This paper explores the impact of e-commerce on enterprise new quality productivity using financial statement data of listed companies from 2013 to 2022. The findings suggest that e-commerce significantly enhances enterprise new quality productivity by investing in science and technology, agglomerating productive service industries, and expanding market share. Furthermore, digital transformation and human capital have a significant impact on new quality productivity. E-commerce plays a more substantial role in enhancing new quality productivity for non-state-owned firms in the central and eastern regions, so listed enterprises should prioritize improving e-commerce capabilities and investing in science and technology to foster high-quality development.