Severity Of Dysbiosis Research Articles

HYPERTENSION-RELATED IMPAIRMENT OF MESENTERIC ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION CONTRIBUTES INTO GUT-LIVER AXIS VIA INTESTINAL DYSBIOSIS AND HEPATIC STEATOSIS, AND ASSOCIATES WITH GENETIC DYSRE

Objective: Metabolic violations, obesity and other related comorbidities are obvious in arterial hypertension. It is known that Hepatic Steatosis (HS) and Arterial hypertension (AH) has to some extend common pathogenesis realized through metabolic and immune mechanisms involving vascular and digestive system injury, and forming Gut-Liver axis, which remain mostly untouched in recent studies. We aimed on evaluating the endothelial function and mesenteric vessels remodeling depending on I/D polymorphism of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene and A1166C polymorphism of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AGTR1) gene in hypertensive patients with HS. Design and method: Study included 104 AH patients with HS (50 females, 54 males, age 53.2±8.7). Intimae-media thickness (IMT) of abdominal aorta (AO) and other flow mediated parameters of mesenteric vessels state evaluated by sonography. NO (nitrite/nitrate) plasma concentration, vascular adhesive molecule (sVCAM-1) level were defined by IEA. ACE (I/D) and AGTR1 (A1166C) genes polymorphisms assessed with PCR. Results: High risk of endothelial dysfunction (ED) is: D-allele of ACE gene (p<.001); C-allele of AGTR1 gene (p = .02). In DD-genotype were higher flow-mediated parameters of mesenteric vessels. IMT of AO was thicker in CC-genotype of AGTR1 gene (p = .039-.01) and independent on I/D genotypes of ACE gene. sVCAM-1 level was higher (p<.01) in D-allele of ACE gene, than in II-genotype and not depending on A1166C polymorphism of AGTR1 gene. NO plasma level doesn’t depend on ACE (I/D) and AGTR1 (A1166C) genes polymorphisms. Vascular remodeling in HS patients (AO IMT enlargement for more than 0.9 mm) is associated with dysbiosis III-IV grades’ and sVCAM-1 plasma level growth by 1,3-1,6 times (p<.05-.001). AO IMT correlates with dysbiosis severity, presence of HS and sVCAM-1 level and is independent from AH severity. Conclusions: Risk contingents for endothelial dysfunction and mesenteric vessels remodeling in HS patients are: by sVCAM-1 plasma level and diameter of mesenteric vessels increasing – DD-genotype carriers of ACE gene; by IMT of abdominal aorta enlargement – CC-genotype carriers of AGTR1 gene (p<0.02-0.001).

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG for the prevention of reactive arthritis relapse in children

Introduction. The results of numerous studies indicating the relationship between the development of reactive arthritis (ReA) and the disturbance of the intestinal microbiocenosis give rise to interest in commensal microorganisms that make up the intestinal microbiota as potential initiators of immune-dependent inflammatory diseases of the joints. In this regard, the question of the expediency of using probiotic preparations for the correction of ReA patients intestinal microflora is of practical interest.The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Lactobacillus rhamnosus LGG (LGG) in the preventive treatment of children with ReA to prevent the development of relapses.Materials and methods. Clinical and microbiological study included 60 patients with ReA from 3 to 17 years old, who were divided into two groups, 30 children each. Patients of the group 1 received courses of treatment with LGG in the inactive phase of the disease. Patients of the group 2 (comparison group) were not treated with probiotic. The criteria for the effectiveness of treatment were the number of relapses of ReA during follow-up observation for 1 year; dynamics of intestinal microbiocenosis condition according to the following parameters: indicator of microbial contamination (IMC) of intestinal microsymbionts; ability to biofilm formation (BF); levels of lactoferrin and lysozyme in coprofiltrates.Results. In patients treated with LGG, relapses of arthritis were significantly less frequent during 12 months of prospective observation relative to the comparison group. Patients of the group 1 showed positive dynamics of the state of intestinal microbiocenosis: a decrease in the severity of dysbiosis, a decrease of lactoferrin and lysozyme level in coprofiltrates, IMC and BF of opportunistic microorganisms against the increase IMC and BF in bifidobacteria and lactobacilli.Conclusions. The use of LGG in the treatment of children with ReA in the inactive phase of the disease contributes to the correction of intestinal microbiocenosis disorders and reduces the number of arthritis relapses.

Fecal Microbiota Analysis in Cats with Intestinal Dysbiosis of Varying Severity.

Recent studies have shown that the gut microbiota plays an important role in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases in various animal species. There are only limited data on the microbiome in cats with varying grades of dysbiosis. The purpose of the study was a detailed analysis of the quantitative and qualitative fecal microbiota spectrum in cats with intestinal dysbiosis of varying severity. The data obtained indicate that, depending on the dysbiosis severity in cats, the intestinal microbiome landscape changes significantly. It has been established that, depending on the dysbiosis severity, there is a shift in the balance between the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial pools and in the nature of the isolation of specific bacteria forms, in the amount of obligate microbiota isolation, as well as individual facultative strains. When analyzing the serotyping of E. coli cultures isolated at various grades of intestinal dysbiosis severity, differences were found both in the isolation amount of various serotypes from one animal and in the prevalence of certain serotypes for each disease severity. A retrospective analysis of the fecal microbiota sensitivity in cats with dysbiosis to antibacterial drugs showed that, depending on the disease severity, the number of isolates sensitive to antibiotics increases significantly.

Порушення мікробіоти дихальних шляхів у дітей з респіраторними захворюваннями (літературний огляд)

У статті наведено дані вітчизняної та зарубіжної літератури про мікробіоценози організму людини у нормі та патології. Розглянуто етапи заселення респіраторного тракту мікрофлорою у різні періоди дитячого віку. Представлені дані численних досліджень мікробіоти легень порівняно з мікробіоценозом верхніх дихальних шляхів. Наведені експериментальні дані, що підтверджують наявність мікрофлори у легенях здорової людини та прямий взаємозв’язок між мікробіотою верхніх і нижніх дихальних шляхів. Одним із найважливіших факторів, що визначають стан мікробіоти легень, є мікроаспірація. Показано значення мікробіоценозів відкритих порожнин організму для формування мукозального імунітету. Викладено наукову концепцію щодо алгоритму функціонування колонізаційної резистентності слизових організму. Розглянуто методику оцінки мікробіоценозу носоглотки та визначення ступеня дисбіозу. Особливу увагу приділено стану мікробіоти верхніх і нижніх відділів респіраторного тракту у дітей, які часто хворіють, а також дітей із рецидивуючими та хронічними захворюваннями органів дихання. Показано, що виявлення збудника в посіві матеріалу з верхніх і нижніх дихальних шляхів не обов’язково свідчить про його роль як збудника гострого бронхолегеневого захворювання. Необхідна оцінка ступеня вираженості дисбіозу. Однак тривала персистенція інфекційного збудника у пацієнтів з гострими бронхолегеневими захворюваннями може привести до дисбалансу імунної реактивності і формування хронічного бронхолегеневого запального процесу. Підвищена колонізація дихальних шляхів у пацієнтів з хронічними респіраторними захворюваннями є істотним чинником ризику, що сприяє розвитку загострень. Відзначено, що моніторинг етіологічно значущих штамів мікроорганізмів у пацієнтів з гострою та хронічною бронхолегеневою патологією є необхідним для удосконалення патогенетичної тактики лікування та профілактики формування хронічних станів.

Value of conditionally-pathogenic microflora index as predicting factor of bacterial dysbiosis’ development

An article shows the most informative indicators that objectively reflect the condition of the pathological process of dysbiosis, and a system for predicting of the risk of occurrence and severity of dysbiosis according to these indicators is developed. Results of the study substantiated the assumptions about the pathogenetic role of disregulation of hormonal and immune systems in the occurrence of dysbiosis and bacterial vaginosis. Synshronously, the stage of the development of the immune system reaction is discovered in the during the flow of vaginal dysbiosis - from the control stay while normocoenosis to the immunoresistance in grade 1 dysbiosis and expressed combined immunodeficiency in the presence of specific humoral response to bacterial antigens in 2nd grade dysbiosis.

The vaginal bacterial dysbiosis severity predicting model according to the normobiota index

The local and systemic immunodeficiency is the main mechanism for vaginal bacterial dysbiosis and its extreme manifestation – bacterial vaginosis (BV) development. The complex immune response study and the establishment of the main mechanisms and factors, reflecting it and corresponding to the microbiocenosis severity disorder are relevant. Aim – to develop a neural network model of the severity of vaginal bacterial dysbiosis based on the assessment of normobiota. Divided into the following groups according to the Conditionally pathogenic microflora index (CPMI) and normobiota index (NBI): normocenosis (n=53), dysbiosis I (n=128) and II degree (n=117) among the latter 83 patients with PNB>1 lg GE/sample were identified, in whom BV was established. Molecular genetic studies of the epithelium scraping from the vagina posterolateral wall were carried out by Polymerase chain reaction (“DNK-Technologiia” LLC, RF). Facultative and obligate anaerobes, myco- and ureplasmas, and yeast-like fungi were quantified. The content of immunoglobulins, lysozyme, cytokines, complement, phagocytosis activity of leukocytes, hormones, the number of lymphocytes and their fractions, as well as the vaginal discharge pH (a total of 58 indexes) were identified in blood and vaginal discharge. For statistical and mathematical analysis, the Statistica 10 software (StatSoft, Inc., USA) was used. Using neural network modeling, it was revealed that among all the factorial signs for determining the bacterial dysbiosis degree, the complement component C4 and γ-INF content in the vaginal discharge and circulating immune complexes (CIC) and TNFα in the blood were important. A linear neural network model was built on the selected set of factor signs (the Cohen’s kappa coefficient consent index on the training set was k=0.87 (95% CI 0.82-0.91) for confirming plurality – k=0.89 (95% CI 0.77-1.00). With normocenosis, the complement activation PNB was decreased, and γ-INF and TNFα content was increased. The CIC levels blood increase corresponded to the opportunistic microflora growth and reflected the humoral immune response activation, which suggests that this indicator is an early dysbiosis marker. With I degree dysbiosis all factors had positive relationship with NBI, which reflected the immune system stress state. In case of II degree dysbiosis, NBI had a negative relationship with γ-INF content in the vaginal discharge, and CIC in the blood, while positive – with C4 content in vaginal discharge, and TNFα in the blood, which proved the immune system dysregulation and caused its further suppression with the BV-association immunodeficiency development. The immune system reaction during the BV development evolved from non-specific resistance reactions to cytokine-induced reactions of specific humoral immunity in response to the BV-associated microbiota growth, which subsequently experienced depletion and loss of immune control.

Intestinal microbiological landscape in workers of diverse agricultural sectors

The purpose of the work was to study the qualitative and quantitative intestinal microbial composition in agricultural workers, to identify dysbiotic disorders, the severity of dysbiosis and its specificities. The material for the study was feces after natural defecation. Agricultural workers were examined in inpatient care conditions. In 96.7 % of cases, intestinal dysbiosis characterized by a quantitative and qualitative change in the composition of microflora in the small and large intestines was diagnosed. To account for the results, each type of microorganism was counted in 1 g of feces according to the formula: M = N × 10n+1, where M is the number of microbes in 1 g, N is the number of grown colonies on a Petri dish, n is the degree of dilution of the material. The absolute values of the number of colony forming units (CFU) per 1 g of feces and decimal logarithms (Ig CFU/g) expressed the number of microorganisms. Lactobacillus deficiency was detected in 36.6 % of the examined, bifidobacteria deficiency was 97.0 %. The reasons for this effect on the normal intestinal flora can be various harmful environmental factors that could reduce a number of important functions in the body of a macroorganism.

Effects of polyphenols on activity of glycosyl hydrolases in the cecum of rats fed obesity inducing diets

The results of experimental studies indicate that the preventive and therapeutic effects of polyphenols in obesity are accompanied by a significant decrease in the severity of dysbiosis caused by the predominance of fats and simple carbohydrates in the diet, especially fructose, and the restoration of the functional state of the microbiota. The aim of the work was to study the effect of quercetin and resveratrol - polyphenols, widely represented in the daily human diet, on the activity of bacterial glycosidases in rats receiving diets high in fructose or fat and fructose. Material and methods. Using spectrophotometric analysis, the activity of β-galactosidase (Gal), β-glucosidase (Glu) and β-glucuronidase (Gluс) was studied in the content of the cecum of Wistar rats receiving a semi-synthetic diet and a 20% solution of fructose instead of drinking water (hfr diet) or a semi-synthetic diet with a high (30%) fat content and a 20% solution of fructose instead of drinking water (hf/hfr diet). Results and discussion. Feeding rats with the hfr diet for 20 weeks led to the suppression of Gal activity by 35, Glu by 46 and Gluс by 31%. With the inclusion of quercetin in the hfr diet at a dose of 34 mg/kg b.w. enzyme activity was restored to the control values and exceeded the level of activity in rats fed hfr ration without quercetin by 60, 100 and 47%, respectively, for Gal, Glu, and Gluс. Feeding rats with the hf/hfr diet for 10 weeks did not have a significant impact on the activity of bacterial enzymes. The inclusion of resveratrol in the hf/hfr diet at a dose of 10 mg/kg b.w. resulted in a decrease in Glu activity by 58 and Gluс by 28%, and an increase in resveratrol dose to 100 mg/kg b.w. caused further suppression of Gal activity by 30, Glu by 76 and Gluc by 64% comparative to the activity in rats on the hf/hfr diet without resveratrol. Conclusion. The obtained data suggest that quercetin restores reduced by hfr diet activity of glycosyl hydrolases of the cecum microflora of rats, most likely due to an increase in the representation of the types of enzyme activity carriers. The suppressive effect of resveratrol on the activity of glycosyl hydrolases of the cecum microflora of rats fed a hf/hfr diet may be the result of its direct action on enzymes and is not associated with the effect on the composition of the intestinal microbiota.

Prediction of the dysbiosis development risk by indicators of the condition-pathogenic microflora index

Bacterial vaginosis is one of the most common types of infectious pathology of the reproductive organs of women mainly in reproductive age. The frequency of bacterial vaginosis over the past decade has doubled, ranging from 26% to 40–45%. Until now, the leading role in the emergence of bacterial vaginosis of obligate anaerobic bacteria has been proved, which is why it is regarded as a polymicrobial vaginal syndrome and is characterized not only by vaginal discharge, but also by damage to the cervix, the uterus, its appendages, childbirth. The etiological structure of pathogens of infectious processes in the last decade has changed significantly, which is due to the constant evolution of bacteria and the involvement of conventionally pathogenic microorganisms into pathological processes. The aim of the study is to identify the most informative indicators that objectively reflect the condition of the pathological process and develop a system for predicting the risk of occurrence and severity of dysbiosis behind these indicators. Studies were conducted in 298 women aged 16 to 64 years. 53 of whom were diagnosed with normocenosis, and 245 had dysbiosis. Statistical processing of data was carried out using variational and correlation analysis methods using the Application software package Statistica v.10 (StatSoft, Inc.). At the first stage of the analysis, the index of conditionally pathogenic microflora was considered as a resultant trait. To identify factors that are more associated with the risk of developing dysbiosis with IСPM, a selection of significant traits was performed using a genetic selection algorithm. At the second stage of the analysis, the prediction of the severity of dysbiosis with IСPM was considered. The nine factor attributes obtained with the help of mathematical analysis allowed us to predict the severity of vaginal dysbiosis with high accuracy and to calculate the IСPM indices. In addition, the phase of the development of the immune system reaction is shown in the development of vaginal dysbiosis — from the control state during normocoenosis to the development of immunoresistance in dysbiosis of grade 1 and expressed combined immunodeficiency in the presence of specific humoral response to bacterial antigens in dysbiosis of the 2nd degree.

Microbial landscape of intestinal contents and mucus in frequently ill children

Aim. To study the state of the microbial landscape of intestinal contents and mucus in frequently ill children and practically healthy children.Methods. 340 frequently ill children aged 6 months to 6 years and 125 practically healthy children (comparison group) were examined. Along with routine clinical and immunological studies bacteriological study of stool samples and throat swab was performed and polymerase chain reaction was applied to the swab.Results. According to the results of bacteriological study of throat swab 195 (57.4%) children reported Staphylococcus aureus, 102 (30.0%) children - Staphylococcus epidermidis, 85 (25.0%) children - Streptococcus pneumoniae, 64 (18.8%) children - Haemophilus influenzae, 64 (18.8%) children - Klebsiella pneumoniae, 170 (50.0%) children - Candida albicans. PCR revealed Chlamydia pneumoniae in 53 (15.6%) children, Chlamydia trachomatis in 33 (9.7%) children, Mycoplasma pneumonia in 54 (15.9%) children, and Cytomegalovirus in 18 (5.3%) patients. Among frequently ill children in 67.6% of cases dysbiosis was observed with reduced number of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli and increase of opportunistic microorganisms, predominantly Staphylococcus aureus.Conclusion. The microbiota of upper respiratory tract in frequently ill children in most cases contains Staphylococcus aureus; reduced number of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli and increase of opportunistic microorganisms were noted; correlation between severity of dysbiosis and immunoglobulin A level in blood was revealed.

Role of local immunity factors in the development of vaginal dysbiosis in girls of prepubertal and pubertal age

Data on the local immune reactivity in the formation of colonization resistance in girls with vaginal dysbiosis are few and contradictory. The aim of the work was to study the role of local immunity factors in the development of vaginal dysbiosis in girls of prepubertal and pubertal age. It was studied the species composition of the vaginal microbiota, the type and severity of dysbiosis, humoral and cellular immunity in vaginal swabs. The general trend in the study groups was to increase the level of white blood cells and lactoferrin, reduction of slgA, lysozyme activity and phagocytosis activity, the phagocytic index number and completeness of phagocytosis. The nature of the local immune response depended on the type and severity of vaginal dysbiosis. The greatest immunological changes were recorded in mixed forms of dysbiosis and a large number of microorganisms in associates in diagnostically significant quantities