Dynamic Biosorption Research Articles

Potential removal of arsenite from contaminated water using a fixed bed column packed with TiO2-impregnated pomegranate peel powder

A dynamic biosorption of arsenite in a fixed bed column packed with TiO2 impregnated pomegranate peel (PP@TiO2) has been investigated in this work, which is important to identify the effectiveness and affordability of an adsorbent in actual practice. To create an active adsorption site for As (III) ions, pomegranate peel powder (PP) was impregnated with TiO2. Under various operating parameters, the performance of a column packed with PP@TiO2 for adsorbing As (III) ions was evaluated. Breakthrough curve modelling showed that the bed depth service time (BDST) and Thomas models agreed well with the experimental data. The maximum column capacity of PP@TiO2 using the Thomas model was found to have resembled experimental value with high values of coefficient of determination. Therefore from these results, we may anticipate that PP@TiO2 can be a strong contender for the treatment of wastewater that has traces amount of the As (III) ion in a fixed bed system.

Renewable Resource Biosorbents for Pollutant Removal from Aqueous Effluents in Column Mode

The present work deals with the continuous flow systems based on renewable resource biosorbents towards the green removal of various categories of chemical pollutants from aqueous media. The opening discussions are focused on: (a) renewable resources; (b) biosorbents based on renewable resources; (c) dynamic biosorption. After these, the renewable resources biosorbents are reviewed according to the parameters of breakthrough curves. Subsequently, the targeted biosorbents are systematized and analyzed according to the following criteria: (a) their ability to work as remediation agents for heavy metal ions and dyes, respectively; (b) their relevancy for continuous biosorption processes applied both to synthetic aqueous solutions and real wastewaters. The perspective directions of research for the implementation of biosorbents from renewable resources in practical column strategies for wastewater treatment are recommended.

Effective biosorption of As(V) from polluted water using Fe(III)-modified Pomelo (Citrus maxima) peel: A batch, column, and thermodynamic study

Pomelo, Citrus maxima, peel was chemically modified with lime water and then loaded with Fe(III) to develop anion exchange sites for effective sequestration of As(V) from water. Biosorbent characterizations were done by using FTIR, SEM, XRD, EDX, and Boehm's titration. The batch biosorption studies were carried out at various pHs using modified and non-modified biosorbents and optimum biosorption of As(V) occurred at acidic pH (3.0–5.0) for both the biosorbents. A kinetic study showed a fast biosorption rate and obtained results fitted well with the pseudo-second-order (PSO) model. When isotherm data were modeled using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, the Langmuir isotherm model fit the data better and produced maximal As(V) biosorption capacities of 0.72 ± 03, 0.86 ± 06, and 0.95 ± 05 mmol/g at temperatures 293± 1K, 298± 1K and 303± 1K, respectively. Desorptionof As(V) was effective using 0.1 M NaOH in batch mode. Negative values of ΔG° for all temperatures with positive ΔH° confirmed the spontaneous and endothermic nature of As(V) biosorption. The existence of co-existing chloride (Cl−), nitrate (NO3−), sodium (Na+), and calcium (Ca2+) showed insignificant interference whereas a high concentration of sulphate (SO42−) and phosphate (PO43−) significantly lowered As(V) biosorption percentage. Arsenic concentrations in actual arsenic polluted groundwater could be reduced to the WHO drinking water standard (10 μg/L) by using only 1 g/L of investigated Fe(III)-SPP. The dynamic biosorption of As(V) in a fixed bed system showed that Fe(III)-SPP was effective also in continuous mode and different design parameters for fixed bed system were determined using Thomas, Adams-Bohart, BDST, and Yoon-Nelson models. Therefore, from all of these results it is suggested that Fe(III)-SPP investigated in this study can be a potential, low cost and environmentally benign biosorbent material for an effective removal of trace amounts of arsenic from polluted water.

Removal of Cu Ions in Wastewater through a Combined Foam Separation‐Cell Adsorption Approach

AbstractThe removal of heavy metal pollutants from industrial wastewater is important to ensure the safety of the environment and humans. In this study, rhamnolipids from Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used to treat synthetic wastewater containing Cu ions (100 mg L−1) by foam separation. A high removal efficiency of 99.52 % was achieved when the somatic cells of inactivated P. aeruginosa were used as biosorbents. The analysis of the adsorption kinetics showed that dynamic biosorption followed the Langmuir isotherm model and that the bacterial cells had a strong adsorption effect on Cu ions. The novel technology based on the combination of foam separation and biosorption serves as an effective approach for the removal of Cu ions from industrial wastewater.

Competitive fixed-bed biosorption of Ag(I) and Cu(II) ions on Sargassum filipendula seaweed waste

The dynamic biosorption of multi-metal samples of copper and silver ions was studied in a fixed-bed column employing an alternative biosorbent derived from brown seaweed. Three sets of assays were performed to investigate (1) the effects of the inlet flow rate and (2) the feed composition of the samples and (3) the selective-ion desorption and regeneration of the bed. The greater biosorption capacities (0.642 and 0.387 mmol.g-1 for Cu2+ and Ag+) and removal rates (79.47 and 55.37%) were obtained in the lowest flow (0.5 mL.min-1). The higher residence time is believed to be associated with more favorable mass transfer rates. Silver breakthrough curves evidenced the overshoot effect, which demonstrated to be directly proportional to copper inlet concentration due to the higher affinity for Cu2+ cations. The statistical analysis revealed that the initial concentration of the competitive metal is directly proportional to the biosorption capacity and inversely proportional to the breakthrough time. The height of the mass transfer zone was not statistically influenced by the feed composition in this study. High recovery rates of copper (99.8%) and silver (90.7%) were achieved with Na2-EDTA and HNO3 in selective desorption operation, respectively. A second biosorption cycle exhibited a considerable loss in biosorption capacity up to a breakthrough point.

Kinetic study of the pyrolysis of pine cone shell through non-isothermal thermogravimetry: Effect of heavy metals incorporated by biosorption

The study concerns the pyrolysis kinetics of exhausted pine cone shell after its use as biosorbent of copper and lead from aqueous solutions in a fixed bed column. First, breakthrough curves of biosorption process were obtained. Main dynamic biosorption parameters were determined and analyzed. Then, non-isothermal thermogravimetric experiments were carried out with raw and metal-loaded biomass in a thermobalance under nitrogen atmosphere at different heating rates. A comparative study was performed. The activation energy dependent on the conversion rate was estimated by Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (a free integral or iso-conventional method) and a mechanistic model (an integral or model-fitting method that considers three independent parallel reactions). The fluctuation of activation energy in Flynn-Wall Ozawa model can be considered the result of thermal degradation reactions of different pseudo-components of the lignocellulosic material (hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin). For raw pine cone shell and metal-loaded-pine cone shell, best fit parameters were determined according to a three independent parallel reactions scheme. The copper and lead present in metal-loaded samples did not modify values of determined parameters which describe the pyrolysis process. Finally, chemical analysis of the chars indicated that about 95% and 99% of copper and lead presented on original waste was recovered in generated chars.

Bioaccumulation characterization of uranium by a novel Streptomyces sporoverrucosus dwc-3

The biosorption mechanisms of uranium on an aerobic bacterial strain Streptomyces sporoverrucosus dwc-3, isolated from a potential disposal site for (ultra-)low uraniferous radioactive waste in Southwest China, were evaluated by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and enhanced proton backscattering spectrometry (EPBS). Approximately 60% of total uranium at an initial concentration of 10mg/L uranium nitrate solution could be absorbed on 100mg S. sporoverrucosus dwc-3 with an adsorption capacity of more than 3.0mg/g (wet weight) after 12hr at room temperature at pH3.0. The dynamic biosorption process of S. sporoverrucosus dwc-3 for uranyl ions was well described by a pseudo second-order model. S. sporoverrucosus dwc-3 could accumulate uranium on cell walls and within the cell, as revealed by SEM and TEM analysis as well as EDX spectra. XPS and FT-IR analysis further suggested that the absorbed uranium was bound to amino, phosphate and carboxyl groups of the cells. Additionally, PIXE and EPBS results confirmed that ion exchange also contributed to the adsorption process of uranium.

Effect of Competing Cations (Pb, Cd, Zn, and Ca) in Fixed-Bed Column Biosorption and Desorption from Citrus Peels

Citrus peels were utilized for dynamic biosorption of Pb, Cd, and Zn from mono- and bi-component solutions in fixed-bed columns at feed concentrations of 0.1 meq/L. Uptake at breakthrough and saturation followed the order Zn < Cd < Pb in single-metal biosorption. An overshoot of the Zn or Cd effluent concentration was observed in Pb-Zn and Pb-Cd bimetal systems, where Pb displaced initially bound Zn and Cd. The desorption efficiency of the saturated column using 0.1 N nitric acid was 74 to 100 %, achieving a concentration factor (CF) of 34 to 129, based on the average desorbed metal concentration. The common practice of defining the concentration factor based on the peak concentration overestimates the CF value. Increasing Ca concentrations in Pb-Ca and Cd-Ca systems reduced target metal uptake, especially for Cd which had a lower affinity than Pb. Actual mining effluent was treated successfully. A sigmoid function was applied to describe experimental breakthrough data. A novel simple two-parameter model was introduced to simulate overshoot and desorption curves.

Binding sites and mechanisms of cadmium to the dried sewage sludge biomass

The Cd biosorption on the dried sewage sludge biomass were experimentally evaluated and mathematically modeled at different pH values. The potentiometric titration of the biomass was well fitted by the four-site model, which consists of three-negative and one-positive sites. The main functional groups were identified through the FTIR study. The pH edge study showed that both the carboxyl and phosphonate groups played an important role in the binding of Cd. From the dynamic biosorption experiments, the H+/Cd2+ exchange ratios at pH 4, 5 and 6 were estimated; thereby the binding mechanisms were established to be complexation with carboxyl and phosphonate groups. Finally, biosorption model was developed based upon the binding mechanism, which was successfully applied for predicting the isotherms and pH edges. Using the developed model equation, the contribution of each functional group on Cd binding could be predicted and visualized.

Evaluation of biosorption of copper ions onto pinion shell

Biosorption of Cu(II) by pinion shell (PS) was investigated in batch and packed-bed systems. The biosorbent was characterized by elemental analysis, potentiometric titrations, surface area and pore size distribution, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses. Potentiometric titrations and FTIR spectroscopy indicated the presence of functional groups in the PS, some of which were involved in the sorption process. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out as a function of solution pH, particle size, biosorbent dosage, contact time, and initial metal ion concentration. The rate of the biosorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics, while the sorption equilibrium data well fitted to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The maximum monolayer Cu(II) biosorption capacity was 4.29 mg/g at 25°C. Finally, the dynamic biosorption studies were carried out using a packed-bed column and the main column parameters were determined. The present study suggests that the PS can be used as a potential, alternative, low-cost biosorbent for the removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous media.

Dynamic biosorption characteristics and mechanisms of dried activated sludge and Spirulina platensis for the removal of Cu2+ ions from aqueous solutions

During biosorption, removal is ensured by several mechanisms that occurred between living or nonliving microorganisms and transporting metal ions. In this study, the kinetics, equilibrium, and thermodynamics of the biosorption of Cu2+ onto dried activated sludge and Spirulina platensis from aqueous solution were investigated at different experimental conditions. The biosorption characteristics were investigated with respect to some of the significant parameters including the effect of pH, biosorbent dosage, and temperature. The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin equilibrium adsorption models were studied. Results showed that Langmuir isotherm model fitted well the experimental data followed by the other isotherm models used. In order to determine the mechanism of the biosorption, kinetic models were applied. The results of the kinetic studies indicated that the biosorption processes fitted the pseudo-second-order model. The thermodynamic parameters were also calculated, and the values indicated that the biosorption process was spontaneous, exothermic, and more ordered in nature.

Copper biosorption by pine cone shell and thermal decomposition study of the exhausted biosorbent

Pine cone shell (PCS), a vegetable solid waste has been used as effective and efficient biosorbent for the removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solutions. The biosorbent was characterized by elemental analysis, potentiometric titrations, surface area and pore size distribution and FTIR analyses. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out as a function of solution pH, particle size, biosorbent dosage, contact time, and initial metal ion concentration. Then, equilibrium isotherms and kinetic data parameters were evaluated. Equilibrium data agreed well with Langmuir isotherm model. The biosorption capacities of PCS for Cu(II) were determined at 25°C with the Langmuir model as 6.81mg/g. The kinetics data fitted well into the pseudo-second-order model with correlation coefficient greater than 0.99. Also, dynamic biosorption studies were carried out using a packed-bed column and the main column parameters were determined. Pine cone shell was shown to be a promising biosorbent for Cu(II) removal from aqueous solutions. Finally, the pyrolysis characteristics of native PCS and Cu-loaded PCS were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in order to study the possible recycling of PCS after its use as biosorbent of copper.

Batch and dynamic biosorption of basic dyes from binary solutions by alkaline-treated cypress cone chips

A simple alkaline pre-treatment of Cupressus sempervirens cone chips was performed to improve their biosorption capacity towards methylene blue and rhodamine B from aqueous solutions, in batch and continuous modes. Biosorption kinetics were determined from single and binary dyes solutions, and properly described by the pseudo-second-order rate model. Experimental single-dye equilibrium isotherms fitted the Langmuir–Freundlich model, with maximum biosorption capacities of 0.68 mmol/g for methylene blue and 0.50 mmol/g for rhodamine B. Single-dye dynamic biosorption showed that breakthrough time for methylene blue biosorption was almost four times longer than for rhodamine B and that the alkaline modification of the chips greatly improved the biosorption performance. Competitive dynamic biosorption demonstrated the preference of the modified cone chips for biosorbing methylene blue, confirmed by the exit concentration overshoots obtained in the breakthrough curves of rhodamine B.

Copper and nickel competitive biosorption simulation from single and binary systems by Sargassum filipendula

The study focuses on the simulation of dynamic biosorption in single and binary systems containing Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions using Sargassum filipendula (a marine algae). The Langmuir equilibrium models for single and binary systems were used to represent the equilibrium between solid and liquid phases. A mathematical model was used to describe the biosorption in fixed-bed columns. This model considers that the mass transfer in the biosorbent is the controlling step, which is described by the LDF (Linear Driving Force) concept. The mathematical model adequately fitted the breakthrough curves for both monocomponent and binary systems. The higher affinity of marine algae biomass for Cu(II) (over Ni(II)) was confirmed by the presence of an overshoot on Ni(II) breakthrough curves. The output detected in the experimental breakthrough curves was also predicted by the mathematical model.

Evaluation and comparison of the biosorption process of copper ions onto olive stone and pine bark

Olive stone (OS) and pine bark (PB) were used as effective biosorbents for the removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solutions. The biosorbents were characterized by elemental analysis, potentiometric titrations, surface area and pore size distribution and FTIR analyses. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out as a function of pH, particle size, biosorbent dosage, contact time and initial copper concentration. Equilibrium data agreed well with Langmuir isotherm. The kinetics data fitted well into the pseudo-second-order model with correlation coefficient greater than 0.99. Finally, dynamic biosorption studies were carried out using a packed bed column and the main column parameters were determined.

Equilibrium of Cu(II) and Ni(II) biosorption by marine alga Sargassumfilipendula in a dynamic system: Competitiveness and selectivity

The study focuses on the equilibrium of dynamic biosorption in single and binary systems containing Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions using Sargassum filipendula (a marine alga). The experiments were performed in fixed-bed columns with both single-component and bi-component metal solutions (using different molar concentrations). Experimental data were fitted with different equilibrium models such as Langmuir, Langmuir with inhibition, Jain and Snowyink and Langmuir–Freundlich equations. The biosorption of pure metal ions in solution presented adequate capacities both for Cu(II) and Ni(II). In binary solutions the preferential sorption of Cu(II) over Ni(II) was demonstrated by the displacement of Ni(II) (marked overshoot on the breakthrough curves).

Biosorption of nickel(II) ions by using chemically pre-treated Sargassum filipendula biomass in a fixed bed column

The application of fixed bed adsorption is an important separation technique used for heavy metals in environmental pollution control. To design a fixed bed column, it is necessary to find dynamics data in the breakthrough curve form. The objective of this study was to model the biosorption process of nickel by using biomass of Sargassum filipendula in a fixed bed column. Experimental data were generated at 30°C, pH 3, flow rate of 6 ml/min and feed concentrations of 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 5 and 6 mequiv/l. Langmuir isotherm was used to represent the equilibrium data in the column (qmax = 2.496 mequiv/g, b = 0.456 l/mequiv) and in a batch operation of the system (qmax = 1.577 mequiv/g, b = 0.269 l/mequiv). These Langmuir parameters were used to simulate the continuous adsorption process of nickel. The partial differential equations model has taken into consideration the mass transfer resistance in the biosorbent as the key controlling phenomenon, which adequately represented the dynamic biosorption process of nickel.

Dynamic biosorption of Zn(II) and Cu(II) using pretreated Rosa gruss an teplitz (red rose) distillation sludge

Abstract This work presented conditions for Cu(II) and Zn(II) removal using native, physically and chemically pretreated Rosa gruss an teplitz (red rose) distillation sludge. Cu(II) and Zn(II) sorption was found dependent on solution pH, biosorbent dose, biosorbent particle size, shaking speed, temperature, initial concentration of metal ions being sorbed and contact time. Physical and chemical pretreatments of biomass resulted in an increase or decrease in metals uptake capacity. The effect of different pretreatments is discussed in detail. Highest Cu(II) and Zn(II) biosorption capacities were observed for PEI + gluteraldehyde (68.64 mg/g) and NaOH (43.4 mg/g) pretreated biomass, respectively. The native biomass showed Cu(II) biosorption capacity that was adequately described by Freundlich isotherm, whereas Zn(II) biosorption phenomenon was described by Langmuir isotherm. The suitability of a pseudo-first-order chemical reaction for sorption of Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions onto this biomass was apparent as this kinetic model described adequately the largest part of the process.