Dynamics Of Electroweak Phase Transition Research Articles

Electroweak phase transition in a right-handed neutrino superfield extended NMSSM

Supersymmetric models with singlet extensions can accommodate single- or multi-step first-order phase transitions (FOPT) along the various constituent field directions. Such a framework can also produce Gravitational Waves, detectable at the upcoming space-based interferometers, e.g., U-DECIGO. We explore the dynamics of electroweak phase transition and the production of Gravitational Waves in an extended set-up of the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (NMSSM) with a Standard Model singlet right-handed neutrino superfield. We examine the role of the new parameters compared to NMSSM on the phase transition dynamics and observe that the occurrence of a FOPT, an essential requirement for Electroweak Baryogenesis, typically favours a right-handed sneutrino state below 125 GeV. Our investigation shows how the analysis can offer complementary probes for physics beyond the Standard Model besides the collider searches.

Spontaneous symmetry breaking in the late Universe and glimpses of the early Universe phase transitions à la baryogenesis

Spontaneous symmetry breaking is the foundation of electroweak unification and serves as an integral part of the model building beyond the standard model of particle physics and it also finds interesting applications in the late Universe. We review development related to obtaining the late cosmic acceleration from spontaneous symmetry breaking in the Universe at large scales. This phenomenon is best understood through Ginzburg–Landau theory of phase transitions which we briefly describe. Hereafter, we present elements of spontaneous symmetry breaking in relativistic field theory. We then discuss the “symmetron” scenario-based upon symmetry breaking in the late Universe which is realized by using a specific form of conformal coupling. However, the model is faced with “NO GO” for late-time acceleration due to local gravity constraints. We argue that the problem can be circumvented by using the massless [Formula: see text] theory coupled to massive neutrino matter. As for the early Universe, spontaneous symmetry breaking finds its interesting applications in the study of electroweak phase transition. To this effect, we first discuss in detail the Ginzburg–Landau theory of first-order phase transitions and then apply it to electroweak phase transition including technical discussions on bubble nucleation and sphaleron transitions. We provide a pedagogical exposition of dynamics of electroweak phase transition and emphasize the need to go beyond the standard model of particle physics for addressing the baryogenesis problem. Review ends with a brief discussion on Affleck–Dine mechanism and spontaneous baryogenesis. Appendixes include technical details on essential ingredients of baryogenesis, sphaleron solution, one-loop finite temperature effective potential and dynamics of bubble nucleation.

Electroweak phase transition in an inert complex triplet model

We study the dynamics of electroweak phase transition in a simple extension of the Standard Model where the Higgs sector is extended by adding an $SU(2)_L$-triplet with hypercharge Y=2. By making random scans over the parameters of the model, we show that there are regions consistent with constraints from collider experiments and the requirement for a strong first-order electroweak phase transition which is needed for electroweak baryogenesis. Further, we also study the power spectrum of the gravitational waves which can be generated due to the first-order phase transitions. Moreover, the detectability of these gravitational waves, via future space-based detectors, is discussed.

Dynamics of Electroweak Phase Transition in the 3-3-1-1 Model

The bubble nucleation in the framework of 3-3-1-1 model is studied. Previous studies show that first order electroweak phase transition occurs in two periods. In this paper we evaluate the bubble nucleation temperature throughout the parameter space. Using the stringent condition for bubble nucleation formation we find that in the first period, symmetry breaking from \(SU(3)\rightarrow SU(2)\), the bubble is formed at the nucleation temperature $T=150$ GeV and the lower bound of the scalar mass is 600 GeV. In the second period, symmetry breaking from \((SU(2)\rightarrow U(1)\), only subcritical bubbles are formed. This constraint eliminates the electroweak baryon genesis in the second period of the model.

Dynamics of electroweak phase transition in singlet-scalar extension of the standard model

An addition to the Standard Model of a real, gauge-singlet scalar field, coupled via a Higgs portal interaction, can reopen the possibility of a strongly first-order electroweak phase transition (EWPT) and successful electroweak baryogenesis (EWBG). If a discrete symmetry that forbids doublet-singlet mixing is present, this model is notoriously difficult to test at the Large Hadron Collider. As a result, it emerged as a useful benchmark for evaluating the capabilities of proposed future colliders to conclusively test EWPT and EWBG. In this paper, we evaluate the bubble nucleation temperature throughout the parameter space of this model where a first-order transition is expected. We find that in large parts of this parameter space, bubbles in fact do not nucleate at any finite temperature, eliminating these models as viable EWBG scenarios. This constraint eliminates most of the region where a "two-step" phase transition is naively predicted, while the "one-step" transition region is largely unaffected. In addition, expanding bubble walls must not reach relativistic speeds during the transition for baryon asymmetry to be generated. We show that this condition further reduces the parameter space with viable EWBG.

Effect of Thermal Fluctuations on Dynamics of Electroweak Phase Transition

Effect of Thermal Fluctuations on Dynamics of Electroweak Phase Transition