Dynamic Process Of Interaction Research Articles

Numerical Simulation of “Submachinegun - Grenade Launcher” Dynamic System

In modern small arms, one of the most important technical characteristics is the survivability of barrel, which greatly affects the competitiveness of the product on the market. The task of increasing the survivability of the barrel of automatic small arms has not yet lost its relevance. Based on the modern nature of combat and the multitasking of combat operations, complexes of manual automatic weapons with the use of various external devices, such as sighting devices of various designs, under-barrel grenade launchers, low-noise shooting devices, etc., are currently being developed on the basis of a single reference sample. When designing new samples, several approximated mathematical models are currently used, that do not take into account the impact of external devices on the dynamic and oscillatory processes occurring during firing from modern hand-held automatic weapons. This article describes a physical and mathematical model of the dynamic interaction of an under-barrel grenade launcher and small arms (submachine gun), demonstrates a computational mathematical model for different types and methods of securing a device such as an under-barrel grenade launcher. The optimal computational model is revealed, allowing to describe the dynamic process of interaction of the system elements in the numerical simulation of the shot. Advantages and disadvantages have been identified, on the basis of which the goals and objectives of further work have been determined, consisting in studying the influence of external devices on the parameters of the barrel of automatic small arms, in order to improve the operational, tactical and technical characteristics of automatic small arms systems based on the development of a numerical and analytical approach, and a modular mathematical model of automatic small arms weapons.

Positive behavior support in school – a quasi-experimental mixed methods study and a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundWhile positive school climate is important for students’ well-being and mental health, school personnel may experience challenges in creating a nurturing school climate. School-Wide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (SW-PBIS) has shown positive effects on school climate and children’s prosocial behaviors, but fewer studies have been conducted in a European context.AimThis project aims to investigate the effectiveness of SW-PBIS program for students’ social-emotional skills and academic achievement as well as teachers’ and students’ perceptions of classroom learning environment. Furthermore, the study intends to evaluate how school-level factors mediate or moderate the effects of the intervention. In addition, the study includes a qualitative evaluation of the dynamic interaction processes that occur during program implementation in local school contexts.MethodsData on school- and individual-level measures are collected in intervention and control schools. With regard to challenges in retaining control groups over extended time periods, two waves of recruitment are used. In the first wave, an active control group is used and data are collected during three time points. In the second wave, a wait-list control group will be used and data will be collected during two time points during one school year. Hierarchical regression analyses will be conducted to explore the effects of SW-PBIS on the outcomes of the study. An ethno-methodological approach will be applied to provide a detailed examination of the social interactional and meaning-making practices of different school implementation teams, and the negotiation of normative expectations and rules of conduct in peer-teacher-student interactions in different classrooms.DiscussionThe study is expected to contribute to knowledge on the effects of the SW-PBIS program and how these effects may be mediated or moderated by school-level factors. Combining quantitative and qualitative methods to explore the significance of school contexts in the implementation of the SW-PBIS program constitutes the strength of the study. The challenge in the study is the extended period of implementation of SW-PBIS, which entails difficulties in retaining a control group over the required time period. Therefore, two waves of recruitment are used, encompassing different procedures of allocation to intervention or control group.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06270914 on the 22nd of February, 2024 (retrospectively registered).

The coordinated relationship and interactive response between urban quality of life and eco-efficiency in China

It is crucial to clarify the interaction mechanism between quality of life (QOL) and eco-efficiency (EE) to achieve high-quality urban development. This study investigated the complex and dynamic interaction and coupling process between QOL and EE. By constructing two evaluation index systems, this study obtained the values of QOL and EE levels in 282 cities from 2008 to 2020. Then, the interactive relationship between QOL and EE was investigated from two perspectives: static coupling and dynamic coupling. The different development types were classified according to the regional differences between them. The results show that: (1) From 2008 to 2020, the value of QOL gradually increased, while the EE exhibited a “V-shaped” change. Medium to high levels of QOL were located in cities in the eastern coastal area, while low levels were distributed in the western, central and northeastern regions. Furthermore, medium to high levels of EE were distributed in cities in the eastern coastal and southwestern regions, whereas low levels were found in the central and northwestern regions; (2) Overall, the coupled coordination of QOL and EE got better from 2008 to 2020, showing that the relationship between them was close and that the coordination gradually got better. Consequently, the spatial change of the coupled coordination was more pronounced, the number of mildly uncoordinated cities was gradually decreasing, urban development was shifting from uncoordinated to coordinated, and the clustering characteristics of the coupled coordination degree were consistent with the spatial change characteristics; (3) Moreover, there was a Granger causality relationship between QOL and EE. This means that the degree of their mutual influence increased over time, while their development became less dependent on inertia, with obvious interaction characteristics; and (4) The values of integrated QOL and EE were separately clustered and combined with the type of coupled and coordinated urban development based on their development stage. Therefore, the research area was divided into three types: “optimization and upgrading,” “continuous improvement,” and “cultivating development.”

Molecular modeling to elucidate the dynamic interaction process and aggregation mechanism between natural organic matters and nanoplastics

The interactions of nanoplastics (NPs) with natural organic materials (NOMs) dominate the environmental fate of both substances and the organic carbon cycle. Their binding and aggregation mechanisms at the molecular level remain elusive due to the high structural complexity of NOMs and aged NPs. Molecular modeling was used to understand the detailed dynamic interaction mechanism between NOMs and NPs. Advanced humic acid models were used, and three types of NPs, i.e., polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polystyrene (PS), were investigated. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations revealed the geometrical change of the spontaneous formation of NOMs-NPs supramolecular assemblies. The results showed that pristine NPs initially tend to aggregate homogeneously due to their hydrophobic nature, and then NOM fragments are bound to the formed NP aggregates mainly by vdW interaction. Homo- and hetero-aggregation between NOMs and aged NPs occur simultaneously through various mechanisms, including intermolecular forces and Ca2+ bridging effect, eventually resulting in a mixture of supramolecular structures. Density functional theory calculations were employed to characterize the surface properties and reactivity of the NP monomers. The molecular polarity indices for unaged PE, PS, and PVC were 3.1, 8.5, and 22.2 ​kcal/mol, respectively, which increased to 43.2, 51.6, and 42.2 ​kcal/mol for aged NPs, respectively, indicating the increase in polarity after aging. The vdW and electrostatic potentials of NP monomers were visualized. These results clarified the fundamental aggregation processes, and mechanisms between NPs and NOMs, providing a complete molecular picture of the interactions of nanoparticles in the natural aquatic environment.

Impact regimes of a single water droplet impacting a hot immiscible liquid surface

This paper studied the dynamic interaction process of a single water droplet impinging onto an immiscible target liquid, which was a follow-up study on a single water droplet impacting a miscible target liquid i.e. ethanol. Heptane was chosen as the impacted liquid, and the water droplet with a fixed diameter of 1.98 mm was used in the experiments. The droplet Weber number ranged from 30 to 762 by changing the height between the droplet and the impacted liquid surface. A high-speed digital camera at a speed of 2000 fps was used to capture the dynamic process. A comprehensive map We∼θ of typical impact phenomena including penetration, splashing, and bubble was plotted, considering both the cases of immiscible and miscible liquids. The critical Weber numbers of forming the typical phenomena were deduced. The critical Weber numbers for the transition from penetration to splashing and the transition from splashing to bubble could be approximately predicted by We=824.3−140.9e1.5θ and We=62.1+61.5θ, respectively. To clarify the formation mechanisms of typical phenomena, the energy conversions during the dynamic process were analyzed. The influences of pool temperature on energy conversion rates of the crater and jet formation could be predicted by χ=0.437θ+0.156 and φ=0.245θ+0.072, respectively.

Unveiling Competitive Adsorption in TiO2 Photocatalysis through Machine-Learning-Accelerated Molecular Dynamics, DFT, and Experimental Methods.

The efficient harnessing of solar power for water treatment via photocatalytic processes has long been constrained by the challenge of understanding and optimizing the interactions at the photocatalyst surface, particularly in the presence of nontarget cosolutes. The adsorption of these cosolutes, such as natural organic matter, onto photocatalysts can inhibit the degradation of pollutants, drastically decreasing the photocatalytic efficiency. In the present work, computational methods are employed to predict the inhibitory action of a suite of small organic molecules during TiO2 photocatalytic degradation of para-chlorobenzoic acid (pCBA). Specifically, tryptophan, coniferyl alcohol, succinic acid, gallic acid, and trimesic acid were selected as interfering agents against pCBA to observe the resulting competitive reaction kinetics via bulk and surface phase reactions according to Langmuir-Hinshelwood adsorption dynamics. Experiments revealed that trimesic and gallic acids were most competitive with pCBA, followed by succinic acid. Density functional theory (DFT) and machine learning interatomic potentials (MLIPs) were used to investigate the molecular basis of these interactions. The computational findings showed that while the type of functional group did not directly predict adsorption affinity, the spatial arrangement and electronic interactions of these groups significantly influenced adsorption dynamics and corresponding inhibitory behavior. Notably, MLIPs, derived by fine-tuning models pretrained on a vastly larger dataset, enabled the exploration of adsorption behaviors over substantially longer periods than typically possible with conventional ab initio molecular dynamics, enhancing the depth of understanding of the dynamic interaction processes. Our study thus provides a pivotal foundation for advancing photocatalytic technology in environmental applications by demonstrating the critical role of molecular-level interactions in shaping photocatalytic outcomes.

Trading Gods: Religious Syncretism Along the Silk Road and Indian Ocean

This paper explores the multifaceted phenomenon of religious syncretism along the ancient Silk Road and Indian Ocean trade routes. It investigates how these historic conduits not only facilitated the exchange of goods but also served as crucibles for the transmission and amalgamation of religious beliefs, practices, and iconography across vast geographical expanses. Through a comprehensive analysis of archaeological findings, historical texts, and artistic representations, this study illuminates the intricate encounters between diverse religious traditions such as Buddhism, Hinduism, Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam. By delving into the dynamic processes of cultural interaction and transformation that unfolded along these pivotal trade routes, this paper aims to provide insights into the enduring legacy of religious syncretism in shaping the religious and cultural landscapes of Eurasia and beyond.

Экспериментальные исследования динамической работы железнодорожных мостов при воздействии высокоскоростного подвижного состава

The issue of considering the dynamic interaction of the railway rolling stock and the structures of bridge structures is especially important when solving the tasks of increasing the speeds of trains on the existing railway lines, as well as when prescribing high-speed mode on designed bridges. Rational accounting of the parameters of dynamic interaction allows you to perform complete and reliable calculations of elements of bridge structures, which in turn has a beneficial effect on predicting the period and nature of the operation of structures and, because of the economic component of projects. The modern solution to the problem of dynamic interaction is reduced to determining the degree of influence of each component of the unified mechanical system of the bridge-travel. Objective: the purpose of this study is to determine the parameters of dynamic interaction through experimental measurements of stresses, accelerations, and displacements of structures of the bridge structure located on the existing railway line with an organized high-speed traffic movement. Methods: experimental measurement using high-frequency voltage sensors, accelerations and movements with subsequent statistical processing and analysis of the results. Results: graphs and tables displaying a change in the measured values of relative deformations, accelerations, and movements over time. Practical importance: The practical significance of this study is to assess the degree of influence of the components of the dynamic interaction of high-speed rolling composition and the bridge structure, which allows you to form a holistic picture of the nature of the process of dynamic interaction.

Dynamic response of piles embedded in granular soil to lateral impacts

Soil-embedded vehicle barriers, such as W-beam guardrail systems, play a pivotal role in transportation safety, mitigating the risks associated with vehicular collisions with roadside hazards. The efficacy of these barriers greatly depends on the pile-soil system's kinetic energy dissipation capability during vehicular impacts. However, a comprehensive understanding of how soil strength, embedment depth, and impact velocity collectively govern the dynamic behavior of the pile-soil system remains a gap in current research. This study explores the dynamics of lateral impacts on piles embedded in various granular soils. The process of dynamic lateral impact and interaction between the pile and the soil was modeled using the Updated Lagrangian Finite Element Method (UL-FEM). A damage-based element erosion algorithm was incorporated into the model to accommodate severe mesh distortions and element entanglements of the soil material brought by the pile impact. Validation against well-documented large-scale physical impact tests ascertained the model's fidelity. Our findings elucidate the significant differences in resistive forces between piles in strong versus weak granular soils – notably, the former exhibited resistive forces roughly double their weaker counterparts under equivalent embedment depths and varied impact velocities. Intriguingly, a stiff pile in weak soil necessitates nearly double the embedment depth to match the energy dissipation of its strong-soil counterpart. Furthermore, the study discerned consistent depth of rotation point ranges for piles embedded in distinct soil strengths, regardless of embedment depth and impact velocity.

Trust-induced cooperation under the complex interaction of networks and emotions

Numerous studies have explored the relationship between cooperation and inter-individual trust. However, the understanding of the dynamic interaction process of trust among networked agents with bounded rationality remains limited. To bridge this gap, this paper develops an evolutionary game model that incorporates a trust perspective considering emotional scaling. Trust is quantified based on individuals’ limited memory of interaction experiences, acting as a perturbation factor that influences cooperative strategies. The role of emotional factors, particularly guilt and anger, in trust formation is emphasized. Extensive numerical simulations reveal that introducing trust greatly enhances cooperation in the system, especially in networks with lower randomness. Trust-based cooperative decision-making demonstrates evident historical path dependence characteristics. Notably, the effects of emotions differ. Guilt effectively motivates defectors to switch strategies, thereby enhancing cooperation. In contrast, the influence of anger on cooperation diminishes as it becomes intertwined with other factors during the trust-building process. The empirical results of higher returns for low-trust groups have also been validated in this paper. Overall, this work contributes to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying cooperation formation.

Medical Care as Flea Market Bargaining? An International Interdisciplinary Study of Varieties of Shared Decision Making in Physician–Patient Interactions

Phenomenon: Shared decision making (SDM) is a core ideal in the interaction between healthcare providers and patients, but the implementation of the SDM ideal in clinical routines has been a relatively slow process. Approach: In a sociological study, 71 interactions between physicians and simulated patients enacting chronic heart failure were video-recorded in China, Germany, the Netherlands, and Turkey as part of a quasi-experimental research design. Participating physicians varied in specialty and level of experience. The secondary analysis presented in this article used content analysis to study core components of SDM in all of the 71 interactions and a grounded theory approach to observe how physicians responded actively to patients even though they did not actively employ the SDM ideal. Findings: Full realization of the SDM ideal remains an exception, but various aspects of SDM in physician–patient interaction were observed in all four locations. Analyses of longer interactions show dynamic processes of interaction that sometimes surprised both patient and physician. We observed varieties of SDM that differ from the SDM ideal but arguably achieve what the SDM ideal is intended to achieve. Our analysis suggests a need to revisit the SDM ideal—to consider whether varieties of SDM may be acceptable, even valuable, in their own right. Insights: The gap between the SDM ideal and SDM as implemented in clinical practice may in part be explained by the tendency of medicine to define and teach SDM through a narrow lens of checklist evaluations. The authors support the argument that SDM defies a checklist approach. SDM is not uniform, but nuanced, dependent on circumstances and setting. As SDM is co-produced by patients and physicians in a dynamic process of interaction, medical researchers should consider and medical learners should be exposed to varieties of SDM-related practice rather than a single idealized model. Observing and discussing worked examples contributes to the physician’s development of realistic expectations and personal professional growth.

Red-emissive silicon nanodots with highly biocompatible for mitochondrial dynamic tracking and blood-brain barrier penetration imaging

As one of the most indispensable organelles in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria are the primary site of cellular energy acquisition. Visual monitoring of mitochondria is an important way to understand mitochondrial morphology and cellular activities. However, it is difficult to achieve long-term localization and tracking due to the poor photostability of commercial mitochondria-targeted dyes. In this work, red-emissive silicon nanodots (R-SiNDs) with a highly mitochondrial-targeting and optimal emission peak at 614 nm were designed. The absolute quantum yield (QY) was up to 22.68%, while Pearson’s correlation coefficient in co-localization analysis was as high as 0.94. Subsequently, the long-term dynamic processes of mitochondrial fusion, division and interaction with lipid droplets were clear visualization in living cells based on good photostability and high photoluminescence efficiency. More interestingly, R-SiNDs without any other modification exhibited wonderful blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration capacity and were accumulated in the central canal of the spinal cord of zebrafish. Therefore, the as-prepared R-SiNDs can not only be used to study mitochondrial dynamics, but also provide a reliable basis for diagnosing mitochondria-related brain diseases, which is of great value in biomedical applications.

A Spatiotemporal Deep Learning-Based Smart Discovery Approach for Marine Pollution Incidents from the Data-Driven Perspective

Marine pollution incidents (MPI) are often a dynamic process of time and space interaction. Currently, the monitoring of MPI is basically realized by manual analysis from expert experience. Such working mode has an obvious time lag, and is not useful for timely disposal. As a result, intelligent algorithms that can make quick discovery for MPI from massive monitoring data remain a practical demand in this field. Considering that monitoring elements generally have multi-dimensional characteristics and spatiotemporal causal relationships, this work develops a spatiotemporal deep learning-based smart discovery approach for MPI from the data-driven perspective. In particular, a systematic preprocessing workflow is developed for the spatiotemporal monitoring data, which facilitates following feature extraction. Then, a spatiotemporal convolution neural network structure is developed to extract features from original spatiotemporal monitoring data. On this basis, the discovery results of MPI can be output via neural computing structures. Taking the polluting marine oil spill incident in the Bohai Sea in eastern China as a case study, this work carries out a simulation application and its result analysis. The obtained simulation results can reveal the proper performance of the proposal.

Narracja filmowa – funkcja terapeutyczna. Kilka słów o Amatorze (1979) Krzysztofa Kieślowskiego

The strategy of the (auto)therapist in film art is a process of dynamic interaction between the transmitting and receiving roles, i.e. the director – the protagonist of his work and the projected viewers. The film is a space enabling the creator to analyze the problems of a modern man in order to increase the skills of self-understanding, self-distancing from emotions and developing reflection. The latter is conducive to the coherence of narratives about oneself and the construction of one’s identity. Results and conclusions: Projection and identification, which is part of the emotional and cognitive responses available to the creator and recipient of the work, are processes of therapeutic importance. Creation (and contact with its effect – a finished work) is then a tool helping to regulate: modulation of attention, emotions (modulation of emotion), fosters cognition (modulation of cognition), understanding behavior (modulation of behavior) and communication (modulation of communication).

A Case Study of Chinese University Students' Portuguese Learning Strategies in a Multilingual Environment in Macau

Aiming at the phenomenon of a large number of Chinese students studying in Macao in recent years, this study investigates the language learning strategy behaviours of two Chinese international students at University A in Macao as well as two mainland students who went to Macao for a one-year exchange as case studies. Based on the relevant theories of second language acquisition, the interviews and observation records were qualitatively analysed, and the characteristics of Chinese international students' implementation of language learning strategies in a multilingual environment and the related influences were explored. The findings suggest that language learning strategy behaviour is a dynamic process of continuous interaction between the learning context and individual learners, reflecting individual variability and uncertainty. International students need to weigh the relationship between Portuguese and English learning strategies, and to complement each other's strengths in order to improve their learning strategies. Students who come to study in Macau should make full use of the multilingual environment in order to obtain the positive effects of this environment.

A pore-scale study on microstructure and permeability evolution of hydrate-bearing sediment during dissociation by depressurization

Research data and visual evidence to understand the interaction between hydrate dissociation and micro-seepage in sediment are currently lacking. In this study, X-ray computed tomography (CT) is used to reveal the dynamic interaction process between sediment pore-scale structural changes and permeability during hydrate dissociation. After Xe hydrate formation in spherical quartz and then decomposed the hydrate by depressurization to obtain the real-time permeability and 3D structure of hydrate-bearing sediments (HBSs) with CT scans. The results show that the heterogeneity of hydrate spatial distribution does not change the power function relationship between permeability and hydrate saturation. The ball-and-stick model shows that the number and size of flow channels dominate the flow resistance of the fluid at high hydrate saturation, while the size of flow channels dominates it at low hydrate saturation. The saturation cut-off point is between 16.35% and 25.37%. The CT scan images show that the hydrate morphology changes from patchy to load-bearing, and then to cementing. The transition process from load-bearing to cementing has the greatest impact on sediment permeability. Further PNM simulations show that the size and number of flow channels and capillary forces are the main factors affecting the ability of gas–water two-phase flow in the sediment. Most importantly, a relative permeability model related to hydrate saturation parameters is proposed based on image processing technology. The good agreement between the model and available laboratory/field measurements proves its practicability. The method of proposing this model provides a new idea to establish new relative permeability models.

How does health communication on social media influence e-cigarette perception and use? A trend analysis from 2017 to 2020

ObjectiveE-cigarettes have achieved a high prevalence rapidly. While social media is among the most influential platforms for health communication, its impact on attitudes and behaviors of e-cigarettes and its changes over time remain underexplored. This study aims to address the gap. MethodsFour years of data (2017–2020) were derived from the U.S. Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) (aged 18–64 years, n = 9,914). Initially, key variables were compared across years. Furthermore, guided by the health belief model, we employed a moderated mediation model to examine the influence of social media health communication on the public’s perceptions and behaviors related to e-cigarettes, distinguishing between smokers and non-smokers throughout the four-year period. ResultsThe evidence shows a process of dynamic interaction between communication, perception, and behavior. (1) We observed an increasing trend of social media health communication (SMH) and perceived relative harm of e-cigarettes (PHE). (2) Higher SMH was associated with more e-cigarette use directly in 2019. (3) Higher SMH was associated with less e-cigarette use indirectly through PHE in 2020. (4) Smokers consistently displayed heightened sensitivity in responding to harm perception compared to non-smokers. ConclusionsThe findings support two mechanisms underlying the association between SMH and e-cigarette use: direct and indirect. The changes in the pathways during the timespan may have been influenced by increased e-cigarette information on social media and public health events like COVID-19. Stricter regulations for unverified e-cigarette advertisements and anti-e-cigarette education on social media are called for to curtail e-cigarette use.

STATISTICAL MODEL OF AERODYNAMIC IMPACT ON THE LARGE-SPAN COVERAGE

The aim of the study was to study the possibility of using the Dirichlet distribution as a statistical model of the process of dynamic interaction of large-span structures with aerodynamic load. As an object of research, a model of a hangar building was chosen for the maintenance of two AirbusA-380 aircraft at a scale of 1: 500 blown in a wind tunnel at five directions of wind flow at angles of 0 °, 30 °, 45 °, 60 °, 90 ° to the front of the structure ... It is shown that the statistical model of the Dirichlet distribution has sufficient flexibility and realism and compares favorably with the models built on the basis of the normal distribution, beta distribution, gamma distribution and Poisson distribution when describing the processes of intense dynamic interaction of wind load with structural elements. The problem of finding an integral assessment of the state of the processes of interaction of the wind load with the hangar building for the maintenance of two aircraft was reduced to calculating the self-organization parameter of the distribution over the surface of the building model of the aerodynamic coefficients, which was taken as the ratio of the total weighted amount of the Dirichlet models detected in the analyzed numerical series of the registered signal i-th dimension with negative external entropy to the total weighted number of Dirichlet models with positive external entropy.
 The study showed that the dimensionless informational and statistical indicator of self-organization makes it possible from a unified standpoint to assess the states that differ from each other in terms of external signs, the processes of interaction and their dynamics. The integral indicator can be used to rank the efficiency of operating systems and can be useful in assessing the state of the processes of dynamic interaction of the operating pressure and objects and structures of various shapes and purposes.

Research on single target cognitive electronic reconnaissance strategy for unmanned aerial vehicle

AbstractThe integration of electronic reconnaissance platforms and payloads in the electromagnetic and spatial domains of cognition is necessary for the successful execution of cognitive electronic reconnaissance missions. However, in partially observable environments, platforms and payloads interact in separate operational domains, making it a challenge for the model. The authors create a theoretical model of cognitive electronic reconnaissance, present an analysis method of model elements and derives adequate requirements for optimal radiation source sorting or recognition. Then, a 3D cognitive reconnaissance simulator ‘Scouter’ to simulate the dynamic interaction process of space electronic reconnaissance missions is developed and a deep reinforcement learning framework to optimise the electronic reconnaissance strategies of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is designed. For the first time, a method for judging reconnaissance area coverage using a behavioural angle is proposed. This method enables a deep reinforcement learning‐based UAV with better reconnaissance behaviours and to realise the stable targeting of the target by the receiving antenna beam during reconnaissance. Moreover, the fast convergence of UAV agent training is ensured through the normalisation of partially observable status and reward shaping. Verified by adequate numerical simulations, a trained UAV can complete a 100 reconnaissance cycles mission with a completion rate of 91.9%. Even after the reconnaissance cycles are prolonged to 600, the mission completion rate can still be maintained at 78.5%. The most satisfying aspect is that the UAV comprehends the idea of reconnaissance and behaves in a way that is typical of it, such as by reciprocating or circling the edge of the radar's detecting power.

SOME DYNAMIC PROCESSES AT LONGITUDINALLY-TRANSVERSE SHIFT OF THE CARGO

The purpose of the work is to study the influence of the longitudinally-transverse shift of the cargo’s center of mass on the dynamic loading of the wagon in order to solve the problem of predicting the dynamics and stability of an asymmetrically loaded railroad vehicle. During the analytical simulation, a multibody model of the spatial oscillations of the wagon was used. The differential equations of wagon oscillations are compiled using the d'Alembert principle, while the wagon is considered as a system with 42 degrees of freedom. The work presents the results of analytical simulation of some dynamic processes of interaction of railroad vehicles with the rails on the example of flat wagons. The results of the analytical simulation are presented, taking into account the speed of movement along the curved sections of the railway track. The proposed multibody model "heavy cargo – wagon" makes it possible to analytically determine the dynamic characteristics of the system and ensure the development of such methods of transportation of heavy cargo that meet the requirements of train traffic safety. The application of the obtained results will help improve the running safety of freight wagons and enhance the technical and economic performance of railways.