Dynamic Collaborative Environments Research Articles

Prometeo: tragedia dell'ascolto by Luigi Nono

Reviewed by: Prometeo: tragedia dell'ascolto by Luigi Nono Martin Iddon Luigi Nono. Prometeo: tragedia dell'ascolto. Nuova edizione. Edited with notes on performance by André Richard. Milan: Ricordi, 2021. [ 2 volumes (1 score [xxi, 231 p.]; 1 commentary [ 513 p.]) Pub. no.: 139789. ISBN: 9788881920853. ISMN: 9790041397894. $490] The publication of this performing edition of Luigi Nono's Prometeo, tragedia dell'ascolto (Prometeo, a tragedy of listening) (1975–85) is unambiguously a cause for celebration. Despite the fact that Prometeo is arguably one of the finest pieces by one of the most prominent post-war composers, I suspect it is little enough known that a review of it ought also to try to provide some additional contexts in framing the value and significance. This useful and usable edition is accompanied by a rich and extensive—some two hundred pages in the English version of the trilingual text—set of notes on performing the piece, principally from the pen of André Richard. As Richard's foreword notes (p. 315), he had a major involvement with all performances of Prometeo, from its premiere in Venice in 1984 to, over thirty years later, its 2015 performance in Paris, "from preparing the Chorus and Vocal soloists to leading the Sound Direction, and since 1991 [he has] supervised the design of the sonic space for the many different performance venues, by planning the setup of the sound-emitting bodies and the live electronics" (p. 315). Richard was, too, able to draw on the experience and insights of working with Nono on performances of Prometeo until the composer's death in 1990, as well as with Hans Peter Haller, whose work at the Experimentalstudio in Freiburg was fundamental not only to Prometeo but to all of Nono's work with electronics from the early 1980s on. In a sense, this necessarily implies that the 'authorized version' of the text is André Richard's version of Nono's Prometeo, in a way which might be thought to detract from at least some of the resistance to performability which Prometeo seems to encode and might even be part of its character (Jonathan Impett, Routledge Handbook to Luigi Nono and Musical Thought [London: Routledge, 2019], 410). As Marco Mazzolini's note on the nature of the edition makes clear, much of the development of the piece was undertaken in a dynamic collaborative environment, captured in the score in a jargon understood to those in the group, but impenetrable from the outside. More, Nono intervened in the score, adapting and varying it in each performance he was involved with (pp. 317–18). Yet, in the face of a piece lasting two hours or so, for massive forces (four orchestral groups, six instrumental soloists, five vocal soloists, two actors, a twelve-voice choir, three glass bells—requiring two-to-three players—and live electronics, as well as two independent conductors), there could be no more expert guide. Indeed, it is probably not too much of a stretch to say that nobody else could have done it. Also included is a fine essay by Carola Nielinger-Vakil (pp. 330–50), a skilful abridgement of some eighty pages of commentary on Prometeo in her 2015 monograph (Carola Nielinger-Vakil, Luigi Nono: A Composer in Context [Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015], principally drawn from pp. 237–316), transforming scholarly essay into an excellent guide for listening. It is probably worth confessing right at the outset that, though I am always interested in or intrigued by the music I write about, in the case of Luigi Nono, I am also, straightforwardly, a fan. My shelves contain, for instance, no fewer [End Page 442] than five recordings of his La lontananza nostalgica utopica futura (1988–89), alongside multiple other digital versions on my hard drive. Each one is remarkable in its own way, though the version I heard live—performed by Mieko Kanno with electronics provided by Richard Barrett and Paul Obermayer—in a chilly St. Oswald's Church in Durham, during a northern English March when spring had assuredly not yet sprung was, I think, the first occasion on which I felt I truly 'got' the music of Nono's last period, music characterized...

Controlled flexibility in blockchain-based collaborative business processes

Blockchain technology enables the execution of collaborative business processes involving mutually untrusted parties. Existing tools allow such processes to be modeled using high-level notations and compiled into smart contracts that can be deployed on blockchain platforms. However, these tools do not provide mechanisms to cope with the flexibility requirements inherent to open and dynamic collaboration environments. In particular, existing tools adopt a static role binding approach wherein roles are bound to actors upfront when a process instance is created. Also, these tools do not allow participants to collectively make choices regarding alternative sub-processes or branches in the process model, at runtime. This paper presents a model for dynamic binding of actors to roles in collaborative processes and an associated binding policy specification language. The proposed language is endowed with a Petri net semantics, thus enabling policy consistency verification. Furthermore, the paper introduces a model for consensus-based control-flow flexibility, wherein participants in a process can collectively agree on how to steer the business process within the boundaries defined by control-flow agreement policies. The paper also outlines an approach to compile policy specifications into smart contracts for enforcement. An experimental evaluation shows that the cost of policy enforcement increases linearly with the number of roles, control-flow elements, and policy constraints.

Cloud manufacturing – Scheduling as a service for sheet metal manufacturing

Cloud manufacturing refers to a new concept of using centralized cloud computing for manufacturing information systems to support distributed and dynamic collaborative manufacturing environment. The core of cloud manufacturing is to provide service to geographically distributed manufacturers centralized services. This paper introduces a cloud based production scheduling system for sheet metal manufacturing and discusses the requirements of scheduling as a service. A genetic algorithm based scheduling application has been developed to serve distributed manufacturing lines in form of cloud manufacturing. The characteristics of the prototype system are described and performance estimates are tested.

Work-Based Access Control Model for Cooperative Healthcare Environments: Formal Specification and Verification.

In this study, an access control model for cooperative healthcare environments is presented. A work-based access control (WBAC) model is proposed by introducing the concept of team role classification based on Belbin team role theory and modifying the user-role assignment model from previous work. Roles are used in conjunction with team roles to handle access control in dynamic collaborative environments. To evaluate and analyze the security, efficiency, and practicality of the proposed model, we first formalize the model (events and policies), define the basic element set and relations in the WBAC model, present the WBAC authorization constraints, and define the WBAC access control decision function. Second, we evaluate the model's security and manageability validity to ensure that the security and management requirements of our WBAC model are met. Finally, we evaluate the performance of the proposed model and compare it with relevant existing models. Verification indicates that WBAC is flexible, easy to manage and meets our expectation of allowing fine-grained access control, and it enhances the practicability of access control in dynamic collaboration environments.

Towards a formal framework for product level agreements

In the European project IMAGINE we address the problem of cross-organisational processes interoperability in dynamic collaboration environments for product detailed design. By dynamicity, we mean that partners can quit the collaboration and be replaced by other partners at run-time. We first propose to capture the objective of the collaboration, that is reaching agreements between the involved partners on the configurations of the final product components. Successfully capturing agreements contributes to minimising the coupling between partners which reduces the impact of changes in the collaboration environment. Then, from the specification of agreements, we generate the cross-organisational process that automates message exchanges between partners. Nevertheless, the fragments of this cross-organisational process can face interoperability issues during run-time. This issue arises because each process fragment belonging to a partner should be generated while upholding business rules of this partner. Accordingly, we propose an automatic mediation approach that is well-adapted for dynamic collaboration environments. We present the implementation and the evaluation of our framework and an industrial case study is followed to illustrate how our framework can be used in practice.

Simplified and efficient framework for managing roles in cloud-based transaction processing systems using attribute-based encryption

Cloud storage is utilised in a dynamic collaboration environment, which creates the need for improved access control techniques protecting outsourced data from security risk exposures. This includes the provision of different level of abstraction, which allows the administrators to implement high level access policies, independent of low level infrastructures constituting the cloud services. In this paper, we define a secured access provision with effective role management (SAPERM) scheme, which provides a clear description of the algorithmic steps associated with system framework establishment and user access provision for cloud-based enterprises. The implementation of SAPERM scheme provides a clear mapping between the system entities solving the problems related to user revocation, delegation and user access provisions. We further deduce an effective algorithm for session scheduling and data archival that results in a highly secure and consistent system framework. The experimental implementation of SAPERM over Nova open stack cloud provides standard access provision and better system performance even at higher process threshold rate. This scheme is validated using Nova open stack compute, a cloud computing environment.

A secure dynamic collaboration environment in a cloud context

In recent years, the cloud has emerged as an attractive means for hosting and delivering services over the Internet. This has resulted in a renewed focus on information security in the case where data is stored in the virtual space of the cloud and is not physically accessible to the customer. This paper addresses the increasing security concerns of migrating to the cloud and utilising it for data storage, focusing on securing data in an untrusted cloud environment and ensuring detailed data access control in the cloud. Two Conceptual designs have been devised by exploring and extending the boundaries of existing secure data-storage schemes, and then combining these with well-known security principles and cutting-edge research within the field of cryptography. To further validate the conceptual designs, proof of concept prototypes have been constructed.

Dynamic Federal Collaborative Development Method for Heavy Military Vehicles

According to the business characteristics and technical requirements of heavy military vehicles digital collaborative development, the paper proposes the dynamic federal collaborative development method for heavy military vehicles. To realize the method, the key is constructing the three-tier dynamic federal collaborative development environment. So the paper focuses on the research of the business, function and technical architecture of dynamic federal collaborative development environment. Applying the Web Service-Based cross-system collaborative flow controlling method and developing the integrated middleware, the three-tier federal collaborative environment realizes tightly integration. Finally, the application demonstration of a type-product inter-enterprise collaborative development based on the developed digital collaborative development platform verifies the effectiveness and feasibility of the method.

Collecting Distributed Knowledge For Community’s Smart Changes

The paper deals with the role of ICT in innovating government’s and the whole process of “policy production process”. By enhancing the connections between various governmental and social organizations, ICT supported knowledge flow s and the associated Socio Technical System may be a vehicle to support innovation in the public sector. In fact, they would enable governments to better cope with the uncertainties of a complex environment. The MIDA Project carried out in the territory of Asti Province (Piedmont) can be considered as an attempt to engage in building such as a system. The Project uses a crowd sourcing approach and it involves citizens in collecting data concerning broadband coverage, Internet access and usages. From a research standpoint, MIDA represented an opportunity to test the role of Internet as a dynamic collaborative environment where statistically relevant data and interpreted information could be merged. In terms of policy, the project stood as an opportunity for the local government to engage itself in a new policy approach to grasp people’s needs and improve service delivery. The paper deals with the role of ICT in innovating government’s and the whole process of “policy production process”. By enhancing the connections between various governmental and social organizations, ICT supported knowledge flow s and the associated Socio Technical System may be a vehicle to support innovation in the public sector. In fact, they would enable governments to better cope with the uncertainties of a complex environment. The MIDA Project carried out in the territory of Asti Province (Piedmont) can be considered as an attempt to engage in building such as a system. The Project uses a crowd sourcing approach and it involves citizens in collecting data concerning broadband coverage, Internet access and usages. From a research standpoint, MIDA represented an opportunity to test the role of Internet as a dynamic collaborative environment where statistically relevant data and interpreted information could be merged. In terms of policy, the project stood as an opportunity for the local government to engage itself in a new policy approach to grasp people’s needs and improve service delivery. Normal 0 14 false false false IT X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:Table Normal; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;}

Achieving Data Consistency by Contextualization in Web-Based Collaborative Applications

Recent years have witnessed the emergence and rapid development of collaborative Web-based applications exemplified by Web-based office productivity applications. One major challenge in building these applications is maintaining data consistency while meeting the requirements of fast local response, total work preservation, unconstrained interaction, and customizable collaboration mode. These requirements are important in determining users’ experiences in interaction and collaboration, and in meeting users’ diverse needs under complex and dynamic collaboration and networking environments; but none of existing solutions is able to meet all of them. In this article, we present a data consistency maintenance solution capable of meeting these requirements for collaborative Web-based applications. Major technical contributions include an efficient sequence-based operation transformation control algorithm based on the concept of contextualization, an operation broadcast protocol for supporting a variety of collaboration modes, an operation replaying algorithm for ensuring fast local response and efficient remote operation replay, and a set of communication protocols for managing the integrity of collaborative Web-based sessions. The proposed solution has been implemented in a prototype collaborative Web-based editor WRACE and the correctness of the solution is formally verified in the article.

Migration-aware policy-making in decentralised and dynamic social and collaborative environments

Migration for employment is acknowledged to have direct consequences on National economies, as well as the overall economic situation of the European Union (EU). Migration policy and decision-makers need to systematically collaborate towards sophisticated approaches that facilitate legal immigrants to be effectively integrated in labour markets and public administration processes. Latest ICT developments, which integrate Web 2.0 technologies, collaborative knowledge management systems, and semantic analysis technologies, allow participatory governance and citizen-generated policy making. This paper presents a collaborative migration policy-modelling centre, techniques, solutions and overall services for collaborative development of immigration policies, as well as for supporting related decisions.

A security framework for dynamic collaborative working environments

Moving away from simple data sharing within the science community towards cross-organizational collaboration scenarios significantly increased challenges related to security and privacy. They need to be addressed in order to make cross-organizational applications such as collaborative working environments a business proposition within communities such as eHealth, construction or manufacturing. Increasingly distributed scenarios where many different types of services need to be combined in order to implement semantically enriched business processes demand new approaches to security within such dynamic Virtual Organizations. The allocation of access rights need to be possible in an easy and controlled way in order to allow inexperienced users to maintain the information and ensure compliance e.g. with legal and privacy related regulations. In this paper the focus is how security concepts originating from the Grid domain have been applied for collaborative working environments. The chosen scenarios are a Virtual Laboratory for Infectious Diseases (ViroLab) and different collaborative environments from the engineering domain as defined within the CoSpaces project. The requirements from these scenarios are analyzed and a security model enabling such dynamic, secure and trustworthy collaborations is presented.

Analysis and Evaluation of Incentive-Compatible Dynamic Mechanisms for Carrier Collaboration

This paper introduces a framework for carrier dynamic collaboration. In particular it proposes and analyzes dynamic collaborative mechanisms that are incentive compatible. The dynamic collaborative environment is characterized by a set of carriers that have a proprietary set of customers that generate a stream of random demands over time. The proposed collaborative mechanism is such that on each demand arrival each carrier has the incentive to submit the arrived shipment or service request to the collaborative mechanism. Intuition about the efficiency and the workings of the collaborative mechanism is developed. A general framework to formulate and study collaborative frameworks among transportation carriers is proposed. A truckload pickup-and-delivery collaborative environment is simulated, and results are analyzed.

Analysis and Evaluation of Incentive-Compatible Dynamic Mechanisms for Carrier Collaboration

This paper introduces a framework for carrier dynamic collaboration. In particular it proposes and analyzes dynamic collaborative mechanisms that are incentive compatible. The dynamic collaborative environment is characterized by a set of carriers that have a proprietary set of customers that generate a stream of random demands over time. The proposed collaborative mechanism is such that on each demand arrival each carrier has the incentive to submit the arrived shipment or service request to the collaborative mechanism. Intuition about the efficiency and the workings of the collaborative mechanism is developed. A general framework to formulate and study collaborative frameworks among transportation carriers is proposed. A truckload pickup-and-delivery collaborative environment is simulated, and results are analyzed.

Critical-path-analysis-based dynamic component supplier optimization

The global market today demands rapid introduction of products while maintaining high quality and minimal costs. To accomplish the goals in a timely and efficient manner, companies are considering the power of collaboration across the product lifecycle. This paper proposes a critical-path-analysis (CPA)-based method to optimize the component supplier selection in a dynamic collaborative environment. An objective function is advanced to formalize the component supplier optimization problem. Fuzzy factors, fuzzy decision of the optimization and their relations are analysed. A CPA-based optimization algorithm is developed to select a set of suppliers that could provide the components at low prices and in time.

Dynamic Interactions in Physically Realistic Collaborative Virtual Environments

This work describes our efforts in creating a general object interaction framework for dynamic collaborative virtual environments. Furthermore, we increase the realism of the interactive world by using a rigid body simulator to calculate all actor and object movements. The main idea behind our interactive platform is to construct a virtual world using only objects that contain their own interaction information. As a result, the object interactions are application independent and only a single scheme is required to handle all interactions in the virtual world. In order to have more dynamic interactions, we also created a new and efficient way for human users to dynamically interact within virtual worlds through their avatar. In particular, we show how inverse kinematics can be used to increase the interaction possibilities and realism in collaborative virtual environments. This results in a higher feeling of presence for connected users and allows for easy, on-the-fly creation of new interactions. For the distribution of both the interactive objects and the dynamic avatar interactions, we keep the network load as low as possible. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our techniques, we incorporate them into an existing CVE framework.

Knowledge development and management for urban poverty alleviation

This paper assesses the performance of poverty alleviation projects, asks why so many have failed, and why successful projects have been successful. It gives a retrospective overview of the development of the concept of poverty, and argues that the way towards poverty eradication goes through holistic, participatory, approaches that build on sharing of knowledge and learning by doing. Projects and programmes should build on the full knowledge of all stakeholders. This way we can create dynamic collaborative environments that build knowledge strategically by developing and applying knowledge as it comes available. It is suggested that approaches should be guided by an enabling framework, within which a multiplicity of partnerships can develop and be effective. Common sense and holistic systems thinking are found to be essential starting points for improvements of the quality of decision-making and the learning and innovation in poverty alleviation efforts.

Modeling Error Recovery in Dynamic Collaborative Domains

For many years, the focus of research in the area of human error was the prevention of erroneous actions and assessments through training and design. However, errors can never be eliminated completely. Therefore, the goal of more recent efforts is to minimize their negative consequences through support for error management, i.e., the detection, explanation, and recovery from erroneous actions. For the most part, these efforts have examined the first step in this sequence - error detection. In contrast, little is known about how operators explain and recover from errors. This is true especially for dynamic collaborative environments such as aviation. In this paper, we present findings from a survey and an incident report analysis that suggest the need for adapting the current model of error recovery. Specifically, we emphasize the importance of considering constraints imposed by specific domains in order to predict and explain the predominance and success of certain recovery strategies.

Moksha

Collaborative systems need to provide some means for users to be aware of peer activities. Common approaches involve broadcasting events generated as a result of a particular user's actions at the interface to others. Rather than flooding users with information about all activities occurring in the shared environment, filtration techniques allow each user to be exposed to relevant awareness information. Such techniques are often based on user configurable agents. Unfortunately, these so far do not support satisfactorily the improvisational nature of collaborative activities. This is because user configuration is effective mainly in cases where interactions can be anticipated and where configuration plans can be drawn. It is also difficult for a configurable agent to capture the diversity and the complex interrelationships between collaborative activities. In highly dynamic collaborative environments, the need to synchronise configurations with rapidly evolving needs imposes a heavy task load on participants. In Moksha, our prototypical multi-user desktop, this problem is addressed by extending the desktop metaphor and automating the filtration control process so that it becomes ubiquitous to the user. The cross-client linkage of the desktop interface elements, the use of multi-media and its browsing techniques are the main components underlying our strategy.

Java enabling collaborative education, health care, and computing

Web technologies – in particular linked Java servers and clients – allow new dynamic collaborative environments linking people and computers. We describe the architecture of a system, TANGOsim, that combines a Java collaborative environment with an executive providing general message filters, and an event-driven simulator. The initial application is to command and control, but we describe how this approach can also be used in other areas, such as health care, scientific visualization and (distance) education. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.