E-cadherin In Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Research Articles

Expression of actinin alpha 1 and E-cadherin in oral squamous-cell carcinoma

Background Oral squamous-cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common oral malignancy with a dismal prognosis. Exploring markers predict tumor behavior, help in diagnosis, and therapy is crucial. Actinin alpha 1 (ACTN1) is known to be a prognostic biomarker in acute myeloid leukemia. It also plays a role in many tumors. The epithelial–mesenchymal transition has been suggested as one of the mechanisms of action for ACTN1. The role of ACTN1 in OSCC is still unclear. This study aimed at evaluating the role of ACTN1 in OSCC. Materials and methods This study was performed on 68 OSCC cases and 68 normal-tissue samples. Immunohistochemical staining of ACTN1 and E-cadherin was done and evaluated. Correlation to clinicopathologic parameters and survival was statistically analyzed. Results ACTN1 expression was high in 47 (69.1%) cases. E-cadherin expression was high in 27 (39.7%) cases with a significant inverse correlation between both expressions. Cases with high ACTN1/low E-cadherin expressions were significantly associated with tumor grade, stage, presence of tumor buds, lymph-node metastasis, recurrence, and distant metastasis. They also show statistically significant shorter overall survival and disease-free survival. Conclusion ACTN1 is a promising prognostic marker that correlates with tumor staging, node metastasis, and poor survival. It might also serve as a therapeutic target in OSCC. Its role in epithelial–mesenchymal transition is strongly suggested by this study.

E-cadherin as a Prognostic Biomarker in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Pilot Study at Tertiary Care Hospital

Introduction: In a recent survey of cancer mortality in India, oral cavity cancer was listed as the leading cause of mortality in men, causing 29% of cancer-related deaths. Objective: The aim is to investigate the expression of E-cadherin to elucidate its role in determining the biological activity of the disease as a reliable and potential marker. Materials and Methods: E-cadherin immune-reactivity was evaluated in ten randomly selected fields in consecutive 50 cases diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and in each case, its mean was taken for the evaluation of E-cadherin expressing cells. The distribution and intensity of immunostaining E cadherin were also semi-quantitatively evaluated. Results: The most prevalent age group involved was the fifth decade and alveolus was the main site. The most common histological subtype was found to be well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and stage IV was the most common subtype in our study. The P value was significant for association between differentiation of tumor, staining location, and expression of E-cadherin (P value-0.002). E cadherin expression was compared with mortality; we found five out of seven death cases showing strong E cadherin expression, however, this was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Clinical and histopathological characteristics of malignancy, such as metastasis, recurrence, low survival, and poor tumor differentiation, have been associated with low expression of E-cadherin in OSCC.

COMPARISON OF EXPRESSION OF E-CADHERIN IN ORAL PSEUDOEPITHELIOMATOUS HYPERPLASIA AND ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

Background: Pseudo-epitheliomatous Hyperplasia (PEH) is a benign proliferation of epithelium occurring in response to various neoplastic lesions, infections and inflammatory processes. It can be mistaken especially in small biopsies for an invasive oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The objective of this study was to determine the expression and comparison of immunohistochemical marker E-cadherin in OSCC and PEH lesions. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Histopathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan from January 2013 to March 2016. 60 paraffin embedded cases, 30 each of PEH and OSCC were retrieved and stained with haematoxylin and eosin. They were then immune-stained with E-cadherin and expression evaluated and compared in two lesions by histopathologist. Age, sex, site of lesion and E-cadherin expression were variables. Age was described by mean and SD and other variables as frequency and percentages. Results: Mean age of OSCC group was 60.1±17.3 years and PEH group 52.7±16.6 years. OSCC group included 16 (53.33%) men and 14 (46.67%) women. PEH group included 18 (60%) men and 12 (40%) women. In OSCC group, site of lesion was buccal mucosa 12 (40%) cases, gingiva 10 (33.3%), tongue 7 (23.3%) and floor of mouth 1 (3.4%) case. In PEH group, site of lesion was buccal mucosa 12 (40%) cases, tongue 11 (36.67%), gingiva 6 (20%) and palate 1 (3.3%) case. The expression of E-cadherin was negative in all 30 cases of OSCC and positive in 29/30 (96.67%) cases in PEH. Conclusion: E-cadherin can be used as an ancillary marker in the differentiation of oral squamous cell carcinoma and pseudo-epitheliomatous hyperplasia.

Correlation of E-cadherin Immunohistochemical Expression with Histopathological Grading of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Objectives:The current research was undertaken with an aim to correlate the expression of E-cadherin with histopathological grading in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. Further, the objectives of the study were to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative expressions of E-cadherin in OSCC and to correlate the number of tumor cells of OSCC, immunopositive for E-cadherin with histopathological grading of OSCC.Materials and Methods:Immunoexpression of E-cadherin antibody was evaluated in previously diagnosed, paraffin-embedded sections of 20 tissues each of well-differentiated and moderately differentiated OSCC, 17 tissues of poorly differentiated OSCC, and 10 tissues of normal oral mucosa; Chi-square test, analysis of variance, and Tukey's honestly significant difference test were employed for statistical analysis.Results:E-cadherin immunoreactivity was inversely correlated to the loss of cell differentiation. There was a significant decrease in expression of E-cadherin (P < 0.0001) in advanced cases of OSCC. Furthermore, there was a significant reduction in intensity of E-cadherin expression with advancing histological grades of OSCC.Conclusion:From the present study, it is concluded that the reduced expression of E-cadherin may be a reliable indicator of increase in the invasiveness of OSCCs.

Changed Expression of E-cadherin and Galectin-9 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas but Lack of Potential as Prognostic Markers

The survival rate for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has remained generally unchanged in the past three decades, underlining the need for more biomarkers to be developed to aid prognostication and effective management. The prognostic potential of E-cadherin expression in OSCCs has been variable in previous studies while galectin-9 expression has been correlated with improved prognosis in other cancers. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of galectin-9 and E-cadherin in OSCC and their potential as prognostic biomarkers. E-cadherin and Galectin-9 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry in 32 cases of OSCC of the buccal mucosa (13 with and 19 without lymph node metastasis), as well as 6 samples of reactive lesions and 5 of normal buccal mucosa. The expression of E-cadherin in OSCC was significantly lower than the control tissues but galectin-9 expression was conversely higher. Median E-cadherin HSCOREs between OSCCs positive and negative for nodal metastasis were not significantly different. Mean HSCOREs for galectin-9 in OSCC without lymph node metastasis (127.7 ± 81.8) was higher than OSCC with lymph node metastasis (97.9 ± 62.9) but this difference was not statistically significant. E-cadherin expression is reduced whilst galectin-9 expression is increased in OSCC. However, the present results suggest that E-cadherin and galectin-9 expression may not be useful as prognostic markers for OSCC.

口くうへん平上皮癌におけるＥ‐カドヘリンの発現：所属リンパ節転移との関連および癌化学療法による発現への影響

To test whether the expression of E-cadherin in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) might influence metastatic potential, we utilized an anti-E-cadherin monoclonal antibody, HECD-1, to immunohistochemically study SCCs obtained from 59 patients who had no history of treatment for carcinoma. E-cadherin of the SCCs were expressed on the cell surface in the following patterns: 1) all cells were strongly positive for the staining (“positive”); 2) some cells were positive but the remaining cells were negative or weakly positive (“weakly positive”); 3) all cells were almost or completely negative (“negative”). Statistical analyses revealed that the incidence of metastasis to regional lymph nodes in the “negative” and “weakly positive” cases (59.1%) was significantly higher than that in the “positive” cases (0%)(p=0.0002). In addition, metastases in multiple lymph nodes were detected in all of the “negative” cases with metastasis (p=0.0471). Moreover, the actuarial survival rate after 4 years in the “positive” cases (93.3%) was significantly higher than that after 5 years in the “negative” and “weakly positive” cases (74.5%)(p<0.05). The determination of E-cadherin expression in oral SCC is therefore expected to provide useful information with regard to prognosis. In this study, we also examined the influence of the anti-cancer agents, including cisplatin, carboplatin, peplomycin, pirarubicin, and/or doxorubicin, on the expression of E-cadherin in oral SCCs obtained from 36 patients. The patterns of HECD-1-staining differed between specimens obtained before and after chemotherapy in 14 of the 36 cases (38.9%). Moreover, increased expression of E-cadherin on the SCC cells was seen in 12 of the 14 cases (85.7%) that showed a different staining pattern after treatment. Consequently, the increased E-cadherin expression on the SCC cells may have been mediated by the anti-cancer agents.