Dye Extraction Research Articles

Carbon@ceramic 3D printed devices for bisphenol A and other organic contaminants extraction

A high efficient and versatile extraction device was prepared by coating a durable 3D printed ceramic support with a polymer-derived porous carbon. The ceramic support was coated with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), which acted as binder and carbon source simultaneously, allowing to obtain a high robust and functional carbon coated device in a direct and very simple way. The so prepared device was evaluated for the extraction of the endocrine disrupting phenol, bisphenol A. It showed fast adsorption kinetics, high extraction capacity (122.5 mg g−1), and excellent reusability, keeping removal percentages above 90% after 10 consecutive extraction cycles. Carbon@ceramic 3D printed devices also showed good performance for the individual and simultaneous extraction of other phenolic compounds (4-tert-octylphenol and 4-tert-butylphenol), pharmaceutical products (ibuprofen, diclofenac and acetaminophen), and organic dyes (malachite green and methylene blue) in real water samples, demonstrating its potential for the removal of organic pollutants from water.

Comprehensive assessment of the Calotropis procera natural dye extracts with weather effects for photovoltaic solar cell manufacturing

Comprehensive assessment of the <i>Calotropis procera</i> natural dye extracts with weather effects for photovoltaic solar cell manufacturing

FT-IR Analysis of Beta vulgaris Peels and Pomace Dye Extracts and Surface Analysis of Optimally Dyed-Mordanted Cellulosic Fabrics

FT-IR spectroscopy is a nondestructive technique that can be utilized for the qualitative characterization of natural dyes and dyed substrates through structure elucidation. This work aimed at the characterization of natural dye extract from Beta vulgaris peels and pomaces and surface analysis of optimally dyed-mordanted cotton (cellulosic) fabric using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, as well as colour fastness tests (light, washing, rubbing, and perspiration). Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed in the optimization of dyeing temperature (T), time (t), and pH, as well as applying the relative percent change in colour strength (ΔE) of dyed fabrics as the response. The natural mordants (tannic acid-alum) were compared with synthetic mordants (K2Cr2O7, FeSO4, and CuSO4) using the three mordanting methods. The optimized dyeing parameters were T (55°C), t (75 minutes), and pH (6.5), as a result of comparatively high relative % ΔE (11%). The FT-IR analysis of the extract revealed different characteristic absorption peak values for various functional groups: 3282.82 cm−1 (–OH stretch), 2932.96 cm−1 (C–H stretch), and 1588.91 cm−1 (C=N stretch), among others. The C=N bond stretch biomarks the presence of nitrogen-containing compounds such as the reddish betanin pigments. p &gt; 0.05 of the dyeing parameters implied that they are not significant but affect dyeing probably alongside other factors such as mordanting. The spectral analysis of bleached and optimally dyed (nonmordanted and mordanted) fabrics revealed varied peaks indicating different functional groups suggesting the presence of cellulose and the binding of mordants with chromophores in the dye extract which yield different shades. Postmordanting showed mean ratings of 4-5 (excellent) among all fastness tests, displayed by tannic acid-alum, FeSO4, and CuSO4. Generally, mordanting resulted in enhanced dye stability and improved colour fastness. To identify specific chromophores in dye extracts and their molecular configurations due to mordants, advanced FT-IR hyphenated systems can be employed.

Extraction and Dyeing Techniques of Traditional Vegetable Dyestuffs.

In order to explore the influencing factors of the extraction of vegetable dyes, a research method for the extraction and dyeing of traditional vegetable dyes was proposed. In this paper, the effects of extraction temperature, extraction time, and the ratio of solid to liquid on the extraction effect were discussed through orthogonal experiments. The dyeing process of silk extract was used in this study. The silk fabric was directly dyed with natural dye from peach leaves, compared with the three dyeing methods of premordant, same-bath mordant, and postmordant, and the color fastness to soaping of the dyed fabric was tested. The results show that the color fastness to soaping of leaf-dyed fabrics conforms to the national standard of superior grades, which effectively proves the correctness of the algorithm and model nature and superiority.

Effect of Static Magnetic Field on &lt;i&gt;Anchusa-Italica&lt;/i&gt;-Doped Pentacene

This work is devoted to the influence of magnetized water on dye extracted from Anchusa Italica plant and doped pentacene thin films. The findings resulted in optoelectronic behavior, showing that using magnetized water in the extraction process gives rise to distinct and superior characteristics as compared to using regular water. The Fourier-transform infrared method was used to analyze the structural properties of an Anchusa Italica-doped pentacene thin film. A comparative study on two samples was carried out: the first sample was affected by a static magnetic field and the other one was not. Optical properties including the absorption spectra absorption coefficient, optical energy gap, conventional and refractive factors were investigated by applying ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy ranging from 300 to 900 nm. The estimated band gap edge of the dye/doped pentacene affected with magnetization was reduced from 2.61 to 1.76 eV and converted into the recommended direct band gap to contribute to optical systems. The absorption spectra of the sample with magnetization effect appears to be more efficient than the one extracted using regular water. The power transmission coefficients (indirect to direct) were also affected because of the magnetic extraction procedure. The complex refractive index was used to study the magnetization effect on the resonance mode and transparent indicator. The absorption index was enhanced to 570 nm in the spectrum, whereas there was also a low attenuation coefficient. This is the first time that magnetized sol has been used in dye extraction processes.

Sustainable eco-friendly extraction of yellow natural dye from haar singhar (Nyctanthes arbor-tritis) for bio coloration of cotton fabric.

The revival of natural dyes in different walks of life is due to stringent environmental standards imposed by many associations. For current studies, flowers of haar singhar (Nyctanthes arbor-tritis) has been chosen for bio-dyeing of cotton fabric using microwave irradiation techniques. For this purpose, liquid extracts and fabrics were exposed to microwave for 5 min at various conditions. These treated and un-treated dye extracts obtained in respective media were employed to dye the radiated and non-radiated cotton fabrics. The characterization of extract and untreated and undyed irradiated fabrics samples was done through FTIR. Different dyeing variables were optimized under CCD response surface methodology as a statistical tool. With the introduction of new shades and improvement of colorfastness properties, different concentrations of sustainable chemical and bio-mordant were employed. All dyed cotton fabrics were exposed to CIE-color space system for estimation of color coordinates and color strength by using spectra flash SF600 and to rate colorfastness properties using ISO standard methods for light, dry and wet rubbing, washing fastness. Cotton fabric was dyed with haar singhar flower extract of 7 pH from 4 g of powder, using 1.5 g/100 mL salt solution at 60 °C for 30 min. To get acceptable shades, aqueous extract after microwave treatment for 4 min provided excellent color strength. Pistachio (K/S = 3.6342) is a bio-mordant with great results, and aluminum (K/S = 4.8205) is a chemical mordant with outstanding results. It is found that green methods for isolation of colorant and green mordants for getting new shades should be employed.

Kajian sifat listrik bayam merah dan daun kelor sebagai fotosensitizer pada DSSC solar cell

DSSC (Dye Sensitized Solar Cell) uses dye as a sensitizer material which is used as an electron donor to TiO2 nanoparticles and uses an electrolyte as an electron transport medium. One of the dye extracts of purple spinach and moringa leaves used as a photosensitizer is chlorophyll extract or anthocyanin. The nature of chlorophyll which is able to absorb light is a function of the dye in DSSC. Making Moringa leaf and red spinach leaf dye after being blended, dried and ground into powder. Then the Moringa leaf powder was mixed with 70% ethanol with the ratio of Moringa leaves and ethanol, namely 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4. Meanwhile, red spinach leaf powder was mixed with ethanol solution in a ratio of 1:3. DSSC fabrication shows that the voltage, current, and power produced increases with the increasing amount of ethanol used, namely 1.879 mW, 1.573 mW, and 1.98 mW. Meanwhile, red spinach leaves mixed with ethanol in a ratio of 1:3 showed that the results were higher than Moringa leaves. So from the results of DSSC Solar Cell fabrication using Moringa leaves and red spinach leaves, it shows that there is light absorption from these materials and an increase in the conductive properties of Moringa and red spinach DSSCs.

Analysis of flower extract and natural dye solution from Sesbania javanica using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) chemometrics, and determination of its antioxidant and anti-glucosidase activities

Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) chemometrics and determination of antioxidant and anti-glucosidase activities of flower extract and natural dye solution from Sesbania javanica were performed. Total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were the highest in ethanolic flower extract, while antioxidant activity (1/EC50 = 0.4935) and α-glucosidase inhibition (1/EC50 = 2.9671) were the highest in dye solution, obtained from mixing white clay filler with aqueous dye extract. The correlations of FTIR data, bioactive compound contents, and biological activities were assessed by partial least squares structural equation modelling. Results showed that a strongly positive relationship was significantly demonstrated between FTIR fingerprints and bioactive compound contents (β = 0.825, t = 17.037, p value &lt; 0.05), and between bioactive compound contents and biological activities (β = 0.563, t = 3.000, p value &lt; 0.05). However, a strongly negative relationship was significantly found between FTIR fingerprints and biological activities (β = -1.204, t = 6.065, p value &lt; 0.05). Moreover, the PCA and cluster analysis from FTIR data led to well grouping in PC plots and phylogenetic trees. Interestingly, the PCA and cluster analysis from FTIR data of plant extracts in powdered form provided better separation in PC plots and phylogenetic trees than in liquid form.

Гибридная технология очистки сточных вод красильно-отделочных производств

Introduction. Nowadays people tend to follow fashion trends and wear clothes made of brightly coloured fabrics and furs. Their production requires a large set of chemical reagents, including dyes, tanning agents, surfactants, etc. Multicomponent wastewater with changeable composition is generated following the completion of the dyeing cycle and the treatment of materials. Their further processing requires advanced innovative approaches, most of which are integrative. Wastewater treatment technologies, used by dyeing and finishing facilities, are analyzed in the article. The authors present the results of the laboratory research into the development of an integrative technology for dye extraction from wastewater using a composite sorbent obtained by pelletizing dust wastes of the metallurgical industry and supplementary phytoextraction of dyes in bio-ponds. Materials and methods. The research was conducted in the laboratory environment. The technology entails the use of a composite porous material, made of man-made raw materials used in the production of silicon and aluminum. A pelleti­zing technique, proposed by the authors, is employed to make this composite material. The sorbent production technique, its characteristics and evaluation of sorption properties are presented. The phyto-sorption properties of aquatic plants were tested in the laboratory environment. Aquatic plants, growing in the Angara river, were used in the research. Plants were collected by trawl, freed from soil, washed, and grown in the laboratory aquariums filled with dechlorinated water in conditions of moderate lighting and at the temperature of 14–16 °С. They are Elodea canadensis, Myriophyllum spicatum, and Ceratophyllum demersum. The model wastewater was represented by dye solutions, such as C.I. Acid Yellow 11, C.I. Acid Blue 120, C.I. Acid Red 1, C.I. Basic Orange 21. Results. The newly developed technology of making a composite sorbent from waste is described; its treatment efficiency is analyzed. Experimental values of the phytoremediation potential of aquatic plants are obtained. A hybrid technology for local wastewater treatment, including sorption and phyto-treatment, involving gabions and biological ponds, is proposed. Wastewater is treated in gabions filled with composite sorbent and then poured into bio-ponds with aquatic plants. Conclusions. The findings enable researchers to outline areas of further research on optimization of integrated facilities, designated for the local treatment of wastewater, generated by dyeing and finishing facilities.

Optimization of Dyeing Process of Natural Dye Extracted from Polyalthia longifolia Leaves on Silk and Cotton Fabrics

ABSTRACT The study approached to extract natural dye from the wastage leaves of Polyalthia longifolia and evaluate the dyeing properties on silk and cotton fabrics. Different analysis techniques were used to understand the characteristics of the dye and apply them to silk and cotton fabrics using UV–Vis spectrophotometer, FTIR, and SEM. The colorimetric properties were analyzed by reflectance spectrometry in terms of L*, a*, b*, c*, h°, and K/S values. The color fastness was investigated in terms of light, wash, rub (dry/wet), and perspiration tests. The optimum dye extraction obtained was 18% at 90°C in 60 min of extraction in the aqueous alkaline medium. The analysis results showed that the extracted reddish-brown colored dyes confirmed the presence of tannins and phenolic compounds. The color was fixed firmly on silk fabrics without any mordant. The post-mordanting method with ferrous sulfate and copper sulfate showed a better shade and lightfastness than other mordanting processes on silk fabrics. Ferrous sulfate and copper sulfate mordanted cotton fabrics showed good light and wash fastness properties. The study observed that the extracted natural dye of P. longifolia has the potential to be used as a textile dye.

Extraction of Natural Dyes from Turmeric (Curcuma longa) and their Application on Polylactic Acid Fiber

This research presents an eco-friendly approach towards Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The current study is based on the optimization of the dyeing process of biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) fiber using with natural dyes of turmeric extractions by using Soxhlet extraction technique. The dyeing process was carried out by using Daelim Starlet III, which is an infrared dyeing machine. Three independent variables were selected, including pH, time, and temperature. According to the standard test protocols, dyed samples were evaluated for color strength (K/S), CIELab values, fiber tenacity, and fiber elongation. ANOVA test results of the Linear Model exhibited that the model terms have a significant effect on K/S and the physical strength of fiber. Moreover, the observed values were in agreement with the predicted values and the suggested equation model was satisfactory and accurate. A temperature of 100 °C with pH 5 and time duration of 30 minutes in the dyeing process were observed to achieve optimum dyed PLA fibers, exhibiting appreciable strength and elongation. Lastly, dyed fibers exhibited satisfactory color fastness ratings.&#x0D; Index Terms: color strength, exhaustion, natural dyeing, polylactic acid fiber, turmeric

The use of Aloe barbadensis M. (Aloe vera) Extract as Potential Stains in Gram’s Staining Technique

Aloe barbadensis miller (Aloe vera) aside being a potent antioxidant with effects attributed to the phytoconstituents (anthraquinone), can also serve as natural dyes. This study explored the staining potentials of A. barbadensis extract on microbial specimens in modified Gram’s staining technique. The plant was washed; shrubby edges of the leaves were scraped off and each leaf cut open to expel the gel content. The dried and grinded leaf material weighing 450g was treated with two different extraction methods (150g for heated alcoholic aloe extract (HAAE) and 150g each for the unheated alcoholic aloe extracts I &amp; II (UAAE-1 &amp; UAAE-II). Preliminary phytochemical screening of extracts using bontragers test was conducted. Solutions from the two extraction methods with and without a mordant were applied on bacterial smears. Anthraquinone-rich extract under optimal extraction conditions were 10.0, 4.84 and 18.8 respectively. Comparing the extraction methods, HAAE and UAAE1 &amp; UAAEII are mutually convenient and easy to make; but the former was more cost-effective with regards to power and instrumentation while the latter was more cost-efficient with regards to solvent. The pH of various prepared solutions was acidic and the extracts contained a bioactive agent that imparts pigment on biological specimens. In comparing the mordanted and non-mordanted solutions, the former had no additional effects on the staining efficiency of the aloe dye extract. We concluded that A. barbadensis dye visibly stained bacterial Gram positive and Gram negative cells in modified Gram’s staining without structural differentiations. We recommend reductions in staining duration for microbial samples to ascertain the reasons for the variation in staining uptake.

Abstract 2469: Image-guided focused ultrasound-mediated drug delivery for improved cancer treatment

Abstract Introduction: The first option for cancer treatment is often chemotherapy. However, studies have shown that only 1% of the injected dose reaches the target cancer as the tumor microenvironment presents a physical barrier for optimal drug delivery. Focused ultrasound (FUS) in combination with microbubble (MB) contrast agents is an emerging therapy to improve drug delivery by temporarily increasing microvascular permeability. This research details the development and testing of a novel ultrasound (US) image-guided FUS system and method for enhancing drug delivery to tumor tissue and volume space with comparison to a 2-dimensional (2-D) US therapeutic technology. Methods: Real-time US therapy was implemented on a programmable US system (Vantage 256, Verasonics Inc) equipped with a dual US transducer configuration for interleaved anatomical imaging and volumetric treatment delivery (HIFU-Plex, Sonic Concepts Inc). Both US imaging and therapeutic transducers are co-registered 128 element arrays with center frequencies of 3.5 and 2.0 MHz, respectively. The latter is a concentric array that enables beam steering in 3-dimensional (3-D) space. US treatment was performed at a peak negative pressure of 0.7 MPa (mechanical index, MI of 0.45), pulse repetition frequency of 10 Hz, and duty cycle of 10%. BALB/c mice (N = 22, Charles River Laboratory) were implanted with 2.0 × 105 breast cancer cells (4T1, ATCC). Once tumors reached 0.6 cm in size, mice were randomly divided into a 3-D or 2-D US therapy group or sham control. US therapy was performed following an intravascular injection of microbubbles (Definity, Lantheus Medical Imaging) and IR-780 dye. Note microbubbles function as a therapeutic mediator whereas the fluorescent dye represents a surrogate small molecule drug. Live animal fluorescent imaging was performed at baseline before US therapy (0 h) and again at 1, 24, and 48 h. Following the 48 h timepoint, animals were euthanized and tumors surgically excised for ex vivo analysis. Results: 3-D US-mediated therapy improved molecular delivery to tumor tissue by 150 and 180% at 24 and 48 h, respectively, when compared to our previously established 2-D US therapeutic approach (p = 0.22) or sham therapy (p = 0.07). A similar trend was observed during ex vivo imaging of excised tumor samples treated with 3-D US therapy as compared to the 2-D US therapeutic approach (p = 0.41) or sham therapy (p = 0.04). Dye extraction further confirmed these observations (p &amp;gt; 0.12). Conclusions: 3-D US therapy improved molecular delivery to the tumor volume compared to our previously established 2-D US-based method as confirmed by a series of optical imaging studies. Citation Format: Ryan Margolis, Junjie Li, Lokesh Basavarajappa, Kenneth Hoyt. Image-guided focused ultrasound-mediated drug delivery for improved cancer treatment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2469.

Lignocellulosic Biomass Waste Adsorbent for Removal of Dye from Aqueous Solution

Date Palm Tree Fiber (DPTF) is a renewable raw material which is considered a biomass waste excess of date farms and manufactures. This biomass was successfully utilized as solid phase extractor (SPE) for removal of methylene Blue dye (MB) from polluted water. The chemical composition and the surface morphology of the SPE was critically assigned based on FT-IR, and FE-SEM. In batch separation mode, the impact of several analytical parameters e.g. contact time, weight of biomass, solution pH and initial concentration on the MB dye uptake from aqueous media by DPTF solid adsorbent was critically studied. At the optimized parameters, good adsorption capacity (qe,exp =9.153 mg/g) at pH 6 was achieved. The data of MB uptake were subjected to Langmuir and Freundlich to assign the most probable retention mechanism. The adsorption fitted well with Langmuir isotherm models qm 648 mg/g. The data were fitted well with pseudo- second order model as supported from the qe,cal (9.225 mg/g) value. Excellent extraction (99%) of MB dye was achieved from the environmental water samples. The DPTF solid sorbent is a non-toxic and renewable raw material of lignocellulosic biomass has a potential to uptake MB dye from wastewater.

Natural dye extracted from Triadica Sebifera in aqueous medium for sustainable dyeing and functionalizing of viscose fabric

Sustainable dyeing with natural compounds has gained more attention for a wide range of functional properties and environmental benefits. The purpose of this study was to investigate aqueous extraction in an alkaline medium in order to extract natural dyes from the bark of the Chinese tallow tree ( Triadica Sebifera ) and to determine its dyeing potential on viscose fabric. The perfect conditions for dye extraction were observed at M: L ratio 1:20, temperature 90 °C, pH 10, and time 100 min. Using different mordanting techniques severe dyeing process was done by using FeSO 4 .7H 2 O, KAl(SO 4 ) 2 .12H 2 O, SnCl 2 .2H 2 O, CuSO 4 .5H 2 O, ZnSO 4 .7H 2 O for viscose fabric. Here, three varied mordanting strategies, pre-mordanting, meta-mordanting, and post-mordanting were applied. The outcome has demonstrated that the dyeing of viscose fabric through post-mordanting strategy with KAl(SO 4 ) 2. 12H 2 O in various time, temperature, pH shown the better performances as well as superior result than the other different mordant. The CIELab values and color strength (K/S) values were measured using different conditions and find out the optimized value by orthogonal experiment. The interactions of dyed particles with viscose fabrics was confirmed by FTIR analysis. The color fastness properties were also in the acceptable range of fastness ratings of 4 for light, 4–5 for wash, 4–5 for dry rubbing and 4 for wet rubbing. The dyed viscose fabric was shown an excellent UV protection properties with 48.50 ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) value. The dyeing of viscose fabric with Chinese tallow tree ( Triadica Sebifera ) are very promising and can be considered as the potential alternative candidate of synthetic dyes to meet the actual demand of viscose fabric dyeing and functionalizing in the textile industry. • Viscose fabric was dyeing using natural dyes extracted from Triadica sebifera. • The optimized dyeing conditions were achieved by orthogonal experiment. • The dyed viscose fabric shown acceptable range of fastness properties. • The dyed viscose fabric shown an excellent UV protection properties.

Matrix Method of Determining Optical Energy Bandgap of Natural Dye Extracts

In this paper, a total of fourteen dye extracts from different plants’ parts (flowers and fruits) were extracted. Absorbance of light by dye extracts with 5%, 10% and 20%concentrationsweremeasured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at different wavelengths. A system of linear equations in terms of wavelength and absorbance without film thickness was developed and solved using MATLAB software. Also, optical energy bandgap (Eg) obtained experimentally are at range of 1.77- 2.76 eV. From the solutions of the system of equations, the (Eg) of the natural dyes were obtained. The results show all the dye extracts have (Eg) in the range 1.34-2.09 eV which falls within the range of UV and IR portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Also, the results reveal that sunflower (Helianthus) dye has the smallest (Eg) of 1.34 eV and guava (Guajava) peel dye with the higher (Eg) of 2.09 eV. This means Helianthus dye absorbs more light over a wider part of the electromagnetic spectrum and the easier electron transfer from its valence band to the conduction band. The values obtained via matrix method are in agreement with the experimental values with slight deviation, hence this validates the matrix method of obtaining optical energy bandgaps.

Kajian suhu ekstraksi panas dan konsentrasi bunga telang kering terhadap karakteristik fisikokimia dan organoleptik pudding

Pudding is well known as nutritious food and popular for all ages of consumers. One of determinant factors of consumer acceptance is food color, particularly in using natural colorants. Colored pudding was more attractive than colorless, especially by using natural dyes. Blue is one of the colors that attracting consumers. It can be extracted from dried butterfly pea flower (telang in Indonesian). The hot method extraction was the simplest natural dye extraction for household-scale industries. This study was aimed to determine the affected of the hot extraction temperature and the concentration of dried telang flower on the quality of pudding. The observed parameters were total anthocyanin content and color properties in terms of L*a*b. Sensory testing was used to evaluate color, taste, aroma, and texture preferences. The result showed that the interaction of the the treatments had a significant impact on the anthocyanin content, b* value, and panelists’ preference for color. The dried telang concentration affected brightness value (L*) and a* value. The concentration of telang flowers increased, resulting in a reduction in L* value. Also, a* value was affected by heat extraction temperature. Friedman ’s test result showed that the treatments only had a significant effect on the panelists' preference for color. The panelists have very liked the color of pudding with heat extraction temperature 80 0 C and concentration of dried telang flower 0.10%. The color was greenish-blue. This study recommend that dried telang flower can potentially as a pudding natural color.

Ultrasound assisted solid phase extraction of methylene blue dye by MgSiO3 nanoparticles through central composite design

ABSTRACT Current study is based on the synthesis and characterisation of MgSiO3 nanoparticles (MgSiO3 NPs) and its application for ultrasound-assisted solid-phase extraction (UASPE) of methylene blue (MB) dye from water samples using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The prepared MgSiO3 NPs were fully identified and characterised by different techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The prepared nano sorbent had spherical shape with size diameter of 20 nm. Central composite design (CCD) optimisation approach as versatile tool was used for investigation and optimisation of the effective parameters. Using CCD method, the optimised conditions were achieved to be pH of 7.0, sorbent dosage of 29.80 mg, ultrasonic time of 10.34 min, and temperature of 25°C at 500 µl of dimethylformamide eluent using Triton X-100 surfactant. Under the optimised conditions, the proposed method is applicable for wide linear range with detection limit of 0.084 mg L−1, limit of quantification of 0.28 mg L−1. The prepared MgSiO3 NPs have exceptional properties in terms of porous and sheets structure and also high adsorption capacity. In addition, the applied method showed satisfactory figure of merits in terms of pre-concentration factor of 10, which make candidate the applied method and nano sorbent as an operative and ideal candidate for pre-concentration and determination trace level of MB from water samples.

Direct and soxhlet extraction of dyes from the peels of Allium cepa and its effective application in dye – Sensitized solar cells as sensitizer

Uncomplicated fabrication technique, eco-friendly nature and economically viable quality are the pros that make dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) as a potential substitute for the conventional solar cells. In recent years, DSSC has been undergone various aspects of research and variety of studies are being reported. In accordance with that, this study has the uniqueness of reporting the utilization of the dyes extracted from the peels of Allium cepa (onion) as sensitizer in DSSC. Worldwide usage of onion results in tons of peels that is discarded as wastes. This work brings a beneficiary prospective to use those tons of wastes as a raw material in solar energy conversion. Two methods (such as direct and soxhlet extraction method) were followed to extract dyes from the onion peels and were used as sensitizer for DSSC. To know about the properties of the extracted dyes, spectroscopic studies such as UV–Visible, FTIR and RAMAN were carried out. A total of 4 DSSCs were fabricated in this study. The highest efficiency of 1.17% was obtained by the dye which was extracted by direct method using ethanol as solvent, which is so far the highest among the DSSCs made with dyes extracted from the peels.

A Sustainable Application of Turnsole (Dyer’s Litmus) Extract to Dye Protein Fibers: Development of a Microwave-assisted Dye Extraction Process

ABSTRACT In recent years, synthetic dyes have proven to be toxic, carcinogenic and polluting. Thus, several researchers have been interested in natural dyes in order to replace them. Herein, the Turnsole (Dyer’s Litmus) was selected to dye silk and wool fibers. The influence of four parameters, including pH extraction, microwave power, extraction duration and dye bath concentration was investigated. Moreover, four factors, particularly total phenolic content (TFC), condensed tannins (CT), total flavonoids content (TFC) and color strength (K/S), were studied to evaluate the extraction efficacy. As a result, Turnsole has been found to be an attractive source of natural dye especially for dyeing protein fibers, namely wool and silk.