Dyeability Of Polyester Fabric Research Articles

The Influence of pH of Float on the Dyeability of Polyester Fabric

Disperse dyes are essentially non – ionic, exhibit poor solubility in water, and they can be used in the form of water dispersion. Polyester fibres are resistant to dilute aqueous acids and alkaline solutions and pH value does not provide a crucial impact on the dyeing mechanism; however, many disperse dyes undergo degradation if the pH is uncontrolled during aqueous dyeing. In order to minimize the possibility of dye hydrolysis, the dyeing is carried out in a slightly acidic medium, and pH is usually adjusted with acetic acid. In this work, the quantity of disperse dyes (Sinten Gelb P-5GL and Sinten Scharlach P-3GL) applied to polyester knitwear was investigated as a function of pH. The sorption capacity of polyester knitwear was monitored by using reflection curves and CIELab system, according to Swiss software Sandoz (based on spectrophotometry). The acetic acid was used for dyebath pH adjustment. The results showed that the maximum uptake of Sinten Gelb P-5GL and SintenScharlach P-3GL dyes by polyester knitwear occurred at pH 4.64 (0.2924%) and 6.20 (0.1860%), respectively. According to reflection curves in the range (max = 400-700 nm), the effect of pH on the sorption of Sinten Gelb P-5GL was more significant than one for Sinten Scharlach P-3GL, when concentration of dye is constant (0.4%). The CIELab values for three illuminants (daylight, light – bulb and incandescent) showed a significant dependence between pH float and hue and intensity of polyester knitwear dyeing with disperse dyes

Glutamic acid-glucose Gemini surfactants: physico-chemical properties and effect on the dyeability of polyester fabric

Abstract In this study we used glutamic acid as a linking group and glucose, propylene glycol, and fatty alcohols as raw materials to prepare glutamic acid-glucose Gemini surfactants. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to verify the structures of the surfactants. We investigated their surface properties (surface tension, contact angles), and their effect on the fluorescence of pyrene. To test their potential application, we prepared emulsions with the surfactants and olive oil, and evaluated the emulsion stability with a particle size analyzer. We also investigated the ability to dye polyester fabrics in the presence of the glutamic acid-glucose-gemini surfactants. Among our synthesized materials, those with shorter alkyl chains exhibited better surface activities and emulsification properties, resulting in excellent dye uptake and leveling.

The influence of pH adjusted with different acids on the dyeability of polyester fabric

Abstract The influence of using formic, oxalic, citric, tartaric, hydrochloric, nitric, sulphuric and phosphoric acid for dyebath pH adjustment was investigated upon the dyeing of polyester fabric with CI Disperse Yellow 60. The positions of colour in CIELab coordinates of the samples dyed with the addition of tested acids were assessed and compared to those dyed with the addition of acetic acid. It was found that the differences in dyeabilities obtained with the addition of citric, oxalic, hydrochloric, nitric and sulphuric acid are entirely acceptable according to both M&S 83A and CMC (2:1) standards in comparison to the dyeability obtained with the addition of acetic acid.

Preparation and characterisation of novel phospholipid cationic liposomes to improve the alkaline hydrolysis and dyeability of polyester fabric

Three novel cationic liposomes were prepared from commercial soybean lecithin (neutral liposome) and stearylamine (cationic liposome) as a catalyst or accelerating agent for the alkaline hydrolysis of polyester fabric. The formation of 1:1, 1:6 and 1:12 cationic liposomes was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, nitrogen content and Fourier Transform-infrared spectroscopy. Factors affecting the alkaline hydrolysis performance of polyester fabric in the presence and absence of cationic liposomes were investigated. Size measurements of the three cationic liposomes showed that the vesicle size was 27.88 nm for the 1:1 cationic liposome, 15.57 nm for 1:6 and 10 nm for 1:12, in comparison with 50 nm for neutral liposome. The results showed that alkaline hydrolysis in the presence of cationic liposomes improves the hydrophilicity and dyeability of polyester fabric and creates more carboxylic groups on the fabric. The silky polyester fabric was characterised by scanning electron microscopy, tensile strength, elongation at break, crease recovery angle and surface roughness to prove the success of the cationic liposomes as accelerating agents in the alkaline hydrolysis process. The results also indicate that the colour strength of hydrolysed polyester fabric in the presence of cationic liposomes dyed with disperse dye was slightly higher than that obtained in the absence of cationic liposomes and with unhydrolysed fabric. Furthermore, the fastness properties of hydrolysed polyester in the absence and presence of cationic liposomes do not vary.

Improvements in the dyeability of polyester fabrics by atmospheric pressure oxygen plasma treatment

Polyester has been widely used as an apparel and technical textile material in the form of fibers, films and plastics due to its excellent mechanical and physical properties. However, its poor surface properties have limited its end‐use versatility. In this study, the surface of a polyester fabric was modified by atmospheric pressure plasma treatment with oxygen under different operating conditions to improve the hydrophilicity and dyeability of the fabric. The oxygen plasma‐treated polyester surfaces were exposed to different treatment times and were analyzed to investigate the changes in the morphology and chemical nature of the surface by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X‐ray diffraction and by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, respectively. The surface roughness of the fabric was improved by plasma etching, which was confirmed by SEM and X‐ray diffraction, as well as the increased presence of oxygen‐based functional groups on the polyester fabric, which was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy, resulted in an improvement in the fabric wettability. The color strength values of the oxygen plasma‐treated fabric, dyed with disperse dyes at 100°C, were slightly higher than those obtained using the untreated fabric at 130°C. The surface roughness and K/S values of the treated fabric decreased as the ageing period was increased up to 42–63 days. The color fastness properties of the dyed oxygen plasma‐treated fabric were excellent.

Modification of polyester fabric by chemical/thermal treatment to improve dyeing ability

Attempts were made to enhance the dyeability of polyester fabric by thermal treatment or combined chemical/thermal treatment in hot air or in steam, either slack or under load. Ethanolamine, hydrazine hydrate, ethylene glycol and a benzophenone derivative were applied to the fabric by padding technique prior to the thermal treatment. The dyeability of polyester fabric was found to be improved at nearly boiling without using carriers and/or high‐temperature/high‐pressure techniques. The rate of dyeing of chemically/thermally treated polyester fabric was found to increase. Differential thermal analysis of the polyester samples was interpreted in terms of dyeability improvement. The glass transition temperature of the treated fabric was found to decrease compared with the untreated one, resulting in an enhancement in the dyeability of polyester fabric with disperse dye.

Dyeability improvement of polyester pretreated with some alkoxides

The influence of some alkoxides in alcoholic media, having various dielectric constants, on the physical and mechanical properties was thoroughly studied in a previous work to attain silk-like polyester fibers. In this investigation, the dyeability behavior of this silk-like polyester is tried. Both immersion and padding techniques are applied in the treatment. The dyeability of the pretreated polyester fabric with disperse dyes shows some progressive improvements with lowering the dyeing temperature and/or decreasing the time of dyeing attained. Ethoxide is found to be more effective in enhancing the dyeability of polyester fabric than either methoxide or propoxide. Dyeing of the pretreated polyester fabric at the boil without using carriers or conducting high temperature/high pressure dyeing is also possible. Washing and crocking fastness are relatively enhanced. Physicochemical investigations of the dyeing process and a mathematical analysis for evenness are given. A decrease in the half dyeing time and an increase in the rate of dyeing of the pretreated polyester as compared with the untreated one are noticed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008