Dyed Silk Fabrics Research Articles

Dyeing Properties and Analysis by Rp-Hplc-Dad of Silk Fabrics Dyed with Madder (Rubia tinctorum L.)

Madder (Rubia tinctorum L.) has been used for dyeing textiles since the Stone Age. Common madder produces pigments in its roots, such as alizarin, pseudopurpurin, purpurin, munjistin, rubiadin, xanthopurpurin, purpuroxanthin, lucidin, chinizarin, christofin, and antrhagallol. Madder gives a unique red colour to textiles. The aim of this study is to understand the effect of different mordant concentration on silk dyeing by using madder extract. Degummed and bleached, woven silk fabric was used. Alum [KAl(SO4)2.12H2O] was used as mordant. All reagents were analytical grade. Silk fabrics were scoured by soap (35% w/w) at 90°C for 1.5 hours. Liquor ratio was 100:1. Dyeing was performed at 65°C, 100% owf, for 2 hours. Mordanting procedure was achieved at different mordant ratio, for 2 hours, at 65°C. All color measurements were performed using Minolta 3600D spectrophotometer (D65 illuminant, specular included, 10° observer angle). Colour fastness to washing, light, perspiration and rubbing was performed according to ISO 105 C06, ISO 105 B02, ISO 105 E04 and ISO 105 X12 respectively. Each dyed silk fabrics were analysed RP-HPLC-DAD. Semi-quantities of colouring compounds were determined in the dyed silk fabrics, depending on the amounts of mordant metal.

Dyeing of Silk Fabric with Eco-Friendly Natural Dyes Obtained from Spathodea campanulata and Cordia sebestena: A Comparison

Dyeing of Silk Fabric with Eco-Friendly Natural Dyes Obtained from Spathodea campanulata and Cordia sebestena: A Comparison

Synthesis, Characterization and Dyeing Behaviour of Heterocyclic Acid and Mordent Dyes on Wool and Silk Fabrics

Novel heterocyclic acid and mordant acid dyes were synthesised by the coupling of a diazonium salt solution of different aromatic amines with 2-butyl-3-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)benzofuran. The resulting heterocyclic acid dyes were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR spectral studies and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The dyeing performances of all the hetero- cyclic acid dyes were evaluated on wool and silk fabrics. The dyeing of chrome pre-treated wool and silk fabrics showed better hues on mordanted fabrics. The dyeing of wool and silk fabrics resulted in pinkish blue to red shades with very good depth and levelness. The dyed fabrics showed excellent to very good light, washing, perspiration, sublimation and rubbing fastness.

Dyeing and Functional Finishing of Silk, Nylon 6 and Polyester Fabrics with Baicalin

Natural dye baicalin was applied to dye silk, nylon 6 and polyester fabrics. The dosages of baicalin on K/S value and UV protection properties of silk, nylon 6 and polyester fabrics were analyzed. The washing number on K/S value and UV protection properties of dyed fabrics also investigated. It was found that, the K/S value and UV protection properties of dyed fabrics increased with the increasing of dosage of baicalin. The K/S value and UV protection properties of dyed fabrics decreased with the increasing of washing number, but after 50 times of washing the dyeings also have good UV protection properties.

Extraction of natural dyes from Alpinia blepharocalyx K. Schum. for dyeing of silk fabric

Natural dyes were extracted from the leaves and stems of Alpinia blepharocalyx K. Schum. Analysis of the designed experiment revealed that extraction at a plant/water ratio of 1:20 could reach an optimal production of natural dyes when extraction was performed at 80 °C, for 4 h, under 20 min ultrasound, in the presence of 10 g/l sodium hydroxide, and with two extractions. The extracted natural dyes were applied to the dyeing of silk fabrics using different methods, including or excluding a mordant. It was found that mordants had a significant effect on the colour of dyed silk fabrics. The silk fabric dyed with the pre‐mordant method using potassium aluminium sulphate as a mordant showed a bright yellow with a higher colour strength. The optimal dyeing conditions were reached when the extracted natural dyes were pre‐mordanted with 10 g/l potassium aluminium sulphate at pH 6, and for a 20 min dyeing time.

군소 추출색소를 이용한 견직물의 염색성에 관한 연구

This study intends to identify applicability of natural dye extracted from Aplysia kurodai, aiming to standardization of Aplysia kurodai natural dyeing through scientific validation by analyzing characteristics of pigment elements to review dyeability, colorfastness and antibacterial activity. Such material as silk fabrics that is animal fiber were used for this purpose, and derived following summarized results. UV/VIS spectrum analysis on the pigment of Aplysia kurodai that was extracted from purple gland showed that maximum absorbtion was near 540 nm. The silk fabric optimal dyeing can be achieved at a temperature of <TEX>$55^{\circ}C$</TEX> with a colorant concentration of 5%. Dyed at <TEX>$55^{\circ}C$</TEX> with interval of 10~90 minutes for identifying dye uptake over time to observed slow increase of dye uptake over time, and equilibrium occurred at 50 minutes. For dye uptake according to pH, while dye uptake was superior in acidity, it decreased rapidly in a base after pH 7. For color changes according to pH variation, it was reddish purple in acidity and was purplish red in a base. For color changes according to mordanting method, more clear color change had been obtained when process with aluminium pre-mordanting than non-mordanting and post-mordanting. The colorfastness to light, perspiration and washing was 1, 4~5, and 3~4 ratings respectively. The silk fabric dyed with Aplysia kurodai demonstrated excellent antimicrobial activity to Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The Aplysia kurodai can be used as a new colorant for the natural dyeing of silk.

Dyeing of silk fabric with phenazine from Pseudomonas species

Phenazines, namely oxychlororaphin and pyorubin, were extracted from Pseudomonas sp., purified and their dyeing potential as colorants for silk dyeing were examined. The effects of the process variables, such as phenazine concentration, pH, temperature, time, type of mordant, relative colour strength and fastness properties have been studied. The results showed that the optimum condition for dyeing was 90 °C at pH 3 and dyeing time 90 min for oxychlororaphin, and 70 °C at pH 3 and dyeing time 60 min for pyorubin. The K/S value of a pre‐mordanted silk fabric with oxychlororaphin was high when compared to that with the pyorubin. The antimicrobial activity of a dyed silk fabric was tested against Salomonella paratyphi, Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri.

황금을 이용한 견직물의 자연염색

The natural dyeing of silk fabric with Scutellaria baicalensis extract was investigated. The proper colorant concentration, dyeing temperature, dyeing time, and pH for the dyeing of silk fabric with Scutellaria baicalensis extract were 90% v/v, <TEX>$90^{\circ}C$</TEX>, 60 minutes and pH 3, respectively. In various mordanted methods, the K/S values of mordanted methods were higher than those of unmordanted methods. Light colorfastness and washing colorfastness of Fe mordanted silk fabric was improved by mordanting. The antibacterial properties of dyed and mordanted silk fabric showed a high reduction rate, and Scutellaria baicalensis extract was showed effective bacterial reduction.

Effect of Museum Conditions on Historical Dyed Silk Fabric with Madder Dye

Historical textiles suffer from deterioration as a result of exposure to uncontrolled environmental conditions in museums. To establish standard conditions for display of undyed and dyed silk fabrics in Egyptian museums, different artificial aging procedures (thermal, light and chemical) were applied to examine their effects on the physical, mechanical and chemical structure of the silk fiber. Samples of undyed silk and silk dyed with madder with different mordants, iron II sulphate; iron III chloride and copper sulphate were used for this purpose. These aged samples were examined for their surface morphology, color parameters (CIE Lab), mechanical properties, degree of crystallinity, secondary structure analysis and amino acids content.

Dyeing and Anti-Ultraviolet Properties of Anthocynins Extracted from Purple Sweet Potatoes for Silk

Purple sweet potatoes were applied to extract anthocyanins for dyeing silk fabrics. Dyeing and anti-ultraviolet properties of anthocyanins were investigated. The color yield, exhaustion behaviors, fastness properties and anti-ultraviolet properties of dyed silk fabrics were also discussed. The results showed that high color strength value (K/S value = 3.01) was achieved at 50 °C and pH 3. The washing and rubbing fastness properties were enhanced by mordant dyeing method using alum. The dyed silk samples displayed good anti-ultraviolet and the UV transmittance was decreased by 46% at 300nm and 58% at 360nm.

Dyeing of Cotton, Bombyx Mori and Eri Silk Fabrics with the Natural Dye Extracted from Tamarind Seed

Dyeing of Cotton, Bombyx Mori and Eri Silk Fabrics with the Natural Dye Extracted from Tamarind Seed

Synthesis, characterization and dyeing behavior of heterocyclic acid dyes and mordent acid dyes on wool and silk fabrics

Novel heterocyclic acid and mordent acid dyes were synthesized by the coupling of diazonium salt solution of different aromatic amines with 2- butyl-3-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)benzofuran. The resulting heterocyclic acid dyes were characterized by spectral techniques, i.e., elemental analysis, IR, 1HNMR, 13C-NMR spectral studies and UV- visible spectroscopy. The dyeing performance of all the heterocyclic acid dyes was evaluated on wool and silk fabrics. The dyeing of chrome pre treated wool and silk fabrics showed better hues on mordented fabrics. Dyeing of wool and silk fabrics resulted in pinkish blue to red shades with very good depth and levelness. The dyed fabrics showed excellent to very good light, washing, perspiration, sublimation and rubbing fastness.

구아바 잎 추출액을 이용한 직물의 천연염색(I) - 구아바 잎 추출액의 특성과 견직물에 대한 염색성 -

The natural dyeing of silk fabrics with guava leaf extract was investigated. Mixed components of flavonoid and tannin seem to be the components of guava leaf extract. The temperature and time for dyeing of silk fabrics with guava leaf extract were <TEX>$40^{\circ}C$</TEX> and <TEX>$90^{\circ}C$</TEX> for eighty minutes, respectively. The dyeing equilibrium was shown at the fourth time of repeated dyeing. The highest K/S value was recorded at pH 3. Fe-mordanted fabrics showed the highest K/S value. High K/S values were shown in the post-mordanting of dyed fabrics at <TEX>$40^{\circ}C$</TEX> and the pre-mordanting of dyed fabrics at <TEX>$90^{\circ}C$</TEX>. After repeated dyeing and mordanting, various color change occurred with mordant treatment. Surface colors were changed to YR color in alkaline water extract and to Y color in acidic water and ethanol extract, respectively. The washing fastness was level 3-4 for Sn-mordanted fabrics and level 4 for Fe-mordanted fabrics, and the dry cleaning fastness also showed very excellent result with level 4-5. The rubbing fastness was satisfactory with level 3-4. The light fastness was above level 4 only when Fe-mordanting was conducted, and the rest of dyed fabrics was not fast enough. In the antibacterial activity, the powder of guva leaf extract showed 99.9% of high antibacterial activity and Staphylococcus aureus showed 99.6% in dyed fabric. All dyed fabrics showed higher deodorization and UV protection rate than control fabric.

자외선 조사가 아선약 염색 직물의 색상 및 역학적 특성에 미치는 영향

This study was carried out to investigate the variations of catechu dyed fabrics under UV irradiation. Catechu dyed cotton and silk fabrics mordanted with Fe and Cu were irradiated with UV under dry and wet conditions, and then were evaluated on color changes and mechanical properties. Owing to UV irradiation, the K/S values of catechu dyed cotton fabrics increased until a certain amount of time but those of catechu-dyed silk fabrics increased continuously. Cu mordanting cotton fabrics showed the smallest changes due to the UV treatment, and silk fabrics mordanted with Fe showed the largest changes. Wetted fabrics were accelerated maillard browning by UV. Un-mordanted cotton fabrics treated with UV under dry conditions changed its YR color to Y, but changed its Y color to YR under wet conditions. However, mordanted cotton fabrics treated with UV didn't change their color. Dyed silk fabrics except those Fe mordanted and in wet conditions continued to keep their color after UV irradiation. Silk fabric mordanted with Fe under wet conditions changed its Y color to YR by UV irradiation. UV irradiation didn't affect the mechanical properties of catechu-dyed cotton and silk fabrics in any significant way.

Synthesis, characterization and dyeing assessment of novel acid azo dyes and mordent acid azo dyes based on 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulfonic acid on wool and silk fabrics

Novel acid mono azo and mordent acid mono azo dyes were synthesized by the coupling of diazonium salt solution of different aromatic amines with 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulfonic acid. The resulting dyes were characterized by spectral techniques like elemental analysis, IR, 1H-NMR and UV visible spectroscopy. The dyeing performance of all the dyes was evaluated on wool and silk fabrics. The dyeing of chrome pre-treated wool and silk fabrics showed better hues on mordented fabrics. Dyeing of wool and silk fabrics resulted in pinkish blue to red shades with very good depth and levelness. The dyed fabrics showed excellent to very good light, washing, perspiration, sublimation and rubbing fastness.

Study on the Dyeing of Silk Fabrics with Natural Dyestuff Copits

In this paper, silk fabrics were dyed with natural dyestuff copits. The effects of dyeing PH value, temperature, time, and dye solution concentration on the K/S values were studied. The ultrasonic dyeing was compared with conventional dyeing. The results showed that the optimal conventional dyeing process were dyeing PH value neutral, temperature 100°C, time 40min, the relative dyeing solution concentration 3%, and the optimal ultrasonic dyeing process were dyeing PH value neutral, dyeing temperature 40°C, time 40min, the relative dyeing solution concentration 3%. Ultrasonic dyeing process greatly improved the dye uptake and made obvious effects on energy saving.

Dyeing Properties of Tussah Silk Fabric with Indigo Naturalis and Turmeric

Two vegetable dyes of indigo naturalis and turmeric were combined on dyeing tussah silk fabric with two steps. The first step is dyeing the silk fabric with indigo naturalis by reduction process, and then dyed with turmeric by direct dyeing process. The results of single factor experiment on the indigo naturalis dyed tussah silk fabric dyeing with turmeric indicated that the relative concentration, pH value, dyeing temperature, and dyeing time had effect to a certain extent on the over dyeing. The dyeing conditions were determined by the above single factor experiment. The rubbing fastness and washing resistance of the dyed silk fabric could achieve to grade 3 more than grade 3.

Effect of Mordant Type on Thermal Stability and Fastness Properties of Silk Fabric Dyed with Natural Dye "Sambucus Nigra"

Natural dye (Sambucus nigra, whose common name is elder) is used to dye silk fabric. The dyed fabric samples have been post mordanted with three different mordants, including alum; ferrous and chrome. A thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning colorimetry (DSC) of all the samples are used to investigate the thermal stability of the dyed mordanted silk fabrics. The TGA provides the changes in the sample weight loss as a function of time and temperature. The DSC gives information about the possible changes in the fiber structure. In addition, the DSC is a method commonly used to determine crystallinity in polymers and involves measuring the melting enthalpy. The TGA tested results for silk samples mordanted with ferrous has the highest thermal stability. The endothermic peak at 318°C shifts to a lower or higher temperature than in the case of blank samples according to the type of mordant used. Fastness to light, washing and perspiration of the examined silk fabrics have also been examined and the results are reported.

Alkali salt recovered from kraft process and its application as dyeing auxiliary

Recovered Boiler Ash (RBA) collected from kraft pulping process was purified using crystallization and evaporization methods. The study parameters were crystallization time (24, 48, 72 and 96 h), crystallization temperature (−5 °C and 5 °C), evaporation temperature (50 °C, 80 °C and 100 °C) and stirring effect. Results demonstrated that the maximum yield of crystallized compounds (CRBA) reached 68 ± 3 wt.% when the crystallization was conducted at 5 °C for 48 h at pH 3 with no stirring, while that of evaporated compounds (ERBA) reached 95 ± 4 wt.% when the evaporation was conducted at 100 °C and pH 3 under stirring. The components found in RBA and all recovered salts were examined by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectrophotometry and ion chromatography (IC). It was found that RBA consisted of 80 wt.% Na 2SO 4, 5 wt.% NaCl and 1 wt.% Na 2CO 3. After purification, CRBA and ERBA showed weight ratios of Na 2SO 4:NaCl:K 2SO 4 as 96.4:0.8:2.8 and 78.3:11.1:10.6, respectively. These results were in agreement with data from their X-ray diffractograms (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and specific densities. Due to the reasons of yield and cost saving, ERBA was utilized as an auxiliary for silk fabric dyeing. The dyeing was carried out using three commercial reactive dyes specially for silk dyeing: Cibacron ® Red FN-R, Cibacron ® Blue FN-R, Cibacron ® Yellow FN-R. RBA and ERBA were used as auxiliaries at the concentrations of 30–60 g L −1. The dyeing performances indicated that the best dyeing result was shown when 45 g L −1 ERBA was used as auxiliary for silk fabric dyeing.

Study on Dyeing of the Plasma Modification Silk Fabric in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

A study has been conducted into the dyeing of silk fabric in supercritical carbon dioxide. In order to reach better dyeing effect, plasma modifying is used to silk. Plasma modifying can decompose disulfide bond of the protein fiber, change the state of scale layer and break silk gum of fiber so that dyestuff could infiltrate. Factors of plasma modifying are fixed, including pH value, processing time. And they affect the values of fabric colour feature and fabric strength. In this work, C.I. Disperse Blue-77 and C.I. Disperse Yellow E-3G are used by combining orthogonal experiment and single factor analysis. During dyeing process, temperature and pressure have a great impact on the result. Modification process and dyeing process are optimized, and the best process is determined. The results presented in this study show dyestuff can infiltrate through modified fabric easily. Through the testing, the washing fastness and rubbing fastness of silk fabric after being modified are improved. The changes between before and after dyeing are analyzed by scanning electron microscope and infrared spectrometer. It is showed that modified fabric obtains a better effect.