Dyera Costulata Research Articles

FINANCIAL FEASIBILITY OF THE DAYAK NGAJU LUCK SALES BUSINESS (BUSINESS STUDY OF KACAPI TINGANG NGANDERANG IN PALANGKA RAYA CITY)

Central Kalimantan has various local cultures, especially Dayak arts in the form of Karungut, Sansana and Badeder. This art is generally accompanied by traditional musical instruments of the Dayak Ngaju tribe, namely the child lute (3 strings) and the main lute (2 strings), these musical instruments are made of jelutung wood (Dyera costulata). This artis generally played in collaboration between children's harps, main harps and various other Dayak traditional musical instruments. In line with the times, art and the existence of traditional musical instruments are increasingly being left out or left behind because modern musical instruments are considered apable of accompanying regional arts and modern musical instruments are considered more practical, and asier to play. One of the efforts made to be able to maintain the existence of the traditional lute musical instrument is by increasing enthusiasts and users of the lute musical instrument so that it is more often seen and known by the public. From this program, Kacapi Tingang Nganderang became a solution by running several sales, production, promotion and marketing programs for Dayak Ngaju lute musical instruments within the local community, especially in the City of Palangka Raya. In the business of selling lute by Kacapi Tingang ganderang, Financial Feasibility Study was carried out in order to determine whether or not a business selling the Dayak Ngaju lute was feasible. The Financial Feasibility Study was conducted at a location located at Jalan Tingang XV, Palangka Village, Jekan Raya District, Palangka Raya City, by collecting primary data and secondary data. Primary data is data obtained directly from business owners by means of observation or interviews, and secondary data is data obtained from other agencies related to research. Analysis of the data used in this study is "Financial Feasibility Analysis" in the form of analysis of NPV, BCR, IRR, and BEP with a MARR rate of 28.36%, which is obtained from a business opportunity rate of 8%, a business risk factor of 2%, bank loan interest regions 13% and the July 2021 inflation rate against July 2022 is 4.94%. These data are processed in the form of cash flows of 80 options which are divided into 2 groups, namely raw material price options that have remained unchanged for 5 years and raw material price options thathave increased based on an inflation rate of 4.94% and from the research conducted a conclusion is drawn. which states the results of a study. From this study, the results obtained stated that the business of selling the Dayak Ngaju lute by Kacapi Tingang Nganderang was declared financially infeasible with a percentage of 96% Unfeasible and 4% Eligible.

Synthesis of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) from delignified Dyera Costulata

Synthesis of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) from delignified Dyera Costulata

Evaluation of antitrypanosomal properties and apoptotic effects of ochrolifuanine from Dyera costulata (Miq.) Hook.f against Trypanosoma brucei brucei.

Trypanosoma brucei parasites are flagellated kinetoplastid protozoan which is responsible for Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT). Current chemotherapy drugs have a number of side effects and drug resistance has emerged as a major issue in current treatment. Active bisindole alkaloid compound ochrolifuanine was previously isolated from the leaves of Dyera costulata. In vitro antitrypanosomal activity of ochrolifuanine against Trypanosoma brucei brucei strain BS221 showed strong activity with an IC50 value of 0.05 ± 0.01 µg/ml. We compared the effect of ochrolifuanine and reference compound staurosporine in T. b. brucei apoptosis. The apoptosis-inducing activity of ochrolifuanine was evaluated using TUNEL assay and cell cycle analysis. Trypanosoma brucei brucei was shown to undergo apoptotic cells death as demonstrated by the appearance of several conical hallmarks of apoptosis. Ochrolifuanine was found to induce apoptosis in parasites in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The cell cycle study revealed 0.025 and 0.05 µg/ml of ochrolifuanine arrested the growth of T. b. brucei at two different growth phases (G0/G1 and in S phases). While at concentration 0.10 µg/ml arrested at the G2/M phase. In conclusion, the results indicate that ochrolifuanine displayed an antitrypanosomal effect on T. b. brucei by inducing apoptosis cell death and causing the arrest of parasite cells at different growth phases. The results suggested that ochrolifuanine may be a promising lead compound for the development of new chemotherapies for African trypanosomiasis.

Diseases Severity, Genetic Variation, and Pathogenicity of Ceratocystis Wilt on Lansium domesticum in South Sumatra, Indonesia.

Ceratocystis wilt disease has caused significant mortality in duku (Lansium domesticum) since 2014 and has now spread to all districts in South Sumatra, Indonesia. Recently, 16 isolates from duku representing populations from various districts in South Sumatra were isolated. Analysis for the morphological characteristic of the isolate showed that the population has a uniform morphology. Genetic analysis based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and β-tubulin sequences verified that the population has being dominated by the ITS5 haplotype of Ceratocystis fimbriata and a new ITS group, the ITS7b haplotype that was localized in Musi Banyuasin. Both haplotypes were highly pathogenic to duku. Inoculation tests on various forest and agroforestry plant hosts showed that both haplotypes were highly pathogenic to Acacia mangium, moderately pathogenic to Acacia carsicarpa, Eucalyptus urophylla, and Melaleuca cajuputi, but weakly pathogenic to Dyera costulata, Hevea brasiliensis, and Alstonia scholaris. Therefore, this pathogen becomes a serious threat to Indonesia’s biodiversity due to its ability to infect forest and agroforestry plants, especially the indigenous ones.

Dyera costulata (jelutong)

Dyera costulata (jelutong)

KONTRIBUSI HASIL HUTAN BUKAN KAYU TERHADAP PENDAPATAN MASYARAKAT SEKITAR HUTAN LARANGAN ADAT GHIMBO POTAI KECAMATAN KAMPAR KABUPATEN KAMPAR PROVINSI RIAU

Ghimbo Potai Banned Indigenous Forest is a prohibited forest that has a variety of wood species and non-timber forest products used by communities around the forest, along with the times, the use of non-timber forest products began to decline. The purpose of this study was to determine the types of non-timber forest products that are used by the community in Ghimbo Potai Banned Indigenous Forest and to determine the contribution of non-timber forest products to the community income around Ghimbo Potai Banned Indigenous Forest . This research was conducted with a qualitative descriptive method. The number of respondents was 170 respondents from Koto Tibun Village and Pulau Tinggi Village. The result show that Ghimbo Potai Banned Indigenous Forest still has non-timber forest products that can still be used such as chempedak (Artocarpus integer), petai (Parkia speciosa), long jack (Eurycomma longifolia), rattan (Calamus rotang), rambutan (Nephellium sp.), langsat (Lansium domesticum Corr), tampoi (Beccauera sp.), tempunik (Artocarpus rigidus), durian (Durio zibethinus), jelutong (Dyera costulata), terap (Artocarpus sp.), pulasan (Nephelium mutabile), dogfruit (Archidendron pauciflorum) and the eyebrowed thrush (Turdus obscurus). The contribution of non-timber forest products in Koto Tibun Village was Rp. 596,400,000.00 per year, so the percentage of non-timber forest product revenue to total income was 19.56% and Pulau Tinggi Village no longer takes or utilizes existing non-timber forest products in Ghimbo Potai Banned Indigenous Forest .

The pore structure and sound absorption capabilities of Homalium (Homalium foetidum) and Jelutong (Dyera costulata)

The pore structure and sound absorption capabilities of Homalium (Homalium foetidum) and Jelutong (Dyera costulata)

Chemical characterization of pyrolysis liquids from Dyera costulata and evaluation of their bio-efficiency against subterranean termites, Coptotermes curvignathus

Chemical characterization of pyrolysis liquids from Dyera costulata and evaluation of their bio-efficiency against subterranean termites, Coptotermes curvignathus

IDENTIFICATION OF MEDICINE PLANTS IN THE SRIWIJAYA BOTANICAL GARDEN, BAKUNG VILLAGE, INDRALAYA UTARA DISTRICT, OGAN ILIR REGENCY, SOUTH SUMATRA PROVINCE

This study aims to determine and identify the composition and type of structure medicinal plants in the Sriwijaya botanical garden through analysis of medicinal plant vegetation by using a species diversity index. The research method used was a survey with a sampling technique used was a sampling method or intentionally from the area of the Sriwijaya Botanical Garden conservation area. Using the formula for sampling intensity [IS] of 2% and a total area of 100 Ha, the number of sample plots obtained is 50. This study identified 43 families and 76 species of medicinal plants. The highest importance index (INP) of the lower plants in the lower plantswas Senduduk (Melastoma malabathricum) a value 29,797%, while the lowest INP is Cataract (Laurentia longifora), Curry Leaf (Murraya koenigii), Kumis Kucing (Orthosiphon aristatus) a 0,724%. While in INP, the highest mastery of medicinal plants at sapling level is Jelutung (Dyera costulata) a value 40.741%, while the lowest INP a butterfly (Bauhinia porpurea) with 4.204%. The diversity indexes of medicinal plants at the understorey and sapling levels were found to be 2.00 and 1.03, in both, indicating that understorey and sapling diversity was moderate and the community state was very stable. While the diversity index of medicinal plants at the seedling level was 0.94, indicating that medicinal plant diversity at the seedling stage is poor and the community state is quite poor.

Agroforestry farming system as peatland restoration efforts in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

Peatland degradation is caused by various factors, such as excessive drainage and frequent fires. The Government of Indonesia established the Peatland Restoration Agency in 2016 to accelerate peatland restoration and peat’s hydrological function. This study analyses agroforestry in priority areas for peat restoration. The results showed that farmers applied agroforestry cultivated land by combining jelutong (Dyera costulata) with many types of commercial plants at a spacing of 3 m × 6 m. Growth of Jelutong showed good performance with an average growth of 1.42 ± 0.49 cm yr−1 diameter and a height of 91.33 ± 36.77 cm yr−1. The crops cultivated with jelutong included luffa (Luffa acutangula), bitter gourd (Momordica charantia), leek (Allium ampeloprasum), and chilli (Capsicum annuum). The average income per planting period ranging from IDR 850,000 up to IDR 19,250,000 for a 1000 m2 planting area. The best income and cost ratio (R/C) is bitter gourd farming with a value of 7, eggplant, luffa, and waxy corn with a value of 3, while the smallest is leek with a value of 2. Some farmers can develop their agriculture in the form of planting areas or agricultural varieties. The formation of agricultural capital has now begun with monthly contribution obligations at regular monthly meetings.

A Smartphone-Based of Wood Identification Using Image Feature Extraction

Each wood species has their special characteristics which can be differentiated based on their anatomical structures through wood identification. One of the methods is by detecting macroscopic wood image using computer vision. This method is more rapid and accurate to identify wood species compared to the conventional method. In previous work, we have developed a computer vision technique for wood identification by combining Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). As smartphone usage increasing worldwide, capturing wood structures using this smart device is very easy to do and can replace the use of digital microscopes. This paper propose a technique for extraction the wood species on smartphone using HOG method as well as the classification method using SVM on android smartphone. SVM was used to classify the extracted wood textures from the HOG features. In our experiments, wood images of 7 wood species were used i.e Mimusops_-elengi, Melanorrhoea wallichii, Acer niveum, Cratoxylon formosum, Agathis endertii, Dyera costulata and Knema glauca. Each species has a total of 100 training images and 100 testing images. The highest accuracy is obtained by Melanorrhoea wallichii and Agathis endertii species with 84.00% score. The Agathis endertii species has the highest sensitivity and the value reaches 86%. Moreover, the Melanorrhoea wallichii species has a highest score for specificity and precision

Preliminary assessment on above ground carbon stock of agroforestry and monoculture crop systems in peatlands

Peatlands can be used for crop cultivation with various combination patterns both agroforestry and monoculture systems. Utilization of these lands not only produces high economic value products, but also contributes in providing environmental services, including carbon sequestration. This study aims to measure aboveground carbon stock of agroforestry and agricultural monoculture systems in Rasau Jaya, Kubu Raya Regency, West Kalimantan Province. The agroforestry system observed is divided based on the level of peat depth, which are 0-2 m and 3-4 m. The pattern of agroforestry at a depth of 0-2 m is a combination of timber and non timber tree species and agricultural crops, while the pattern of agroforestry at a depth of 3-4 m is a combination of timber and non-timber tree species and plantation crops. Timber tree species are Pulai (Alstonia pneumatohara) and Gerunggang (Cratoxylon arborescens Bl); the non-timber tree species is jelutung (Dyera costulata); and plantation crop species are Jengkol (Archidendron pauciflorum) and Pinang (Areca catechu); and the agricultural crops are peanuts, cayenne pepper, tomatoes, bitter melon and eggplant. Observations were also conductedon the agricultural monoculture pattern, including the eggplant, chili, bitter melon and tomato. The components of measured carbon stocks are plant biomass (trees and lower plants), wooden necromasses, non-woody necromasses, and wild plant biomass. The measurement results show a shallow peat agroforestry system (0-2 m) with a combination of one year old trees and agricultural crops contributing to carbon stock of 0.8 tons/ha. Deep peat agroforestry systems (3-4m) with a combination of timber trees, non-timber trees and plantation crops contribute to carbon stocks of 3 tons/ha. While the monoculture system of agricultural crops produce an average carbon stock of 1.1 tons/ha. Contribution of tree component in the agroforestry system are still relatively small, which is 2.6% of total carbon stock. However, it is estimated that the carbon stocks will continue to increase with increasing age.

Analisis Keragaman Genetik Dyera costulata (Miq) Hook.f. Berdasarkan Marka “Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA”

Dyera costulata (Miq.) Hook.f (Apocynaceae) is a large tree of the lowland tropical rain forest of Southeast Asia that occurs in Thailand, the Malay Peninsula and on the islands of Sumatera and Borneo. Its economic value was in its latex, used as gum chile in the manifacture of chewing gum. Nowadays the timber of this species is largely utilized for the manufacture of pencils and picture frames. The information on genetic diversity of the species is very limited. Hence studies were initiated and genetic diversity were estimated using Random Amplified Polymorphic (RAPD) markers in 47 accessions of Dyera costulata procured from different geographical regions of Jambi. Four selected Operon primers (10 mer) generated a total of 90 consistent amplification products ranging from 150 bp to 2.8 Kb. The cluster analysis showed that the 47 individuals were separated into one main cluster and one individual. The range of genetic dissimilarity value among samples was from 0.06 to 0.71, while genetic distance among populations was from 0.17 to 0.42. These values showed that those 47 accessions of D. costulata from Jambi was genetically originated from diverse population.

A new automated stem CO2 efflux chamber based on industrial ultra-low-cost sensors.

Tree autotrophic respiratory processes, especially stem respiration or stem CO2 efflux (Estem), are important components of the forest carbon budget. Despite efforts to investigate the controlling processes of Estem in recent years, a considerable lack in our knowledge remains on the abiotic and biotic drivers affecting Estem dynamics. It has been strongly advocated that long-term measurements would shed light onto those processes. The expensive scientific instruments needed to measure gas exchange have prevented Estem measurements from being applied on a larger temporal and spatial scale. Here, we present an automated closed dynamic chamber system based on inexpensive and industrially broadly applied CO2 sensors, reducing the costs for the sensing system to a minimum. The CO2 sensor was cross-calibrated with a commonly used gas exchange system in the laboratory and in the field, and we found very good accordance of these sensors. We tested the system under harsh tropical climatic conditions, characterized by heavy tropical rainfall events, extreme humidity and temperatures, in a moist lowland forest in Malaysia. We recorded Estem of three Dyera costulata (Miq.) trees with our prototype over various days. The variation of Estem was large among the three tree individuals and varied by 7.5-fold. However, clear diurnal changes in Estem were present in all three tree individuals. One tree showed high diurnal variation in Estem, and the relationship between Estem and temperature was characterized by a strong hysteresis. The large variations found within one single tree species highlight the importance of continuous measurement to quantify ecosystem carbon fluxes.

PERBANDINGAN HASIL GETAH ANTARA JELUTUNG KAPUR (Dyera lowii Hook.F) DAN JELUTUNG SANAMAN (Dyera costulata) DI HUTAN RAWA GAMBUT KALAMPANGAN (Comparison the Latex Yields Between Jelutung Kapur (Dyera lowii Hook.F) and Jelutung Sanaman (Dyera costulata)

ABSTRACT Jelutung kapur (Dyera lowii Hock) and jelutung sanaman (Dyera costulata) are species that grow well at the peat swamp forest in Canal of Taruna, Kalampangan, Palangka Raya City. Aim of this research was to compare the latex yield between jelutung kapur (Dyera lowii Hock) and jelutung sanaman (Dyera costulata) at the peat swamp forest in Kalampangan. The research was done using factorial design with two factors, i.e. peat thickness (4 m and 5 m) and diameter class of the trees. Variables of the research were diameter (dbh) and height of 24 jelutung kapur and 18 jelutung sanaman. Data were collected each month as long as 11 months with considering the weather condition, i.e. precipitation and temperature. Research result show that there is irreversibility between precipitation vs temperature to latex yield. The more of precipitation so the higher of temperature that cause the reduction of latex yield. According BNT test, the highest latex yield is gotten from jelutung kapur with diameter class of >24 cm that grow at the site with the thickness of 4 m, meanwhile the lowest latex yield is gotten from jelutung sanaman with diameter class of < 24 cm that grow at the site with the thickness of 5 m. Average latex yield of jelutung kapur is 363,63 ml/extract/tree/month.
 Keywords: Diameter class, latex yield, peat thickness, precipitation, temperature.

Germination responses of Dyera costulata seeds following cryopreservation

Germination responses of Dyera costulata seeds following cryopreservation

Potential and management strategy of floral biodiversity in the coastal areas in East Kalimantan, Indonesia

Rujehan, Matius P. 2018. Potential and management strategy of floral biodiversity in the coastal areas in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1130-1137. Some issues such as land clearing and mining activities often arise in the coastal areas of Bukit Soeharto Forest Park, East Kalimantan, Indonesia that serves as a water catchment area. The latest land cover in this area was dominated by bush or shrub and forest cover was reduced. This research was conducted in Tanah Merah Coast and around Samboja Reservoir in the coastal area of Bukit Soeharto Forest. The purposes of this study were to determine the potential diversity of flora in the two regions and to develop management strategies in order to maintain or even to improve the diversity of flora. The method used in this research was a survey using vegetation analysis and SWOT analysis. The results showed that the species of saplings and trees dominating the forest area of Tanah Merah Coast was Nauclea orientalis, while Cratoxylum arborescens was the most prominent species of seedlings. On the other side, the forest around Samboja Reservoir was dominated by Campnosperma auriculata for trees or adult communities, Ficus retusa for saplings and Dyera costulata for seedlings. Both species diversity (H') and evenness index (E) of these areas were categorized as medium. Management strategies needed to maintain and improve the diversity and evenness of existed flora consist of S-O strategy that aims to improve the ecological functions of the area that can provide economic benefits, S-T strategy proposes cooperation with local communities to develop alternative economic activities, W-O strategy utilize the funding opportunities from donor agencies for forest management and W-T strategy includes efforts to improve human resources through training in collaboration with donor agencies.

Deformation of wood in compression during moisture movement

This work presents the phenomenon of mechano-sorptive strain in the deformation of wood during moisture content (MC) changes. A series of experiments were designed to demonstrate the greatly enhanced deformation due to the mechano- sorptive effect. The purpose of this work is to show the magnitude of mechano-sorptive creep compared to the ordinary viscoelastic creep with applied compressive load. In order to do this, the moisture movement with MC change, moisture movement without MC change and conditions without moisture movement were induced. The unique patterns of strains of various conditions induced in the experiments were observed. The characteristics shown in results were evaluated logically and compared to existing theories to confirm their validity. With the presence of mechano-sorptive, the maximumstrains of Jelutong (dyera costulata) wood specimens loaded at 200N is 0.433x10-3. The severest deformation is caused by the increasing MC in the wood specimen, attributed to the mechano-sorptive (MS) effect.

DEFORMATION OF WOOD IN COMPRESSION DURING MOISTURE MOVEMENT

This work presents the phenomenon of mechano-sorptive strain in the deformation of wood during moisture content (MC) changes. A series of experiments were designed to demonstrate the greatly enhanced deformation due to the mechano-sorptive effect. The purpose of this work is to show the magnitude of mechano-sorptive creep compared to the ordinary viscoelastic creep with applied compressive load. In order to do this, several conditions were induced. They were the moisture movement with MC change, moisture movement without MC change and conditions without moisture movement. Several apparatus were assembled to produce the desired conditions. Special care is taken to make sure that the compressive load is relatively small and is within elastic limit. This work observed the unique patterns of strains of various conditions that were induced in the experiments. The characteristics shown in the results were evaluated logically and compared to existing theories to confirm their validity. The results have shown that with the presence of mechano-sorptive, the maximum strains of Jelutong (dyera costulata) wood specimens loaded at 200N is 0.433x10 -3 . The results showed that the severest deformation is caused by the increasing MC in the wood specimen, attributed to the mechanosorptive (MS) effect.

D EFORMATION OF WOOD IN C OMPRESSION DURING MOISTURE M OVEMENT

This work presents the phenomenon of mechano-sorptive strain in the deformation of wood during moisture content(MC)changes. A series of experiments were designed to demonstrate the greatly enhanced deformation due to the mechano-sorptive effect. The purpose of this work is to show the magnitude of mechano-sorptive creep compared to the ordinary viscoelastic creep with applied compressive load. In order to do this, the moisture movement with MC change, moisture movement without MC change and conditions without moisture movement were induced. The unique patterns of strains of various conditions induced in the experiments were observed. The characteristics shown in results were evaluated logically and compared to existing theories to confirm their validity. With the presence of mechano-sorptive, the maximum strains of Jelutong (dyera costulata)wood specimens loaded at 200N is 0.433x10-3. The severest deformation is caused by the increasing MC in the wood specimen, attributed to the mechano-sorptive(MS) effect.