Dynamic Compensation Mechanism Research Articles

Auxiliary Service Dynamic Compensation Mechanism Design for Incentivizing Market Participants to Provide Flexibility in China

Auxiliary Service Dynamic Compensation Mechanism Design for Incentivizing Market Participants to Provide Flexibility in China

Research on the Measurement, Evaluation and Compensation of Traditional Village Residents’ Emotional Perception: A Case of 14 Traditional Villages in Guanzhong Region

Traditional village residents’ emotional perception is a mapping of the man–land relationship in rural areas, which leads to the attitudes and behaviors of the residents. Against the background of previous studies focusing on technical rationality but neglecting the exploration of “human” emotional factors, it is crucial to carry out research on the traditional village residents’ emotional perception to promote people-centered rural development of high quality. The paper selected 123 residents from 14 traditional villages in Guanzhong region and constructs an evaluation index system which includes three dimensions based on the logical framework of “spiritual attachment-functional dependence-developmental cognition”. Next, the questionnaire method was used to collect data and the empirical analysis was conducted using the obstacle degree model and the network analysis model. The research shows that: (1) the overall level of the traditional village residents’ emotional perception is in the middle-upper class and there are significant differences, and there is a non-equilibrium in different evaluation dimensions. (2) The main obstacle to the improvement of the level of traditional village residents’ emotional perception is perception of development, followed by the sense of belonging, and the sense of happiness has a greater supportive role. (3) “Sustainable development of the village” (D-07) is the central node of the network analysis model of traditional village residents’ emotional perception. Meanwhile, the nodes “willingness to live” (G-02) and “basic rights are guaranteed” (X-10) are the central nodes of the sub-networks of sense of belonging and sense of happiness. (4) The residents’ education level and the frequency of community participation have a significant positive effect on their emotional perception level. Finally, the paper explores the dynamic compensation mechanism of traditional village residents’ emotional perception. Our results provide policy guidance for achieving sustainable development of traditional villages.

Secure practical tracking of an uncertain robotic system under coarse conditions on reference trajectory and obstacles

AbstractThis article investigates practical tracking joint with obstacle‐avoidance for a class of uncertain robotic systems. The remarkable features are revealed from two aspects. First, more serious system uncertainties are allowed than the related literature due to the presence of unknown system matrices and mismatched disturbance in the investigated system. Second, only coarse conditions are required on reference trajectory and obstacles since their time derivatives are not necessarily to be available for feedback but those of the related literature muse be, while the reference trajectory is only required to be first rather than second order continuously differentiable. For this, a secure adaptive control framework is established by incorporating adaptive dynamic compensation mechanism into the backstepping procedure with the smart choice of adaptive law and the skillful injection of a barrier function. Consequently, a state‐feedback controller is explicitly designed which guarantees the obstacle‐avoidance of the robotic system while all the signals of the resulting closed‐loop system are bounded with system output practically tracking the reference trajectory. Finally, simulation results are provided for two specified robot systems to validate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.

A nonlinear interactive grey multivariable model based on dynamic compensation for forecasting the economy-energy-environment system

Achieving the goals of emissions intensity reduction and energy structure transformation while ensuring stable economic development is essential for sustainable development in China. Establishing a concise and accurate model for predicting the 3E (economy-energy-environment) system is beneficial for decision-makers in developing optimal long-term energy and environmental planning. Although previous studies have concentrated on the interaction of variables in the 3E system, frameworks for prediction have thus far been limited. In this paper, we develop a novel nonlinear interactive grey multivariable model based on dynamic compensation, denoted as DCNIGM1,N, to perform the prediction of the 3E system. More specifically, the proposed model innovatively takes into account nonlinear driving effects to elucidate nonlinear interactive relationships between the system variables. A dynamic compensation mechanism is introduced into the systematic grey modeling for the first time to adapt to a dynamic system. In addition, the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) is employed to determine the optimal nonlinear parameters to improve the forecast accuracy. To evaluate the performance of the DCNIGM1,N model in forecasting the 3E system, two existing grey forecasting models, three statistical approaches, and three machine learning models are selected as the benchmark models. Moreover, two more cases with different variables of the 3E system are applied to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed model. Experimental results indicate that the DCNIGM1,N model possesses the most excellent performance in all cases, showing the effectiveness and generalizability of the proposed method. The prediction from 2019 to 2020 shows that carbon emissions, total energy consumption, and gross domestic product will grow steadily.

A Dynamic Just‐in‐Time Component Delivery Framework for Off‐Site Construction

Off‐site construction entails various advantages compared with the traditional construction method; however, the fragmentation of the prefabrication and assembly results in a complex supply chain. Both general contractors and factories often encounter production deviation, making the original component delivery plan nonoptimal. Traditionally, both parties tend to rely on internal resources or third‐party resources to manage schedule changes, paying little attention to the optimisation of the component delivery process. The static compensation mechanisms reported in existing literature require factories to manage demand fluctuations but fail to encourage general contractors to control schedule deviations. Therefore, a dynamic compensation mechanism is proposed to achieve just‐in‐time component delivery, with which a factory shares possible changes for each component’s delivery date to its clients on an inverse Kanban system. First, unfavourable changes for the factory schedule are allocated with surcharges, and the general contractor should compensate the factory if it accepts the date changes; secondly, schedule changes that are beneficial for the factory are assigned as incentives, and the general contractor receives the factory’s incentive upon agreeing to the changes. Based on these two scenarios, genetic algorithm‐based optimisation models are developed to achieve optimal delivery planning solutions. General contractors can obtain an optimal component delivery date to reduce the additional cost when they have changed the assembly schedule. General contractors can also optimise their component delivery schedule to trade their duration flexibility for incentives offered by factories. The models can help both parties to reduce component delivery waste when either side has the motivation to change the original component delivery schedules.

Adaptive bidding strategy for real-time energy management in multi-energy market enhanced by blockchain

Energy trading in the multi-energy market is affected by many uncertainties, especially the fluctuation of renewable energy sources and intermittent demand behavior of customers. The real-time energy management can effectively solve the impact of various uncertainties, ensure the instantaneous balance of energy and improve trading returns. A bidding strategy for multi-energy market is presented, in which reserve price adjustment and dynamic compensation mechanism is innovatively integrated into adaptive learning process. All energy trading participants conduct adaptive learning bidding adjustment based on real-time information in order to obtain higher transaction rate and transaction income. Meanwhile, adding dynamic compensation to the quoted price of fossil energy increases the consumption rate of renewable energy and reduces the emissions of pollutants. Furthermore, blockchain technology can ensure the seamless and effective performance of the presented bidding strategy. In the case study, the results show that our bidding strategy has an obvious advantage in social welfare and allocation efficiency than existing bidding strategies. Moreover, the problem of environmental pollution can be solved to a certain extent through flexible dynamic compensation. Finally, a decentralized application of blockchain is developed to demonstrate how the system could realize real-time energy management and dynamic trading in practice.

Dynamic compensation mechanism gives rise to period and duty-cycle level sets in oscillatory neuronal models.

Rhythmic oscillation in neurons can be characterized by various attributes, such as the oscillation period and duty cycle. The values of these features depend on the amplitudes of the participating ionic currents, which can be characterized by their maximum conductance values. Recent experimental and theoretical work has shown that the values of these attributes can be maintained constant for different combinations of two or more ionic currents of varying conductances, defining what is known as level sets in conductance space. In two-dimensional conductance spaces, a level set is a curve, often a line, along which a particular oscillation attribute value is conserved. In this work, we use modeling, dynamical systems tools (phase-space analysis), and numerical simulations to investigate the possible dynamic mechanisms responsible for the generation of period and duty-cycle levels sets in simplified (linearized and FitzHugh-Nagumo) and conductance-based (Morris-Lecar) models of neuronal oscillations. A simplistic hypothesis would be that the tonic balance between ionic currents with the same or opposite effective signs is sufficient to create level sets. According to this hypothesis, the dynamics of each ionic current during a given cycle are well captured by some constant quantity (e.g., maximal conductances), and the phase-plane diagrams are identical or are almost identical (e.g., cubic-like nullclines with the same maxima and minima) for different combinations of these maximal conductances. In contrast, we show that these mechanisms are dynamic and involve the complex interaction between the nonlinear voltage dependencies and the effective time scales at which the ionic current's dynamical variables operate.

Research on the Dynamic Compensation Mechanism that is Brought by Engineering Measurement to the Contract Status

<p>Based on engineering measurement ，the contract state change is classified into three types: variation, deviation on bill of quantities, discrepancy in BQ quantity. Based on this, analysis is made on the dynamic compensation mechanism that the bill of quantities can have to the contract state according to the change type of the contract state of the bill of quantities, finally the quantitative value adjusted by the contract price based on the change type of the three contract state based on the bill of quantities.</p>

Effect of Short-Term Low-Intensity Exercise Training on Association of Oxygen Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide Production in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Moderate-to-high intensity of exercise training within 2 to 3 months decreases oxygen free radicals (reactive oxygen species, ROS) and increases nitric oxide (NO) in outpatients with myocardial infarction. There is no data about the association of ROS and NO after short-term low-intensity exercise training within 5 days in patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). A total of 32 male patients with AMI were randomized into two groups: 15 patients with short-term low-intensity exercise training within 5 days formed the training group and 17 patients without such exercise training formed the control group. All patients performed exercise treadmill test with modified Bruce protocol before and after the study. F2-isoprostane and NO concentration of the training group increased slightly after modified Bruce exercise treadmill test. Compared with the control group, NO of the training group was also slightly higher. Baseline NO and uric acid were negative predictor variables for F2-isoprostane in all patients hospitalized with AMI, and triglyceride was a positive predictor variable. After the study, physical capacity of the training group was higher; but heart rate and systolic blood pressure were lower significantly. This study showed that short-term low-intensity exercise training for patients hospitalized with AMI did not change ROS and NO productions, but it improved physical capacity and lowered heart rate and systolic blood pressure. NO was negative predictor variable for F2-isoprostane in controlling ROS changes in dynamic compensation mechanism.

The Compensation Mechanism and Water Quality Impacts of Agriculture-Urban Water Transfers: A Case Study in China’s Chaobai Watershed

Water transfer from agriculture to urban uses will likely become increasingly common worldwide. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of converting paddy rice to dry land crops (PPRDC) on local farmers’ income in China’s Chaobai watershed and to analyze the responses of surface water quality to the change in cropping system. An on-site investigation of 485 households and water quality data from 1999 to 2008 are presented in this study. The cost of cultivation as a percentage of the total revenue was 22.3 % for rice and 30.1 % for corn, and the calculated compensation level (CCOM) should be 6172.3 Yuan ha−1. PPRDC provided farms with stable income without regard to drought and flood: thus, farmers responded positively to PPRDC, and 76.7 % of farmers expected to continue PPRDC. Inflow water quality was improved in terms of total nitrogen (TN) and nitrate (NO3–N) because of the reduction in fertilizer and pesticides after PPRDC, but there was no significant change in total phosphorus (TP). PPRDC not only reallocates water resource to different users but also improves water quality through crop adjustment. A dynamic compensation mechanism based on changing crop price is required for the future water transfer project.

Controlling Chaos in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors by Cascade Adaptive Approach

Chaotic phenomena in permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) can be observed when parameters in PMSM are in a certain range. In general, chaos will degrade the performance of PMSM or even collapse the system. In order to suppress the chaos in PMSM, cascade adaptive control is utilized in this paper. Faithful model of PMSM is not necessarily required by using adaptive control based on dynamic compensation mechanism. By choosing appropriate controller parameters, chaos will be eliminated and the response speed can be tunable. Numerical simulation results for nominal case and parameter perturbation case are given out to confirm the cascade adaptive control is valid in chaos control of PMSM.

Cascade adaptive control of uncertain unified chaotic systems

The chaos control of uncertain unified chaotic systems is considered. Cascade adaptive control approach with only one control input is presented to stabilize states of the uncertain unified chaotic system at the zero equilibrium point. Since an adaptive controller based on dynamic compensation mechanism is employed, the exact model of the unified chaotic system is not necessarily required. By choosing appropriate controller parameters, chaotic phenomenon can be suppressed and the response speed is tunable. Sufficient condition for the asymptotic stability of the approach is derived. Numerical simulation results confirm that the cascade adaptive control approach with only one control signal is valid in chaos control of uncertain unified chaotic systems.

Synchronization of hyperchaotic Chen systems: a class of the adaptive control approach

The synchronization of hyperchaotic Chen systems is considered. An adaptive synchronization approach and a cascade adaptive synchronization approach are presented to synchronize a drive system and a response system. By utilizing an adaptive controller based on the dynamic compensation mechanism, exact knowledge of the systems is not necessarily required, and the synchronous speed is controllable by tuning the controller parameters. Sufficient conditions for the asymptotic stability of the two synchronization schemes are derived. Numerical simulation results demonstrate that the adaptive synchronization scheme with four control inputs and the cascade adaptive synchronization scheme with only one control signal are effective and feasible in chaos synchronization of hyperchaotic systems.

Modeling the dynamic component of the geoid and topography of Venus

We analyze the Venusian geoid and topography to determine the relative importance of isostatic, elastic and dynamic compensation mechanisms over different degree ranges. The geoid power spectrum plotted on a log‐log scale shows a significant change in its slope at about degree 40, suggesting a transition from a predominantly dynamic compensation mechanism at lower degrees to an isostatic and/or elastic mechanism at higher degrees. We focus on the dynamic compensation in the lower‐degree interval. We assume that (1) the flow is whole mantle in style, (2) the long‐wavelength geoid and topography are of purely dynamic origin, and (3) the density structure of Venus' mantle can be approximated by a model in which the mass anomaly distribution does not vary with depth. Solving the inverse problem for viscosity within the framework of internal loading theory, we determine the families of viscosity models that are consistent with the observed geoid and topography between degrees 2 and 40. We find that a good fit to the data can be obtained not only for an isoviscous mantle without a pronounced lithosphere, as suggested in some previous studies, but also for models with a high‐viscosity lithosphere and a gradual increase in viscosity with depth in the mantle. The overall viscosity increase across the mantle found for the latter group of models is only partially resolved, but profiles with a ∼100‐km‐thick lithosphere and a viscosity increasing with depth by a factor of 10–80, hence similar to viscosity profiles expected in the Earth's mantle, are among the best fitting models.

A three-dimensional gravity study of the Rodrigues Triple Junction and Southeast Indian Ridge

Three-dimensional analysis of gravity and bathymetry data is used to investigate the density structure of the Rodrigues Triple Junction and the first segment of the Southeast Indian Ridge south of the triple junction. The distribution of mantle Bouguer and residual gravity anomalies suggests that focused upwelling of mantle is occurring along the nearly co-linear Central Indian and Southeast Indian Ridge limbs of the triple junction. In contrast, the mantle Bouguer anomaly over the Southwest Indian limb of the triple junction shows little variation despite nearly 4 km of topographic relief within this segment of the Southwest Indian Ridge. The absence of a significant mantle Bouguer anomaly over the Southwest Indian Ridge near the triple junction suggests that the rift valley observed on this segment is not completely compensated by thinning oceanic crust; only ∼ 1 km of crustal thinning within the axial valley is expected, based on our gravity analysis. Further, no clear long-wavelength thermal signal associated with lithospheric growth can be associated with the Southwest Indian Ridge in this region. These observations imply that focused upwelling is not occurring on this segment of the Southwest Indian Ridge and require a primarily dynamic compensation mechanism for the extreme axial topography. Our analysis indicates that the Rodrigues Triple Junction system is dominated by mantle upwelling associated with the Southeast and Central Indian Ridges.