Dyslipidemia In Diabetic Patients Research Articles

Exogenous Thyroxine Normalizes Decreased Heart Rate in Insulin Resistant OLETF Rats

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is defined as heart failure in the absence of overt clinical coronary artery disease, valvular disease, hypertension, and dyslipidemia in diabetic patients. Patients with T2DM display left ventricular dysfunction, fibrosis, and abnormal cell signaling leading to diastolic and systolic dysfunction. Increased left ventricular mass and fibrosis potentially leads to abnormal diastolic function. Substantial data exists demonstrating both insulin-dependent and non-insulin dependent diabetes impairs left ventricular function. During insulin resistance, a metabolic shift occurs favoring fatty acid metabolism at the expense of impaired glucose metabolism, leading to lipotoxicity, increased oxidative stress, and inflammation. Thyroid hormones have shown to be cardioprotective. We have previously shown exogenous thyroxine treatment increased GLUT4 translocation and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in cardiac tissue, demonstrating the potential to improve glucose metabolism and increase antioxidant defense mechanisms. Insulin resistant, Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats were used to assess the effects of exogenous thyroxine (T4) on left ventricular cardiac function and hemodynamics to assess if the previously observed improvements in cellular metabolism translated to functional improvements. Rats were assigned to three groups: (1) lean, Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO; n=7), (2) untreated OLETF (n=6), and (3) OLETF + T4 (8 μg/100g BM/d × 6 wks, n=7). Left ventricular function was measured by the pressure-volume system. Heart mass increased in untreated OLETF (1.46 ± 0.08) and treated OLETF (1.61 ± 0.16) compared to LETO (1.19 ± 0.08). Cardiac output (CO) and stroke volume were 26% and 56% greater in untreated OLETF compared to LETO. Heart rate (HR) was 27% lesser in untreated OLETF compared to LETO. While exogenous T4 did not alter CO and SV compared to untreated OLETF, it did normalize HR to LETO levels. The differences in CO between LETO and OLETF suggest that elevated T4 alters the mechanisms (SV vs HR) by which CO is elevated during MetS. The changes may be compensatory to accommodate the cardiac hypertrophy observed in the strain. American Heart Association Award # 946746 APS Porter Physiology Development Fellow (2nd year). This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Linking elevated HbA1c with atherogenic lipid profile among high risk cardiovascular patients at Qassim, Saudi Arabia.

The relationship between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and an atherogenic lipid profile which is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease is of interest. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 83 participants aged between 14 and 77 years. Their venous blood was drawn to determine the HbA1c and fasting lipid profile including total cholesterol triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) non-HDL cholesterol and the LDL/HDL ratio were also calculated. The correlations between HbA1c levels and these lipid profile parameters were analyzed. The study showed a significant correlation between HbA1c and LDL-C non-HDL-C and the LDL/HDL ratio. Although there was no significant difference in total cholesterol levels among all groups the levels of total cholesterol and HbA1c were positively correlated. HDL-C exhibited direct correlations with HbA1c there was no correlation between HbA1c and clinical characteristics except for age. Data shows that HbA1c can be used as a predictor of dyslipidemia in diabetic patients there is a significant correlation between HbA1c and an atherogenic lipid profile which highlights the importance of glycemic control in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Association of urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio with lipid abnormalities and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

While proteinuria aggravates dyslipidemia in diabetic patients, dyslipidemia further worsens proteinuria via inflammatory cytokines-mediated glomerular damage. Urinary albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) is an easy and reliable method of detecting proteinuria. This study aims to determine the association of ACR with lipid abnormalities and glycemic control in the Nepalese population. This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 201 diabetes patients visiting the outpatient department of internal medicine. Based on ACR values, patients were categorized as nonalbuminuric (less than 300μg/mg) or albuminuric (more than 300μg/mg). An unpaired t-test was used to compare the mean of various lipoproteins in these two categories. Binary logistic regression was used to check the association of ACR with sociodemographic factors (age, sex, and education), hypertension, and glycated hemoglobin. Albuminuric patients had higher mean cholesterol (192.8±53.5 vs. 184.2± 37.6; P=0.209), triglyceride (194.9±97.8 vs. 164.4±73.7; P=0.017) and low-density lipoprotein (99.9±38.4 vs. 90.0±27.4; P=0.034) but lower high-density lipoprotein (53.9±18.5 vs. 61.3±19.9; P=0.008) compared to nonalbuminuric patients. There was a significant difference in mean HbA1c values across albuminuria and nonalbuminuria groups (7.1±1.1 vs. 6.7±0.8; OR: 1.4, 95% CI=1.1-1.9, P=0.030). Urine ACR of more than 30mg/gram was associated with higher triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein levels and lower high-density lipoprotein levels. The HbA1c level strongly correlates with the development of albuminuria.

Prevalence of dyslipidaemia among diabetic patients at the Namibia Institute of Pathology, Windhoek

BackgroundDiabetes mellitus (DM) is considered as one of the deadly disorders of current times. Diabetes is associated with abnormalities in blood lipids and lipoprotein levels commonly referred to as dyslipidaemia. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of dyslipidaemia in diabetic patients in Windhoek, Namibia. The inherent danger and attendant paucity of information concerning the condition in the community motivated the study. MethodsThis was a retrospective study using state diabetic patient records at the Namibia Institute of Pathology (NIP) for the period between January 2016 and December 2018. Only patients with available records of Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and lipid profiles and aged above 18 years were considered. A total of 4,332 (1800 diabetic and 2532 non-diabetic control) cases were eventually reviewed and data was reported under 8 different age groups namely; 18–25, 26–30, 31–35, 36–40, 41–55, 56–60, 61–65 and above 65 years. 58.7% of participants were female while male participants constitute 41.3%. ResultsThe study revealed a prevalence of dyslipidaemia among diabetic patients with the older patients and females patients being more prone to the anomaly. Additionally, there is a strong correlation between abnormalities in lipid profile components and blood levels of glycosylated hemoglobin of diabetic patients in Windhoek. The age, gender and diabetes status of participants were statistically significant predictors for dyslipidaemia (P-values ˂ 0.05) and the odds for dyslipidaemia in diabetic patients is 1.51 times higher than the odds in non-diabetic control participant. ConclusionsIt was concluded from the findings of this study that diabetic patients in Windhoek, especially the female and elderly ones have a high risk of developing dyslipidaemia. Improved awareness of this finding among health providers may be instrumental in improving the management of diabetes mellitus.

Utilization of Hypolipidemic Drugs, Patterns, and Factors Affecting Dyslipidemia Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in South India.

Background The prevalence of dyslipidemia is higher in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypolipidemic drugs like statins are effective for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events. Most of the patients with type 2 diabetes have a mixed type of dyslipidemia. This study aimed to evaluate the utilization of hypolipidemic drugs, patterns, and factors affecting dyslipidemia in T2DM participants. Methods This cross-sectional observational study was approved by the institutional ethics committee (IEC) of the Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center. It was conducted for a period of one year from July 2021 to June 2022. Participants with T2DM visiting the Department of General Medicine and Endocrinology were enrolled after obtaining informed consent. Demographic details, medication history, and laboratory data were recorded in case report form and statistical measures were applied. Results Out of 237 participants enrolled in the study,the predominance (n=133, 56%) was males. The mean age of the study population was 47.92±9.17 years, and the mean duration of diabetes was 6.8±5.3 years. Out of the total participants, 164 (69%) had deranged lipid profiles. Out of them, 129 (78.65%) were on hypolipidemic drugs. Regarding drug utilization, 122 (94.6%) received statins either rosuvastatin (54%) or atorvastatin (40%). In the deranged lipid profilespattern, 24% (58) participants had oneabnormal lipid parameter and the majority 70% (166) had combined lipid profile abnormality. Factors like increased BMI were significantly associated with dyslipidemia(p=0.004). Utilization of hypolipidemic drugs was also significantly associated with the control of dyslipidemia (p<0.001). It was observed that participants who were not on lipid-lowering drugs had 5.38 times more chance ofdyslipidemia (OR=5.38; CI=2.82-10.28; p<0.001). Conclusion A high prevalence of dyslipidemia was observed among diabetic patients. Statins were the most prescribed drug in the study.BMI and lack of pharmacotherapy were found to have a statistically significant association with dyslipidemia in diabetic patients.

A Comparison of Lipid Profile in Ischemic Stroke Patiens with Diabetes Mellitus and Non-Diabetes Mellitus at Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Ciamis 2020

Diabetes mellitus causes lipid profile abnormalities, resulting in dyslipidemia in diabetic patients leading to ischemic stroke. This research aims to contrast lipid profiles in ischemic stroke patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and non-type 2 diabetes mellitus (non-T2DM) to prevent stroke recurrence, treat dyslipidemia in diabetes mellitus, and evaluate for treatment of T2DM and non-T2DM ischemic stroke patients. A cross-sectional design was conducted at RSUD Ciamis using secondary medical record data in 2020. The data was collected using a nonprobability sampling approach, with the sampling extent determined by inclusion and exclusion criteria. Univariate analysis was used to determine the quantity and calculation. Besides, an independent t-test and chi-square test was utilized to test two hypotheses in bivariate analysis. Multifaceted analysis in age, gender, hypertension, and coronary heart disease was incorporated to observe its influence on T2DM and non-T2DM ischemic stroke patients. By using four lipid profile indicators, the differences were only in the triglyceride. While the total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were insignificant. Meanwhile, hypertension and coronary heart disease (CHD) significantly affect the incidence of ischemic stroke.

Comparison of cardiovascular prognosis between triglyceride variability and exposure estimate in diabetic patients

Background and Aims : Serum triglyceride levels are an important lipid profile for dyslipidemia in diabetic patients. Recently, visit-to-visit variability of lipid profile has been suggested as a residual risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This study compared the impact on cardiovascular prognosis between the visit-to-visit variability and the cumulative exposure estimates of serum triglyceride in diabetic patients.

Management of dyslipidemia in diabetic patients: The situation in primary health care units

IntroductionCardiovascular disease is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Control of its risk factors, particularly diabetes and dyslipidemia, through reduction of LDL cholesterol, is crucial to reduce cardiovascular risk. This work aims to assess and improve the medical approach to dyslipidemia in diabetic patients. MethodsThis is a quality improvement study aimed at family doctors. It included patients with diabetics and dyslipidemia enrolled in the primary health care units of Além D’Ouro, S. Miguel and Oceanos. A quality standard was defined for each of the criteria assessed, and the results were compared using the chi-square test with p-value<0.05. Data analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel 2010® and IBM SPSS®. ResultsComparing the first and second assessments, 14.6% vs. 22.2% (p=0.016) of the patients, respectively, achieved the LDL cholesterol target level of <70 mg/dl. Of those who did not meet the target level, 11.0% vs. 13.6% (p=0.395) had their pharmacological therapy changed and 4.6% vs. 3.3% (p=0.448) had their lipid profile reassessed within three months. ConclusionsControl of dyslipidemia in patients with diabetes continues to be a major factor in the health of these patients, but it is carried out in an unsatisfactory way in the three health units studied. It is essential to increase the literacy of family doctors and to encourage the search for the best possible lipid control, in order to reduce cardiovascular risk, as well as to raise awareness among patients to increase adherence to therapy.

Management of dyslipidemia in diabetic patients: More than atheroma – The key things to understand in order to avoid a bittersweet taste

Management of dyslipidemia in diabetic patients: More than atheroma – The key things to understand in order to avoid a bittersweet taste

Correlation between Coronary Artery Diseases and Dyslipidemia in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Background: Premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) has a significant association with diabetes mellitus. There are numerous studies showing that decreasing cholesterol is effective in improving cardiovascular outcomes in people with diabetes. Objective: This study aimed to identify the correlation between coronary artery diseases (CADs) and dyslipidemia in diabetic patients. Patients and methods: In the Cardiology Department of Zagazig University Hospitals we conducted this case-control study. 140 patients with type 2 DM were divided into two groups: Group 1 included 70 people with type 2 diabetes who had CADs and group 2 that included 70 patients with type 2 DM who had no signs of CADs (admitted complaining of symptoms of angina or CA showing no significant stenotic lesions). Angiographic examination and fasting and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose levels were performed for all patients. Moreover, comprehensive history was taken, cardiovascular risk profiles and laboratory investigations such as glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were done. Results: CAD group were significantly higher regarding BMI as it was distributed as 28.77 ± 2.3 and 30.04 ± 3.03 between No-CAD and CAD respectively. There was no significant difference or association between smoking or hypertension and CAD. SBP and DBP were significantly higher among CAD. Fasting blood glucose and HbA1c were significantly higher among CAD group than in No-CAD group. CAD group showed significantly higher TG and LDL-c distribution than No-CAD group. Conclusion: Increased triglycerides and decreased HDL levels were associated with CVD among diabetic patients.

Adverse Effects of HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitor and Garlic on Renal Function in Patients with Diabetic Dyslipidemia

Objectives: To analyze the adverse effects of HMG CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) and garlic (Allium sativum) on renal function in diabetic dyslipidemic patients.Methods: This clinical trial was conducted at Surgeon Munawar Memorial Hospital, Karachi from 1st March 2019 to 30th August 2019. Total of 60 patients of 30-70 years of age with abnormal lipid profile were enrolled for this study after a written consent. The study was conducted to assess the side effects of statin (20 mg/day) and garlic (300 mg/day) in diabetic dyslipidemia patients. The study period consisted of six months. Blood pressure, body weight and height of subjects were assessed. The patient answered the questionnaire on health complaints, smoking, social role, drug usage, family history and dietary pattern. The initial inclusion criteria of the patient were 1) Age between 30-70 years old of either sex, 2) Patients with diabetic dyslipidemia. The exclusion criteria were 1) Pregnancy or lactation, 2) Patients with liver diseases, 3) Patients with renal diseases. Detailed medical history and physical examination of all patients were carried out.Results: This study included 60 patients with an abnormal lipid profile of age 30-70 years. Internationalstatin product (20 mg/day) and local garlic product (300 mg/day) for 08 weeks were used for oral administration in patients. Urea and creatinine levels in the serum of diabetic dyslipidemic patients were measured before and after treatment with an international statin (20 mg/day) and a local garlic product (300 mg/day).&#x0D; Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, statins increase the serum level of urea and creatinine while garlic has no effect on urea and creatinine serum level.

Study to find out the significance of postprandial dyslipidemia in diabetic patients

: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases, which is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia, which results from the defects in the insulin action, insulin secretion or both. The most prevalent form of the disease, type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is often asymptomatic in the early stages and it may remain undiagnosed for many years.The insulin resistance in the liver leads to failure of the hyperinsulinaemia to suppress the gluconeogenesis, which increases fasting glucose levels and decreases. glycogen storage by the liver in the postprandial phase. Increased glucose production in the liver occurs early in the course of diabetes, and it is likely in skeletal muscles after the onset of the insulin secretory abnormalities and the insulin resistance. Due to the insulin resistance in the adipose tissue and obesity, the free fatty acid (FFA) flux from the adipocytes is increased, which in turn leads to an increase in lipid [very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and triglycerides] synthesis in the hepatocytes. This is responsible for the dyslipidaemia which is found in type2 diabetes mellitus [elevated triglycerides, reduced HDL, and increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particlesIndividuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus are at increased risk of developing microvascular and macrovascular complications.: To find out the significance of postprandial dyslipidemia in diabetic patients.: This is a cross-sectional study, wherein written informed consent was taken after giving detailed information to the participants regarding the study. Patients who were in the age group of 35-65 years, admitted in the Department of Medicine, RRMCH from November 2017 for next 18 months with Diabetes Mellitus who met a predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were studied. The study was initiated after obtaining clearance from the institution's ethical committee.: There was a significant elevation of mean values of total serum cholesterol, LDL and TG of cases and controls in the postprandial state compared to their fasting state, statistical significance was found (P&amp;#60;0.05).Mean values of total serum cholesterol, LDL and TG of cases in fasting state were significantly more compared to controls in fasting state, statistical significance was found (P&amp;#60;0.05).Mean values of total serum cholesterol, LDL and TG of cases in the postprandial state were significantly more compared to controls in the postprandial state, statistical significance was found (P&amp;#60;0.05).Mean values of both FBS and PPBS in cases were higher compared to controls (P&amp;#60;0.05). Mean values of PPBS in cases and controls were significantly more compared to their respective FBS values (P&amp;#60;0.05).The mean HbA1c values in cases were higher(7.142) compared to controls (5.554).: Prevalence of diabetes was highest in the age group 56-65 years in our hospital.As the duration of diabetes increases, there is an increased prevalence of dyslipidemia in the cases.Past history of HTN, IHD, PVD and CVA were found significantly more in subjects with fasting and postprandial dyslipidemia (cases) compared to those without(controls).Patients on irregular treatment (63%) were more in the study group(cases) compared to controls. So it could be said that patient not on regular treatment are more prone to have dyslipidemia. (fasting as well as postprandial). There was a significant increase in total serum cholesterol, LDL and TG in postprandial states of cases compared to that in controls, so it could be said that diabetic patients with fasting dyslipidemia are more prone to have dyslipidemia in the postprandial state.

Screening for dyslipidemia in diabetic patients in a town in the Moroccan desert: the town of Es-Smara. Screening for dyslipidemia in diabetic patients in a town in the Moroccan desert: The town of Es-Smara

Screening for dyslipidemia in diabetic patients in a town in the Moroccan desert: the town of Es-Smara. Screening for dyslipidemia in diabetic patients in a town in the Moroccan desert: The town of Es-Smara

Diabetes Mellitus and Dyslipidemia- A Detailed Analysis

Background: Diabetic atherosclerosis is a heterogeneous condition, and that dyslipidemia is only one aspect of the pathophysiology. However, dyslipidemia is the most readily measured and, at the present time, the most readily treated aspect of the problem. The occurrence of dyslipidemia can be reduced by good glycemic control. However poor awareness and other socio-economic factors is a major concern and pose a major hindrance in controlling blood sugar levels.&#x0D; Aims and Objective: This study was conducted to study the dyslipidemia pattern in diabetic patients and its association with other factors.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: The study included 500 subjects and was divided into two groups: Group 1(Diabetic) included 276 patients and Group 2 (Non-diabetic) included 224 patients. The study patients were screened using a pretested structured questionnaire. Fasting plasma glucose and serum lipid profile (cholesterol, TG, HDL) were estimated in automated analyzer (Erba Manheim EM 200).&#x0D; Results: In the current study, all characteristics of diabetes were correlated with each parameter and it was found that disproportionate body mass index, high waist girth was correlated with incidence of dyslipidemia. The education levels and financial background of the subjects were also studied and it was found to correlate well with diabetic dyslipidemia.&#x0D; Conclusion: Early diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemia in diabetic patients can reduce the morbidity and mortality due to the disease.

Relationship between ischemia modified albumin and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Introduction: Ischemia modified albumin (IMA), is new biomarker of oxidative stress and ischemia. IMA being increased in Diabetes Mellitus has been described in many studies. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) a metabolic disorder is characterised by hyperglycemia, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. So, our aim was to estimate the levels of IMA in type 2 DM subjects. Also to evaluate the relationship of IMA with all the parameters in lipid profile (TC, LDL, HDL, TG) in type 2 DM subjects. Materials and Methods: 120 subjects were selected from the medicine OPD of Justice K S Hegde Charitable Hospital, Mangalore for study. The subjects attending the hospital were from coastal areas of southern India. Out of which 60 subjects were type 2 DM patients as per the ADA guidelines and 60 subjects were age and sex matched controls. The biochemical parameters estimated were FPS, 2hr-PG, HbA1C, Lipid profile (TC, TG, LDL, VLDL, HDL) and IMA. The results were expressed in absorbance units (ABSU). Data obtained was analyzed using SPSS 20. Results: The Fasting and postprandial plasma glucose, HbA1c, serum TG, TC, LDL, HDL, IMA were significantly increased in type 2 DM patients than in control subjects with the p value Conclusion: The present study suggests that measuring IMA in dyslipidemic diabetic patients will provide an early index of ischemia and its severity. This would help in the better management and prognosis of DM. Keywords: Hyperglycemia, Hyperlipidemia, Type 2 Diabetes mellitus, IMA.

A comparison of HDL-c, VLDL-c among diabetics with and without dyslipidemia and healthy controls.

Objectives: To determine and compare the levels of HDL-c and VLDL-c between Diabetic with/without dyslipidemia with normal healthy controls and risk of Cardiovascular disease. Study Design: Cross Sectional Comparative study. Setting: Multidisciplinary Lab I, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Army Medical College, Rawalpindi. Period: 2 years January 2016 to January 2019. Material &amp; Methods: Total 90 subjects were enrolled in three groups i.e., group I comprised of 30 patients of Diabetic dyslipidemia, group II consisted of 30 patients of Diabetes without dyslipidemia and group III consisted of 30 healthy normal controls. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Data collected was analyzed by SPSS version 22. Results: Male to female ratio included in group I was 1:1.73 and in group II and III was 1:1.5 each. Mean value of the HDL-c among group I was significantly lower as compared to controls. Mean values of the triglycerides (TG) among group I and group II were significantly elevated as compared to the controls. Most of the subjects of group III were doing exercise as part of everyday routine. Conclusion: The HDL-c and TG (VLDL-c) levels are perturbed significantly among Diabetic dyslipidemic patients as compared to Diabetic non-dyslipidemic patients and normal healthy controls. Exercise is an important factor missed by patients to manage their disease.

Jabuticaba (Plinia trunciflora (O. Berg) Kausel) improved the lipid profile and immune system and reduced oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

The aim of this study was evaluating the effects of jabuticaba aqueous extract (JPE - 0.5g/kg) on serum lipid levels, immune system, and oxidative stress parameters of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Administration of JPE for 30days, by gavage, was able to reduce serum levels of total cholesterol, non-high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides in diabetic rats. The HDL cholesterol levels increased in both diabetic and healthy rats after JPE treatment. Total leukocyte and lymphocyte counts reduced in diabetic rats, and JPE treatment prevented these diabetes mellitus (DM)-induced changes in the immune system. In addition, the induction of DM also led to dysregulation in the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase antioxidant enzymes as well as an increase in oxidative stress markers. Treatments with JPE reduced oxidative stress and modulated antioxidant enzyme activities. These data demonstrate the potential of JPE as an adjuvant treatment option for diabetic patients. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Considering that it is very common to observe dyslipidemia in diabetic patients and that these alterations, combined with the increased oxidative stress levels, also common in these patients, can lead to the development of cardiovascular diseases, JPE would be an alternative treatment adjunct to reduce these risks. In addition, although more studies are needed, JPE has the potential to improve the count of total lymphocytes and leukocytes, which could assist in improving the immune response of these patients, who also commonly have a higher risk of infectious diseases. Thus, JPE could be used by these patients, in combination with conventional treatment, in the form of a nutraceutical rich in phenolic compounds.

Comparative study of Dyslipidemia in Diabetic patients with Diabetic Nephropathy and Diabetic patients without Nephropathy

Comparative study of Dyslipidemia in Diabetic patients with Diabetic Nephropathy and Diabetic patients without Nephropathy

Role of simvastatin and allium sativum on lipid profile in diabetic dyslipidemic patients: a comparative study.

Objectives: To evaluate the changes in lipid profile in patients with diabetic dyslipidemia using lipid lowering drug, simvastatin and herbal product allium sativum. Study Design: Clinical trial. Setting: Surgeon Munawar Memorial Hospital, Karachi. Period: 1st January 2017 to 30th April 2017. Material &amp; Methods: The study was designed to assess the effects of hmg-coa reductase inhibitor (simvastatin) and allium sativum on lipid profile in patients with diabetic dysplipidemia. The exclusion criteria included lactating/pregnant women’s, renal, liver and established coronary artery disease. Results: Sixty patients with abnormal lipid profile were included in the study (age 30-60 years). Patients were divided into two groups (30 patients each). Group a was orally administered with product of simvastatin (20 mg)/day for 04 months and in group b, patients were orally administered with herbal product of allium sativum (300 mg)/day for 04 months. Conclusion: On the basis of this study it is observed that allium sativum as well as simvastatin tablets both reduce total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (ldl-c) and increase high density lipoprotein cholesterol (hdl-c).

Autophagy protects peripheral blood mononuclear cells against inflammation, oxidative and nitrosative stress in diabetic dyslipidemia

BackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) results in severe oxidative and nitrosative stress and inflammation when associated with hyperlipidemia. In this study, we have attempted to explore the role of autophagy in T2DM subjects with or without dyslipidemia. MethodsExperiments were carried out in isolated Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from study subjects and insulin resistant HepG2 cells utilizing flow cytometry, confocal microscopy and molecular biology techniques like western blotting, immunofluorescence and real time PCR. ResultsIn case of T2DM with dyslipidemia, higher population of autophagy positive cell was detected compared to T2DM which may have been originated due to higher stress. Flow cytometric data indicated autophagy to be triggered by both oxidative and nitrosative stress in PBMC of diabetic dyslipidemic patients, which is a novel finding of our work. Expression of LC3 puncta, a hallmark of autophagy was observed at periphery of PBMC and Hep G2 cells in case of diabetic dyslipidemic condition. Increased expression of ATG5, LC3B and Beclin1 supports the autophagic pathway in both PBMC and Hep G2 cells. Upon blocking autophagy by 3-methyl adenine (3MA), the apoptotic cell population increased significantly. Autophagy was also been evidenced to control oxidative stress mediated up-regulation of inflammatory markers like IL-6, TNF-α. ConclusionInduction of autophagy emerged to be a protective mechanism for the diabetic cells coupled with dyslipidemia. Not only Reactive oxygen species, but also reactive nitrogen species was involved in autophagy induction process. Moreover inhibition study documented autophagy to have a protective role in pro-inflammatory responses. Thus, enhancing autophagic activity may be an efficient mechanism leading to new therapeutic strategy to restore the glycemic regulation.