E-glass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites Research Articles

3D integrated hollow lightweight E-glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites with excellent electromagnetic wave absorption and thermal insulation

Electromagnetic parameters regulation is still a formidable task in developing lightweight, wide bandwidth, and high-efficiency electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption materials. Here, a facile technique has been proposed by taking full advantage of 3D integrated hollow E-glass fabric, which is characterized by the typical spatial characteristic forms (U-shaped hollow structures at the level of the centimeter) to regulate EM parameters, optimizes impedance matching and enhances the absorption ability of graphene nanosheets (GNs). The minimum reflection loss (RL) of the 3D integrated hollow GN/resin composites reached −49.3 dB with an effective absorption bandwidth (RL < −10 dB) of 12.4 GHz. Comparing the density of the novel composites to that of conventional EMW absorption materials, it is lowered by an order of magnitude (0.31 g cm−3). Moreover, a good temperature drop of 100 °C was observed under an infrared thermal imager. The results indicate that the composites not only effectively alter the propagation path of EMW, increase the EM energy losses in the transmission process, but also block thermal convection and show excellent thermal insulation properties. This study provides an aggressive strategy and effective method for the development of lightweight ultra-broadband absorbing and excellent thermal insulation composites.

Effect of alumina particulate and E-glass fiber reinforced epoxy composite on erosion wear behavior using Taguchi orthogonal array

This article includes the erosion wear behavior of alumina (Al2O3) and E-glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites. The erosion wear was conducted on air jet erosion tester. Alumina was reinforced with a variation of 0–20 wt%. Five formulations were made: L1, L2, L3, L4, and L5. The reinforcement content, impact velocity, discharge, and impingement angle as machine control factors were employed for the erosion wear. Taguchi (L25) orthogonal array was used to determine erosion wear. From the Taguchi analysis, the minimum erosion rate was recorded at 10 wt% of reinforcement content, 30 m/s of impact velocity, 1 gm/min of discharge, and 45°of impingement angle. The impact velocity was found the most influential parameter affecting the erosion rate from the ANOVA analysis, with a percentage contribution of 41 %. From the investigation of the scanning electron microscope, the result shows that Al2O3 particles have more interaction with polymer matrix and good stress transfer properties.

Effect of Technological Factors on some Properties of Composite tube with Epoxy Resin K-153 Matrix

The tube is made of polymer composite material based on K-153 epoxy resin (K-153 epoxy resin is made from ED-20 epoxy resin modified by thiokol and oligomer acrylate), T-13 glassfiber, hardener polyethylenepolyaminemade by wrapping on machine. The effect of drying temperature on mechanical properties (tensile strength, flexural strength) of polymercomposite materialwas studied. The paper also mentions to select suitable hardener to beused for polymercomposite tube wrapping. The results show that the strength at break, flexural strength of polymercomposite material are changedmuch when changing wrapping angle. The drying temperature increases, the curing time of polymercomposite material is much reduced. The time to stabilize after drying also greatly affects the pressure resistance of polymer composite tubes.&#x0D; Keywords&#x0D; Polymercomposite, K-153, tensile strength, flexural strength, pressure resistance.&#x0D; References&#x0D; [1] M. J. Mochane, T. C. Mokhena, T. H. Mokhothu, Recent progress on natural fiber hybrid composites foradvanced applications: A review, eXPRESS Polymer Letters 13 (2) (2019) 159-198.[2] J. Kim, H. J. Yoon, K. Shin, A study on crushing behaviors of composite circular tubes with different reinforcing fibers, International Journal of Impact Engineering 38(4) (2014) 198-207.[3] T. D. Jagannatha1, G. Harish, Mechanical Properties of carbon/ glass fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid polymer composites, Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 4 (2) (2015) 131–137.[4] Vitalii Bezgin, Agata Dudek, Composites based on high-molecular weigh epoxy resin modified with polysulfide rubber, Composite Theory and practice 17(2) (2017) 79-83. [5] Abdouss, Majid, Farajpour, Tohid, Derakhshani, Morteza, The Effect of Epoxy-Polysulfide Copolymer Curing Methods on Mechanical-Dynamical and Morphological Properties, Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. 30(4) (2011) 37-44.[6] G. Devendhar Rao, K. Srinivasa Reddy, P. Raghavendra Rao, Mechanical properties of E-glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites with SnO2 and PTFE, International Journal of Emerging Research in Management and Technology 6 (7) (2017) 208-214.[7] Hu Dayong, Jialiang Yang, Experimental study on crushing characteristics of brittle fibre/epoxy hybrid composite tubes, International Journal of Crashworthiness 15(4) (2010) 401-412 .[8] G.U. Raju, S. Kumarappa, Experimental Study on Mechanicaland Thermal Properties of Epoxy Composites Filled with Agricultural Residue, Polymers from Renewable Resources 3 (3) (2012) 118–138.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Mechanical Properties of E-Glass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites with SnO2 and PTFE

Machining of the composites materials may be was troublesome on do as of those anisotropic also non homogeneous structures from claiming composites what's more of the helter skelter abrasiveness about their reinforcing constituents. In this study of the mechanical properties about e glass/ epoxy composite materials for fillers (SiO2 Also PTFE) need focused on with explore the materials included of the grid assistance moving forward those mechanically operating properties of a composite. Those recently produced composites are described to their mechanical properties in elasticity test eventually tensile strength test and Flexural test. Those effects of Different mechanical characterization tests would account here. Those tests result bring demonstrated that higher the filler material volume rate more excellent those quality to both SiO2 also PTFE loaded glass epoxy composites, SnO2 loaded composite hint at a greater amount manage values over PTFE.

Evaluation of Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Polyester and Epoxy Resin Matrices Reinforced with Jute, E-glass and coconut Fiber

Composite manufacturing is a novel branch of science and often finds numerous applications in several industries. Some of them are sport, automobile, aerospace and marine industries. Some of the properties that can be highlighted are good mechanical properties along with stiffness and comparatively lighter weight. There is a continuous research in this area is as the constant pursuit to achieve greater performance by changing various materials and the combinations of those with various resins are experimented. In the current work, polyester and epoxy resins were reinforced with coconut, E-glass and jute fibers of 5-6mm length and were prepared by hand layup method. The fiber and resin were taken in 18:82 weight percentages. Post production of the composites they were subjected to various physical mechanical and microstructural studies to determine various properties. The morphological features were analyzed through the microstructural study done through scanning electron microscope. In comparison with the composites manufactured, The artificial fiber reinforced composite, E-glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites exhibited superior tensile strength, flexural strength, impact toughness and hardness values. Among the natural fiber reinforced composite, coconut fiber reinforced composites exhibited better tensile, impact and hardness than its counterpart jute reinforced composites. Thus the resins reinforced with E-glass fiber had the highest mechanical properties when compared with jute fiber reinforced composites (JFRC) and coconut fiber reinforced composites (CFRC). The cost effectiveness of the natural fiber reinforced composites is also an added advantage over the artificial fiber reinforced composites.

Strength Characterization of E-glass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites with Filler Materials

In this research work, an investigation was made on the mechanical properties of E-glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites filled by various filler materials. Composites filled with varying concentrations of fly ash, aluminum oxide (Al2O3), magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) and hematite powder were fabricated by standard method and the mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile strength, impact strength and hardness of the fabricated composites were studied. The test results show that composites filled by 10% volume Mg(OH)2 exhibited maximum ultimate tensile strength and hardness. Fly ash filled composites exhibited maximum impact strength.

Design and evaluation of bio-based composites for printed circuit board application

We adopted a new approach focusing on the development of greener materials for the printed circuit boards (PCBs) in this study. The bio-based composites from soybean oil resins, chicken feathers, and E-glass fibers could potentially replace the traditional E-glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites used in PCBs. The flame retardancy of the PCB was achieved by halogen-free melamine polyphosphate and diethylphosphinic salt. The essential properties of the bio-composites/bio-PCB were evaluated, including mechanical properties, electrical properties, thermal properties, flammability, and peel strength. The properties were found promising for PCB application.

Mechanical and abrasive wear characterization of bidirectional and chopped E-glass fiber reinforced composite materials

Bi-directional and chopped E-glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites are fabricated in five different (15, 20, 25, 30 and 35) wt% in an epoxy resin matrix. The mechanical characterization of these composites is performed. The three body abrasive wear behavior of fabricated composites has been assessed under different operating conditions. Abrasive wear characteristics of these composites are successfully analysed using Taguchi’s experimental design scheme and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results obtained from these experiments are also validated against existing microscopic models of Ratner-Lancaster and Wang. It is observed that quite good linear relationships is held between specific wear rate and reciprocal of ultimate strength and strain at tensile fracture of these composites which is an indicative that the experimental results are in fair agreement with these existing models. Out of all composites fabricated it is found that tensile strength of bi-directional E-glass fiber reinforced composites increases because of interface strength enhancement. Chopped glass fiber reinforced composites are observed to perform better than bi-directional glass fiber reinforced composites under abrasive wear situations. The morphology of worn composite specimens has been examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to understand about dominant wear mechanisms.

Adhesion and Friction of E-Glass Fiber-reinforced Epoxy Composites for Tribo-applications

Adhesion and friction of E-glass fiber-reinforced epoxy (E-GFRE) composites were studied using pin-on-disc tester. The worn surfaces of the composites were examined using scanning electron microscope. The results showed that the wear resistance of E-GFRE composites can be improved by inserting approximately 5–10 wt% C-filler loading. Above 10 wt%, the wear mass loss increased linearly with increasing C-filler loading. The reinforcing C-filled E-GFRE composites have almost the same friction coefficient as the pure epoxy matrix which increased slightly on increasing C-filler loading. From the SEM microscopy observation, the main wear mechanisms for pure E-GFRE composites were plastic deformation, abrasive wear, and fatigue wear.

Binary mixture rule for predicting the dielectric properties of unidirectional E-glass/epoxy composite

Since the electromagnetic properties of fiber reinforced polymeric composite can be tailored effectively by adjusting its composition, the polymeric composite is a plausible material for fabricating the radar absorbing structures (RAS) of desired performance. In order to design the effective electromagnetic wave (EM) absorber with the fiber reinforced polymeric composite, the electromagnetic characteristics of its constituents are required in the target frequency band with respect to the content of each component of composite. In this study, the dielectric characteristics of unidirectional E-glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites were tested with the free space method, from which theoretical models and mixture equations for estimating its dielectric constant were proposed with respect to the fiber volume fractions. From the investigation, it was found that the suggested binary mixture rules agreed pretty well with the experimental results.

Characterization of electromagnetic properties of polymeric composite materials with free space method

The introduction of microwave radars during the second World War altered the air defense scenario significantly, and this led to the development of the “stealth” techniques. By reducing the detectability of aircrafts or warships, of which the radar cross section (RCS) is a measure, they could evade radar detection, which affected not only the mission success rate but also survival of them in the hostile territory. In the very early stage of the research on stealth techniques, many researches were mainly concentrated on the reduction of RCS and development of radar absorbing materials (RAM), but nowadays studies on investigating the radar absorbing structures (RAS) using fiber reinforced polymeric composite materials are becoming popular research field. In this study, electromagnetic characteristics of unidirectional E-glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites were tested with free space methods, which can overcome drawbacks of conventional cavity and waveguide methods. Complex relative permittivities of low-loss composite were measured with respect to the angle between the fiber orientation and the electric field vector of EM wave in X-band frequency range. From the experimental data, empirical relation between the dielectric properties of composites and test variable was suggested and verified.

Effect of interfacial mobility on flexural strength and fracture toughness of glass/epoxy laminates

Mechanical testing and surface fractography were used to characterize the fracture of E-glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites as a function of the silane coupling agent used. γ-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS) and δ-aminobutyltriethoxysilane (ABS) were used because these have been shown to have different interfacial mobilities at multilayer coverage. The values of the properties studied generally increased from untreated <ABS- <APS-treated glass-fiber reinforced composites. Strength and critical energy release rates were more sensitive to the coupling agent used, than the modulus. The flexural strengths of untreated, ABS-, and APS-treated glass-fiber reinforced composites were 449 ± 40, 510 ± 19, and 566 ± 9 MPa (dry state); and 389 ± 23, 459 ± 7, and 510 ± 54 MPa (wet state), respectively. The critical energy release rate, Gc, as determined from a Mode I translaminar fracture toughness tests, for the untreated composites (10.5 ± 0.4 kJ/m2) was lower than that for the ABS-treated composites (14.3 ± 2.1 kJ/m2) which was lower than that for the APS-treated composites (17.1 ± 2.4 kJ/m2). Macroscopic observations showed that a larger fiber debonding area was formed in the crack tip region for the untreated glass composites, suggesting poorer bonding compared to those treated with coupling agents. Since these silanes have similar chemistry, the differences were attributed to differences in the interfacial mobility of the coupling agent layers.

Friction and wear properties of E-glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites under different sliding contact conditions

This paper presents an experimental study of friction and wear properties of a unidirectional oriented E-glass fiber reinforced epoxy (E-GFRE) composite. Friction and wear experiments were conducted in the normal direction of the fiber orientation against a cylindrical counterface using a pin-on-ring technique for different sliding surface conditions. Friction coefficient and wear rate at various normal loads and sliding velocities were determined. Improvement in friction coefficient and wear rate were observed when sliding took place against either clean or wet counterface. In addition, microscopic observations of the worn surfaces allowed to identify the involved different wear mechanisms.

On Interfacial Failure in Notched Unidirectional Glass/Epoxy Composites

The splitting mechanism in notched unidirectional glass/epoxy composites under tensile loading has been studied to gain insight into this failure process. An already- available mathematical expression based on the J-integral technique proposed by Tirosh [1] has been used for this purpose. This expression relates the length of the split crack to the in-plane elastic constants of the composite, original notch length, inter facial shear yield stress, and the applied tensile stress. This model has been used to distinguish between the quality of fiber-matrix bonding in two E-glass fiber-reinforced epoxy composites by evaluating their interfacial shear yield stress using transversely edge-notched unidirectional composites. The experimental results demonstrate that an important requirement to control the length of the split crack is higher fiber-matrix in terfacial shear yield stress. Also, the Tirosh model is found to effectively predict the progression of splitting in notched unidirectional composites.