Dysfunctional Coping Strategies Research Articles

Caregiver coping mediates the relationship between caregivers' understanding of dementia as terminal and their distress.

We assessed which coping strategies (problem-focused, emotion-focused, dysfunctional) mediate the association between caregivers' understanding of dementia as terminal and their distress. A total of 215 caregivers of community-dwelling persons with severe dementia were surveyed every 4 months over 3 years. A generalized structural equation model was used to test mediation. Caregivers who correctly understood dementia as terminal and those unsure (vs incorrect), experienced more distress (correct: β [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 0.80 [0.00 to 1.60]; unsure: 0.95 [0.04 to 1.87]). Caregivers with correct understanding of dementia as terminal (vs incorrect) employed more dysfunctional (2.01 [0.60 to 3.42]) and problem-focused coping strategies (2.56 [0.08 to 5.05]). Although dysfunctional and problem-focused coping (associated with higher distress) mediated the positive association between caregivers' understanding that dementia is terminal and their distress, emotion-focused coping (associated with lower distress) did not offset this relationship. Results suggest that terminal illness disclosure to caregivers should be accompanied by interventions to promote emotion-focused coping strategies. Highlights Caregivers who understood dementia as terminal experienced more distress. Dysfunctional and problem-focused coping mediated the positive relationship between terminal illness understanding and caregiver distress. Emotion-focused coping did not offset this relationship.

Functional and Dysfunctional Coping Strategies in Patients Diagnosed with Cancer – From Initial Assessment to Therapeutic Interventions

The assessment of coping mechanisms in patients diagnosed with oncological diseases is essential for mental health specialists, who have to design the most appropriate case management strategy for comorbid mood disorders, anxiety disorders, adjustment disorders, and other psychiatric conditions that may be detected in this vulnerable population. The adequate treatment of these disorders is important for the preservation of mental health status, quality of life, and overall functionality in patients diagnosed with cancer. Coping mechanisms modulate the vulnerability toward psychiatric disorders, but they also have an impact on treatment adherence, which is an important factor correlating with prognosis. Appraisal-focused, problem-focused, emotion-focused, and occupation-focused coping represent the most well-defined strategies patients use when confronted with a stressful life situation, like a diagnosis with potentially vital consequences. Maladaptive coping strategies may also be identified in these patients, e.g., withdrawal from reality, including complete or partial denial of the disease, substance abuse, behavioral addictions, refusal of the recommended treatment, etc. The psychotherapeutic approach in patients with oncological diseases should include an initial evaluation of the coping strategies used either currently or in the past stressful conditions, an assessment of all the psychosocial resources the patients have (e.,g., support group, professional insertion, hobbies), and screening for mood and anxiety disorders that may have been triggered by the cancer diagnosis. Consequently, within the psychotherapeutic framework, a trained specialist can enhance the role of adaptive coping strategies and highlight the disadvantages of dysfunctional ones. This process may possess a favorable impact on treatment adherence, mental health status, and quality of life in patients with cancer.

Prevalence and predictors of post-traumatic stress disorder in road traffic accidents

trauma-related disorders following a road accident have both a health and an economic impact. we conducted a prospective study to determine the prevalence of these disorders, and to identify risk factors in subjects victims of road accidents and hospitalized in the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology of the University Hospital Center of Sfax-Tunisia. a total of sixty-ten subjects were included in this study. The prevalence of acute stress disorder was 37.1% and was associated with female sex, low educational level, previous medical and surgical history, passivity during the accident, severity of injuries and the presence of anxious and depressive symptoms. Post-traumatic stress disorder was observed in 40% of subjects and was associated with urban residential environment, passivity during the accident and anxious and depressive symptoms. Low scores for functional coping strategies and high scores for dysfunctional coping strategies were significantly associated with both disorders. Low educational level, urban residential environment, high levels of anxiety and depression, and denial coping strategy appear to be independent risk factors for acute stress and post-traumatic stress disorder. It is therefore important to determine the profile of people at greater risk of post-traumatic stress disorder, to enable early diagnosis in victims of road accidents.

The effect of emotional regulation difficulties on sexual and psychological distress using repetitive negative thinking as a mediator.

Sexual distress, a determinant factor in diagnosing sexual dysfunction, plays a significant role in individuals' sexual well-being, yet it has been overlooked in research. This exploratory study adopted a transdiagnostic approach to sexual distress and sought to examine the association between emotional regulation difficulties and sexual and psychological distress, with repetitive negative thinking as a potential mediator. We used a quantitative cross-sectional design with a sample of 509 partnered individuals. The survey included a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-Short Form, the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, the Persistent and Intrusive Negative Thoughts Scale, and the Female Sexual Distress Scale-Revised. Correlational analysis revealed significant associations among emotional regulation difficulties, repetitive negative thinking, psychological distress, and sexual distress. Furthermore, a mediation model demonstrated that repetitive negative thinking significantly mediated emotion dysregulation and psychological and sexual distress. These findings underscore the importance of considering emotion regulation difficulties and repetitive negative thinking as a maladaptive coping strategy when evaluating sexual distress and suggest that therapeutic interventions targeting such difficulties and thoughts may yield beneficial outcomes. These findings reinforce the importance of considering the role of emotional regulation difficulties and, consequently, repetitive negative thinking as a dysfunctional coping strategy, when studying and intervening in sexual distress. Future research with clinical samples should be developed to establish better the significance of considering these two dimensions in assessment and therapeutic intervention. Future research should corroborate and expand upon these findings to advance our understanding of sexual distress and optimize interventions in this domain.

Decoding Caregiver Burden in Cancer: Role of Emotional Health, Rumination, and Coping Mechanisms.

This study aimed to elucidate the role of psychological factors in caregiver burden among caregivers of stage 4 cancer patients. Data were collected from 328 caregivers of cancer patients, employing the Zarit Care Burden Scale, Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale (DASS-42), Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (DAS-A), Ruminative Thought Style Questionnaire (RTSQ), and Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory (Brief COPE). Males, spouses, and caregivers of patients with a PEG or tracheostomy, or those diagnosed with pancreatic biliary cancer were found to have a significantly higher risk of caregiver burden. Age, sex, caregiver-patient relationship, caregiving duration, patient's catheter status, cancer types, depression and stress severity, rumination, dysfunctional attitudes, and dysfunctional coping strategies explained 69.7% of the variance in Zarit Care Burden Scale scores (F(14,313) = 51.457, p < 0.001), illustrating their significant predictive relationship with caregiver burden. Moderation analysis revealed significant interactions of emotional coping with depression (b = -0.0524, p = 0.0076) and dysfunctional coping with stress on caregiver burden (b = 0.014, p = 0.006). Furthermore, rumination mediated the relationships between caregiver burden, stress, and depression (p < 0.01). Overall, the results highlight the intricate relationships among caregiver burden, mental health, and coping strategies, suggesting tailored interventions to support caregiver health and quality of care.

Coping resources and stress due to demands in parents to children with autism spectrum disorder.

Parents to children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are exposed to numerous demands in their daily lives and exhibit high levels of stress. The present study aims to find out which coping resources are mediators that help parents cope with these demands and which of those coping resources amplify or reduce stress arising from the demands. Studies often only focus on the connection between coping resources and stress without taking the demands into account at the same time. For this reason, a mediation model was set up to answer the research question. Data from a German questionnaire survey with N = 266 parents who have children with ASD (two to 23 years old) were used. Subjectively perceived demands in everyday life (scale "Parental demands in everyday life"), parental stress ("Parental Stress Inventory", based on Abidin's parenting stress model) and the following coping resources were collected: parental self-efficacy beliefs ("Parents' sense of competence questionnaire"), available social support of parents (scale "Availability of social support") and parental coping strategies (German version of the Brief COPE). An exploratory factor analysis revealed four mediators: dysfunctional coping, functional coping, social support, and self-efficacy. The use of dysfunctional behavior and parental self-efficacy were found to be significant mediators that mediated between daily demands and parental stress. A direct effect of demands on parental stress was also found, implying partial mediation. The two factors of functional coping and support were not found to be significant mediators. Key findings indicate that parental stress resulting from the daily demands of parenting children with ASD can be reduced by high parental self-efficacy and increased by dysfunctional coping. For practice, it can be deduced that dysfunctional coping strategies of parents to children with ASD should be reduced and parental self-efficacy should be strengthened in order to reduce stress which arises from the multiple demands in everyday life.

Burden of care and coping strategies among informal caregivers of people with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in rural south-western Uganda

BackgroundCaregiving is a draining role that inflicts a significant level of burden upon caregivers for older people with Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD). Caregiver burden is associated with poor health outcomes for both the people with BPSD and their caregivers. This study explored the burden of care and coping strategies used by informal caregivers of older people with BPSD in rural Southwestern Uganda.MethodsThis was a qualitative study among informal caregivers of older people with BPSD in Rubanda and Rukiga districts. We conducted in-depth interviews with a purposive sample of 27 caregivers using an interview guide. The interviews were conducted in the local language, audio recorded, transcribed, translated into English, and thematically analyzed.ResultsThere were two major themes: caregiver burden and coping strategies. Caregiver burden was described as financial, physical, psychological and social. Caregivers mainly used emotion-focused coping strategies (religious coping, acceptance and emotional support seeking). Problem-focused coping strategies (planning) and dysfunctional coping strategies (self-distraction) were used to a lesser extent.ConclusionInformal caregivers of people with BPSD adopted both emotional and problem-focused coping strategies to cope with the burden of care for people with BPSD. Such coping strategies seemed to lighten the burden of caring, in the long motivating the caregivers to continue with the caring role.

Exploring Emotional, Problem Focus and Dysfunctional Coping Strategies and Life Satisfaction among Married and Unmarried Spinal Cord Injury Patients

The research objective is to investigate the connection between life satisfaction and various coping methodologies, including emotions, problems, and dysfunctional coping skills among married and unmarried patients suffering from spinal cord injuries (SCI). A00 spinal cord individuals with a marital status ratio of 29% participated. From Paraplegic Center, Peshawar, the sample was selected using the purposive sampling technique. The Life satisfaction and Brief Cope scale were used. The findings of the study indicate that life gratification stood considerably and progressively associated with emotional coping (r = .32, p&lt;.01) and meaningful and undesirably associated with problem-focused cope (r = .27, p&lt;.01) and dysfunctional cope (r = .23, p&lt;.05). Emotion focused cope considerably and absolutely while problem-focused cope adversely predicts life gratification. In addition, dysfunctional coping negatively predicts life satisfaction but was not statistically significant, and the model explains 21% of the variance. The findings of the study showed that emotionfocused coping and problem-focused coping was significantly high among married spinal cord injury patients than among single spinal cord injury patients (p&lt;.01). The current study findings reflect a dire need for the management of these psychological problems by using different kinds of evidence-based psychotherapies such as Narrative exposure therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and family therapy. Mixed methods, i.e., Qualitative and quantitative methods, should be used in future studies to explore the phenomenon in detail

Coping strategies of footballers who have recovered from COVID-19 in five European countries

In the realm of sports performance, coping skills play a pivotal role, particularly within the stress inducing environment of sports. The aim of this research was to explore differences between football athletes who had tested positive for COVID-19 and athletes who had not contracted the virus in terms of their utilization of coping strategies. Additionally, differences among countries were investigated, in the case of football players who had, at some point, battled COVID-19. A total of 147 (one hundred and forty-seven) male football players from five European countries - Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and Romania – took part in this study. To assess coping skills, we employed the Brief COPE questionnaire, which encompassed fourteen coping strategies, grouped into three categories: emotion-oriented coping strategies, problem/task-oriented strategies, and dysfunctional coping strategies. Using the Dwass-Steel-Critchlow-Fligner pairwise comparison test, the differences between the five countries were scrutinized, starting from the three dependent variables (the grouped coping strategies). Notably, football athletes from Poland and Romania exhibited a higher frequency of employing emotion-focused coping strategies (during the pandemic). Conversely, athletes from Italy leaned towards employing problem-focused strategies more frequently. No significant differences were observed in terms of dysfunctional coping strategies among football players who had battled COVID-19 across the five countries. We discussed the frequency of using coping strategies among football athletes who reported no infection with the SARS-COV-2 virus (up to the 4th wave of the pandemic) and those who had experienced COVID-19. The findings are of considerable interest to specialists, raising awareness on the coping skills employed by footballers during the pandemic.

Coping as a Mediator between Attachment and Depressive Symptomatology Either in Pregnancy or in the Early Postpartum Period: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach.

Peripartum depression (PPD) is a major complication of pregnancy, and numerous risk factors have been associated with its onset, including dysfunctional coping strategies and insecure attachment styles, both during pregnancy and postpartum. The aim of our study was to investigate the role of coping strategies in mediating the relationship between women's attachment style and depressive symptomatology in pregnancy and one week after giving birth in a large sample of women (N = 1664). Our hypothesis was that the relationship between anxious and avoidant attachment and depressive symptomatology would be mediated by use of maladaptive coping strategies. The assessment instruments were Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Brief Coping Orientation for Problem Experiences (COPE), and Experiences in Close Relationship Scale (ECR). The results indicated that the effect of insecure attachment styles (anxious and avoidant attachment) on antepartum depressive symptomatology was partially mediated by dysfunctional coping styles. Anxious attachment also has an indirect significant effect on postpartum depressive symptomatology through emotional coping; however, avoidant attachment does not seem to be significantly related to postpartum depressive symptoms. Our findings revealed that not only is it important to consider attachment in understanding peripartum depressive symptomatology, but also that coping plays an important role in these relationships. These findings would help a preventive coping-based intervention strategy to enhance the capacity of women with insecure attachment styles to use more adaptive coping during and after pregnancy.

Factors Affecting Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery As a Health Risk Behavior in Iranian Women: Investigating the Relationship Between Traditional Gender Role Attitudes and Body Image

Objectives: The present study aims to design and test a model of factors affecting the acceptance of cosmetic surgery in Iranian female students. Methods: A sample of 600 female students aged 18 to 35 were selected from Kharazmi University using cluster random sampling. The participants completed six questionnaires: The short version of the attitude toward women scale, the beliefs about appearance scale, the body areas satisfaction scale, the body image coping strategies inventory, the rhinoplasty outcome evaluation, and the acceptance of cosmetic surgery scale. A structural model was used to examine the relationships among research variables. Results: Results showed a good level of fit to the data and proposed that gender role attitudes can facilitate cosmetic surgery in women by mediator roles of dysfunctional appearance beliefs, body dissatisfaction, coping strategies, and outcome expectancy. Discussion: The study highlights the importance of traditional gender role attitudes in body dissatisfaction and cosmetic surgeries among Iranian women. Indeed, traditional gender role attitudes can encourage women to conform to beauty standards and undertake cosmetic procedures. These procedures can expose them to risks and unwanted consequences. Therefore, future research and prevention programs should be paid more attention to these traditional beliefs.

Adjustment challenges and coping strategies of Arab female international university students.

Over the past decade, Türkiye has experienced an increasing influx of international students, particularly from various Arab countries. The significant number of Arab international university students has prompted researchers to pay more attention to the experiences of this population in the country. This study examined the adjustment problems experienced by Arab female international university students in Türkiye. The research has a mixed methods design and includes both quantitative and qualitative studies. In the quantitative study, the International Students Adjustment Scale (ISAS) was used with 373 participants to examine the challenges in which dimensions of adjustment (academic, sociocultural, or personal) were more challenging for the study group. In the qualitative study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 Arab female international university students to gain a deeper understanding of their experiences in the domain that is found the issues are more profound. Data from the quantitative study revealed that these students experienced similar challenges in each dimension of adjustment; however, problems in the sociocultural domain were much more profound. In line with the quantitative study, the interview questions of the qualitative study were prepared to explore the sociocultural domain and included the pre-arrival expectations, the post-arrival adjustment challenges, and the coping strategies of the study group. The Results of the qualitative study showed that although their prearrival expectations were almost met, they encountered various problems, ranging from cultural differences in daily activities to discrimination. It was also found that many of them were reluctant to ask for help, and to cope with adjustment problems, they usually used maladaptive or dysfunctional coping strategies such as avoidance and isolation. The findings of the quantitative study are in line with the previous studies that the overall adjustment of international students is influenced by different domains that are broadly academic, sociocultural, and personal. Among them, the sociocultural domain is found as the one in the study population that encounters more challenges. The results of the qualitative study support the findings of previous studies related to prearrival expectancies, provide more understanding of adjustment challenges and bring more information about adopted coping strategies.

The Arab COVID-19 Anxiety Syndrome Scale (C-19ASS): COVID-19 anxiety syndrome and psychological symptoms in the Saudi Arabian population.

The COVID-19 Anxiety Syndrome Scale (C-19ASS) is a reliable scale assessing dysfunctional coping strategies activated in response to COVID-19 fear and threat. The present study aimed to provide a validation of the Arabic version of the C-19ASS and to explore the association between the C-19ASS and psychological symptoms syndrome. In Study 1, a community sample of 404 participants completed the Arabic version of the C-19ASS and results were subjected to an exploratory factor analysis. In Study 2, a community sample of 903 participants completed the Arabic version of the C-19ASS and a series of measures assessing depressed mood and anhedonia, generalized anxiety and health anxiety. Internal consistency, construct validity and incremental validity were assessed. Associations between C-19ASS and psychological symptoms were assessed. Factor analysis identified a two-factor solution (i.e., C-19ASS-Perseveration and C-19ASS-Avoidance), and confirmatory factor analysis suggested a two-factor model best fits the data. The Arabic version of the C-19ASS showed good internal consistency, good construct and incremental validity. COVID-19 anxiety syndrome was associated with more severe anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms and health anxiety. Females had higher levels of COVID-19 anxiety syndrome than males. Participants diagnosed with COVID-19, and those who had experienced loss as a consequence of COVID-19, had higher levels of COVID-19 anxiety syndrome (Perseveration). The Arabic version of the C-19ASS appears to be a reliable and valid measure of the COVID-19 anxiety syndrome. The COVID-19 anxiety syndrome could be a suitable therapeutic target to improve psychological recovery during the COVID-19 pandemic among Arabs.

Perceived professional benefits and their associated factors among Chinese registered nurses caring for women diagnosed with gynecological cancer

ProposeRegistered nurses (RNs) are considered to be a major source of professional supportive care for women diagnosed with gynecological cancer (GC). This study described the level of perceived professional benefits and explored association between perceived professional benefits, sense of coherence (SOC), and coping strategies in Chinese RNs caring for women diagnosed with GC. MethodA cross-sectional survey was employed to collect data using the Nurses' Perceived Professional Benefits Questionnaire (NPPBQ), Sense of coherence scale (SOC-13), and Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (Brief COPE). The questionnaires were administered to 250 RNs in China. The correlations between NPPBQ, SOC-13, and Brief COPE were evaluated with Pearson's correlation coefficient. Multiple regression analysis was performed to assess the relative contribution of each possible factor in explaining variance in the increased NPPBQ. ResultsThe total score for the NPPBQ was 142.4 (range 33.0–165.0). SOC, dysfunctional coping strategies, and problem-focused coping strategies were recognized as predictors of RNs' perceived professional benefit, while, emotion-focused coping strategies were not significantly associated with RNs’ perceived professional benefits. ConclusionsThe findings indicate that RNs who have high levels of SOC, dysfunctional coping strategies, and problem-focused coping strategies tend to experience more perceived professional benefit. These findings propose new perspectives for nursing managers to promote RNs' perceived professional benefit by helping RNs to find meaningfulness when caring for women diagnosed with GC, increasing RNs’ communication skills to improve their relationship with patients, and training RNs to use coping strategies effectively.

Physical Activity Patterns, Circadian Rhythms, and Aggressive and Suicidal Behavior among a Larger Sample of the General Population Aged 15 to 34 Years.

From a psychological perspective, aggressive behavior, non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal behavior could be considered dysfunctional coping strategies. Poor sleep patterns may further increase such dysfunctional coping. In contrast, regular physical activity may have the power to counteract such dysfunctional coping. Given this background, the aim of the present study was to combine categories of circadian rhythms as a proxy of normative sleep patterns and categories of physical activity patterns, and to associate these categories with aggressive behavior, non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal behavior among a larger sample of adolescents and young adults, aged 15 to 34 years. A total of 2991 (55.6% females) individuals aged 15 to 34 years of the so-called Ravansar non-communicable disease cohort study (RaNCD) took part in this study. Participants completed self-rating questionnaires covering circadian-related sleep patterns, regular physical activity, socio-demographic information and dimensions of aggression, non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal behavior. In a first step, both sleep patterns (circadian rhythm disorder: yes vs. no) and physical activity patterns (high vs. low) were dichotomized. Next, participants were assigned to one of four prototypical clusters: No circadian sleep disorders and high physical activity ("Hi-Sleep-Hi-PA"); no circadian sleep disorders and low physical activity ("Hi-Sleep-Lo-PA"); circadian sleep disorders and high physical activity ("Lo-Sleep-Hi-PA"); circadian sleep disorders and low physical activity ("Lo-Sleep-Lo-PA"). Projecting these four clusters on dimensions of aggressive behavior, non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal behavior, the following findings were observed: Participants of the "Hi-Sleep-Hi-PA" reported the lowest scores for aggressive behavior, self-injury and suicidal behavior, compared to participants of the "Lo-Sleep-Lo-PA" cluster. No differences for aggressive behavior, self-injury and suicidal behavior were observed among participants of the "Hi-Sleep-Lo-PA" and the "Lo-Sleep-Hi-PA" clusters. It appeared that the combination of favorable circadian sleep patterns and high physical activity patterns was associated with lower aggressive behavior, lower self-injury and suicidal behavior as proxies of favorable psychological functioning. In contrast, persons reporting high circadian sleep disorders and low physical activity patterns appeared to demand particular attention and counseling for both their lifestyle issues (sleep and physical activity) and their dysfunctional coping strategies.

Staying Healthy While Caregiving at Home? Risk and Protective Factors for Dysfunctional Coping in Family Caregivers

In Germany, 3.3 million people in need of care are cared for at home. More than half (54%) of informal caregivers estimate their own stress as high or very high [1]. Coping strategies, including dysfunctional ones, are used to cope with stress. These bear the risk of negative health consequences. The aim of this study is to assess the frequency of dysfunctional coping strategies among informal caregivers and to identify protective and risk factors for these unfavorable coping mechanisms. A cross-sectional study with N=961 interviewed informal caregivers in Bavaria was conducted in 2020. Dysfunctional coping strategies (substance use and abandonment/avoidance) were assessed. Additionally, subjective stress, positive aspects of caregiving, caregiving motives, characteristics of the caregiving situation as well as caregivers' cognitive evaluation of the care situation and their subjective assessment of available resources (based on the Transactional Stress Model) were recorded. Descriptive statistics were used to explore the frequency of dysfunctional coping behavior. Linear regressions were run, after statistical precondition testing, to investigate which predictors can be identified for dysfunctional coping. 14.7% of respondents reported using alcohol or other substances at least some of the time in difficult situations, and 47.4% of respondents had given up dealing with the care situation. Subjective caregiver burden (p<0.001), the motive to care out of obligation (p=0.035), and resources for manageability of the caregiving situation rated as insufficient (p=0.029) were identified as risk factors for dysfunctional coping in a significant overall model with medium fit (F (10)=16.776; p<0.001). Dysfunctional coping concerning the stress related to the caregiving situation is not uncommon. The most promising target for intervention is subjective caregiver burden. This is known to be reduced by the use of formal and informal help [2, 3]. However, this requires overcoming the problem of low rates of use of counseling and other support services [4]. Newer digital promising approaches to this are being developed [5, 6].

Stress, Stressors, and Coping Strategies of Female Private School Teacher to Deal with Occupational Stress

Mental health is the least prioritized subject in Pakistan though stress, anxiety and depressive disorders have been indicated as root cause of several chronic disease. Stress arises when an individual observes that he/she cannot cope with the demands placed on them or perceives a threat to his well-being. However, utilizing effective coping strategies can help to manage stress. The current study is a quantitative cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of occupational stress, stressors, and coping strategies of female private school teachers (n=1,386) working in Hyderabad city. Data was analysed using SPSS version 22.0, descriptive analysis was calculated and p-value &lt;0.05 was considered as significant. The results revealed that majority of teachers were experiencing higher level of occupational stress. The stressors of teachers were sorted as work-related distress, professional growth, managing their work within given time, inadequate salary, emotional and fatigue manifestations were more obvious for teachers. Teachers were found to use dysfunctional and emotional coping strategies most often. The study concluded that overall working conditions of private school teachers were observed challenging. There is immense need to promote healthy working environment for better performance of teachers and ultimately resulting in succeeding and advancing educational organizations.

The Role of Work Engagement in Facing the COVID-19 Pandemic among Mental Healthcare Workers: An Italian Study to Improve Work Sustainability during Emergency Situations

During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers faced an emergency that had significant psychological impacts on them. In this study, an investigation regarding work engagement as a protective factor for well-being was conducted on a sample of Italian healthcare workers in the field of mental health. Correlation and linear regression analyses were run on scores of standardized questionnaires about work engagement, burnout, resilience, stress, and coping strategies. Results indicate that work engagement is positively correlated with resilience, while it is negatively correlated with burnout and stress, particularly caused by personal attacks at work. As concerns the use of functional or dysfunctional coping strategies, negative correlations between work engagement and problem avoidance and emotional distress strategies were found. In conclusion, work engagement was confirmed to be an important protective factor that should be promoted among mental healthcare professionals to help them deal with health emergencies and to improve the psychological sustainability of the work.

Psychological distress and coping orientations in young adults: their associations with temporomandibular disorder symptoms

Objectives The relationships between Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) symptoms, psychological distress and coping, together with the psychological risk factors for TMDs were investigated in young adults. Material and methods The quintessential five TMD symptoms (5Ts) of the DC/TMD were used to screen for TMDs. Participants were categorized into 5Ts-negative/positive groups and 5Ts-positive individuals were divided into those with pain-related (PT), intra-articular (IT) and combined (CT) TMD symptoms. Psychological distress and coping were examined using the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales-21 and brief-COPE inventory. Statistical evaluations were performed using non-parametric and regression analyses (α = 0.05). Results Of the 455 participants (mean age 22.5 ± 1.2 years) appraised, 41.1% were 5Ts-negative and 58.9% were 5Ts-positive (17.6% PT, 19.8% IT and 21.5% CT). Significant differences in negative affectivity, anxiety and stress were observed. However, the variances in coping styles/strategies were largely insignificant. For both 5Ts groups, dysfunctional coping was moderately correlated to negative affectivity/emotions (rs = 0.40–0.52). Conclusions Asian young adults with CT and PT had significantly higher levels of negative affectivity, anxiety and stress than their counterparts with IT and/or NT. Negative affectivity/emotions were associated with the use of dysfunctional coping strategies and anxiety was the main psychological risk factor for TMD symptoms.

Burnout and coping strategies among resident physicians at an Indonesian tertiary referral hospital during COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the burden on resident physicians. They may use different coping strategies to manage those burdens, which partly determine their mental health outcomes, including burnout syndrome. This study explores the relationship between coping strategies and burnout among resident physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic in an Indonesian tertiary referral hospital. This online cross-sectional study was conducted from June to August 2020, involving nine residency programs in the Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia-Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Burnout syndrome was assessed using Maslach Burnout Inventory, while Brief COPE measured coping strategies. A total of 388 residents participated in this study. High emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and low personal accomplishment (PA) were found in 15.5%, 5.2%, and 39.2%, respectively. Residents more often use adaptive than maladaptive coping strategies. Higher PA was correlated to residents using problem-focused (r = 0.299; p < 0.001) and emotion-focused (r = 0.397; p < 0.001). Meanwhile, dysfunctional coping strategies are moderately correlated with EE (r = 0,518; p <0,001) and DP (r = 0,507; p<0,001). The use of dysfunctional coping strategies is linked to higher emotional exhaustion and depersonalization aspect of burnout. However, a higher sense of personal accomplishment is linked to problem-focused and emotion-focused strategies. Appropriate identification and intervention of residents with dysfunctional coping strategies may be beneficial in reducing burnout risk.