servants to participate in the e-Government era.

A Government Reform Strategy in the Era of E-Government: The U.S. Federal Enterprise Architecture

Though out the long history of public administration, government reform has been considered as a comprehensive planned change that designed to improve the overall performance in such criteria of efficiency, effectiveness, accountability, and responsibility of the government. This paper reviewed the U.S. government's reform efforts, especially E-government reform for the last ten years. The U.S. federal government has developed “Enterprise Architecture (EA)” program as a government reform strategy based on E-government system. The EA with the Business Reference Model (BRM) identifies the federal government's business operations and the agencies that perform them. The EA information supports to reduce functional redundancy among agencies and to prevent potential redundant budget expenditure in the federal governments' business lines, ultimately resulting in cost saving and productivity growth. The U.S. federal EA with the BRM provides useful implications for the theory and the practice of government reform that pursues high level of the overall performance, and transparent public administration

The Coordination of e-Government in Historical Context

The paper traces the history of IT coordination in government, from the early 1950s to the current e-government environment. Particular attention will be paid to the organizations that have been charged with coordination over the decades, and how they differed in terms of approach and success. It is argued that IT coordination from the centre has largely been ineffective, and protagonists have consistently been uncertain as to what should be done with government IT. This uncertainty and inadequacy has continued into the e-government era, and some of the efforts of the Office of the e-Envoy in particular seem misplaced and overambitious. The paper concludes that central government should remedy the fundamentals of departmental IT project management before wide-ranging joined up' e-government schemes can be attempted.

The New Face of Government: Citizen-Initiated Contacts in the Era of E-Government

Dramatic developments in information technology are transforming society, challenging our nation’s many governments to keep pace. As e-governance grows in popularity, Web pages could well become the new face of government. But how are citizens responding? We suggest that government Web sites may provide a new vehicle for citizen-initiated contacts with government, and, drawing from the literature on those traditional contacts, we propose a number of hypotheses on citizen interaction with government via the Web. To test those hypotheses, we examine data from a survey concerning how Georgians are contacting government via the Web. We find that citizen visits to governmental Web sites are increasingly common, and as such appear to have become a major new form of the traditional citizen-initiated contact. To date, however, most of these Web contacts have been made only to obtain information, thus lacking the interactive quality crucial to other citizen-initiated contacts. As an encouraging finding for government, visitors to governmental Web sites appear to be mostly pleased with their experiences, rating those sites as at least comparable in quality to other Web sites. A discouraging finding, however, is that the demographics of these visitors suggest cause for concern, since the digital divide is even more pronounced among government Web site visitors than among Internet users in general. In the concluding section, we discuss the implications of the findings for government and for future research. One of the most remarkable and dramatic changes in recent decades has been the explosion of interest in the Internet, with the phenomenon of e-commerce—unheard of only a decade ago—becoming in just a few years a principal growth area in the American economy. As use of the Web by the private sector has grown, the public sector has followed closely behind, and virtually all large U.S. governments and their agencies—federal, state, and local —now having their own Web sites. As public-sector Web sites proliferate and expand in function, they are rapidly becoming a new aspect of government. Many citizens who previously would visit or call gov

The New Face of Government: Citizen-Initiated Contacts in the Era of E-Government

The New Face of Government: Citizen-Initiated Contacts in the Era of E-Government

Making the Connection: E-government and Public Administration Education

If e-government will transform how public sector organizations operate, what is the connection between e-government and public administration education? The purpose of this paper is to make that connection. The paper addresses the following questions: First, what are the emerging issues in public management in the era of e-government? Second, what does the literature say about the corresponding transformation required in public administration? Finally, what changes in public administration program curricula are necessary to respond to this transformation? This paper explores the emerging issues in public management in the era of e-government and proposes two levels of modification to the current MPA curriculum in order to connect e-government to public administration education: first, the adaptation of existing curricula to respond to emerging issues, and second, additional e-government content for leaders dealing with the transformations occurring in the way government conducts business and the perception of e-government-associated information technology by public leaders. This paper encourages students, academics, and practitioners of public administration to discuss how to make a connection between these emerging issues and public administration education.