Dye-biosorbent Interaction Research Articles

Bioremediation potential of a widespread industrial biowaste as renewable and sustainable biosorbent for synthetic dye pollution

In this study, a model synthetic azo dye (Basic red 46) bioremoval by Carpinus betulus sawdust as inexpensive, eco-friendly, and sustainable biosorbent from aqueous solution was examined in a batch biosorption system. The effective environmental parameters on the biosorption process, such as the value of pH, amount of biosorbent, initial dye concentration and contact time were optimized using classical test design. The possible dye-biosorbent interaction was determined by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The equilibrium, thermodynamic, and kinetic studies for the biosorption of Basic red 46 onto the sawdust biomass were performed. In addition, a single-stage batch dye biosorption system was also designed. The dye biosorption yield of biosorbent was significantly influenced by the change of operating variables. The experimental data were best described by the Freundlich isotherm model and both the pseudo-first-order kinetic and the pseudo-second-order kinetic models. Thermodynamic research indicated that the biosorption of dye was feasible and spontaneous. Based on the Langmuir isotherm model, the biosorbent was found to have a maximum biosorption potential higher than many other biosorbents in the literature (264.915 mg g−1). Thus, this investigation presents a novel green option for the assessment of waste sawdust biomass as a cheap and effective biosorbent material.

Study of Adsorption of Malachite Green on Dried <I>Aspergillus versicolor</I> (MTCC280) Biomass

Dyes are extensively used in textile, tannery, food, paper and pulp, printing industries to color their products. About 10-15% of the annual global production (2,80,000 tons) of dyes are discharged as effluent mainly by textile and paint industries. The majority of the dyes are toxic and cause damage to aquatic life. In this study biosorption of Malachite Green (MG) onto the lyophilised <em>Aspergillus versicolor</em> Biomass (AVB) was investigated with variation in pH, temperature, contact time, biosorbent concentration and dye concentration. Characterization of the dye-biosorbent interaction was studied by scanning electron microscopy. It was observed from the present study that the biosorption of Malachite green was maximum at pH 5.0, temperature of 30°C, and adsorbent concentration of 2g/L. The rate of adsorption was found to be very fast at the initial phase and the equilibrium reached within 270 min following the pseudo-second order rate kinetics. The adsorption process followed Freundlich Isotherm model. The treated and untreated AVB was characterized for the investigation of possible dye-biosorbent interaction and surface morphology by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) respectively. The results show that the present study may help designing a promising route towards bioremediation of the hazardous chemical MG.

Treatment design and characteristics of a biosorptive decolourization process by a green type sorbent

Contamination of water sources by synthetic dyes is a problem of global concern given their potential toxicities and environmental impacts. A significant increase has been noted in the studies related to developing alternative and efficient systems for the treatment of coloured effluents. This study focused on the development of an environmentally friendly process for the treatment of dye contaminated aqueous media. A natural biosorbent prepared from spent biomass of Pisum sativum was characterized and employed for the removal of a reactive dye for the first time in the literature. Experimental design, modelling and optimization techniques were applied to the batch biosorption process. Process variables were screened using response surface methodology coupled with a Box-Behnken design matrix. Solution pH, biosorbent dosage, reaction time and temperature were considered as key factors. The interactive effects of factor variables on the biosorption, characteristics of the biosorbent and possible dye–biosorbent interactions were discussed. The maximum decolourization yield of biomaterial was 83.2% at an initial concentration of 100 mg L−1. The best operating conditions were as follows: pH: 2.0, biosorbent amount: 0.6 g (in 25 mL dye solution), reaction time: 56.9 min and temperature 27.3 °C. The Langmuir isotherm model satisfactorily described the equilibrium biosorption data. IR spectra of unloaded and dye-loaded biosorbent indicated the functional groups on the biosorbent, such as a carbonyl that interacted with Reactive Violet 1 dye molecules. SEM micrographs indicated that microprecipitation can also play a role in the decolourization process. This study demonstrates that developed waste biosorbent could be successfully employed as an effective and eco-friendly alternative cleaner to remove reactive dyes from wastewaters.

Biosorption characteristics of Aspergillus fumigatus for the decolorization of triphenylmethane dye acid violet 49

This study focuses on the possible use of Aspergillus fumigatus to remove acid violet 49 dye (AV49) from aqueous solution. In batch biosorption experiments, the highest biosorption efficiency was achieved at pH 3.0, with biosorbent dosage of 3.0 gL(-1) within about 30 min at 40 °C. The Langmuir and Freundlich models were able to describe the biosorption equilibrium of AV49 onto fungal biomass with maximum dye uptake capacity 136.98 mg g(-1). Biosorption followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model with high correlation coefficients (R (2) > 0.99), and the biosorption rate constants increased with increasing temperature. Thermodynamic parameters indicated that the biosorption process was favorable, spontaneous, and endothermic in nature, with insignificant entropy changes. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy strongly supported the presence of several functional groups responsible for dye-biosorbent interaction. Fungal biomass was regenerated with 0.1 M sodium hydroxide and could be reused a number of times without significant loss of biosorption activity. The effective decolorization of AV49 in simulated conditions indicated the potential use of biomass for the removal of color contaminants from wastewater.

Effective decolorization potential of Thamnidium elegans: Biosorption optimization, modelling, characterization and application studies

The biosorption of MV onto untried biomass prepared from Thamnidium elegans culture was investigated in batch and continuous systems. The effects of experimental parameters on the biosorption process (initial pH, biosorbent amount, time, flow rate, initial dye concentration and competing ions) were examined. Biosorption process was the best described by the pseudo-second order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models. The high biosorption yield was recorded with lower amount of biosorbent in a short equilibrium time. Maximum biosorption capacity of biosorbent was determined as 579.37mgg−1 in batch mode. Biosorption–desorption studies indicated that T. elegans has a relatively good regeneration and recovery potential. The possible dye-biosorbent interactions were investigated by zeta potential measurements and IR analysis. Findings indicated that the biosorbent prepared from T. elegans may be an effective alternative for the removal of MV from aqueous media with the high biosorption capacity and satisfactory recovery potential.

Improved biosorption potential of Thuja orientalis cone powder for the biosorptive removal of Basic Blue 9

This study focused on the development of an efficient and practical biosorbent, a low cost and promising plant waste with cellulose–lignin polymeric structure, for the treatment of dye containing solutions. Thuja orientalis biomass was modified by citric acid and its biosorption potential was investigated with respect to pH (2.0–10.0), contact time (1–60min), sorbent dosage (0.01–0.05g), initial dye concentration (10–725mgL−1) and flow rate (0.5–4.0mLmin−1). Modification significantly increased the biosorption of dye by 30% as compared with unmodified biomass. Kinetic data followed the pseudo-second-order model while the equilibrium data were well predicted by the Langmuir isotherm model. Maximum dye biosorption capacities for natural and modified biomasses were found to be 91.03 and 203.21mgg−1 at 30°C, respectively. Modified biosorbent exhibited very good regeneration potential up to 10 cycles and it was successfully used for the decolorization of synthetic solution in dynamic flow mode. Zeta potential measurements, IR, SEM and EDX analysis were used to characterize the possible dye–biosorbent interactions. Overall, the present study underlines the alternative use of modified T. orientalis cones for removal and recovery applications of cationic dye, Basic Blue 9.

Chemical modification of a plant origin biomass using cationic surfactant ABDAC and the biosorptive decolorization of RR45 containing solutions

This study focused on the improvement of the decolorization potential of biomass derived from Pyracantha coccinea. Alkyl benyzldimethyl ammonium chloride (ABDAC) was used as modification agent. Batch mode decolorization potential of modified biosorbent was explored at different operating conditions. ABDAC modification significantly increased the biosorption yield to 97.27%, which was 3.88 times higher than that of natural biomass. The prepared biosorbent was effectively used for the decolorization of Reactive Red 45 contaminated solutions after the optimization of biosorption conditions. The non-linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the isotherm and kinetic model parameters. Process followed the Langmuir isotherm model and the highest monolayer capacity of 152.49mgg−1 was obtained with a small amount of modified biosorbent. Kinetic studies indicated fast decolorization rate of the process following the pseudo-first-order model. Biosorption performance of the prepared biosorbent was tested in RR45 containing real wastewater sample. The possible dye biosorbent interactions in the biosorption process were explored by zeta potential, scanning electron microscobe and FTIR analysis.

Evaluation of the individuality of white rot macro fungus for the decolorization of synthetic dye

A biosorbent was developed by simple dried Agaricus bisporus (SDAB) and effectively used for the biosorption of cationic dyes, Crystal Violet and Brilliant Green. For the evaluation of the biosorbent system, all the batch equilibrium parameters like pH, biomass dose, contact time, and temperature were optimized to determine the decolorization efficiency of the biosorbent. The maximum yields of dye removal were achieved at pH 4.0 for Crystal Violet (CV) and pH 5.0 for Brilliant Green (BG), which are closer to their natural pH also. Equilibrium was established at 60 and 40 min for CV and BG, respectively. Pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order, and intraparticle-diffusion kinetic models were studied at different temperatures. Isotherm models such as Freundlich, Langmuir, and Dubinin-Radushkevich were also studied. Biosorption processes were successfully described by Langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo second-order kinetic model. The biosorption capacity of A. bisporus over CV and BG were found as 21.74 and 12.16 mg gm(-1). Thermodynamic parameters indicated that the CV and BG dye adsorption onto A. bisporus is spontaneous and exothermic in the single and ternary systems. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used for the surface morphology, crystalline structure of biosorbent, and dye-biosorbent interaction, respectively. This analysis of the biosorption data confirmed that these biosorption processes are ecofriendly and economical. Thus, this biomass system may be useful for the removal of contaminating cationic dyes.

Biosorption of Acid Blue 25 by unmodified and CPC-modified biomass of Penicillium YW01: Kinetic study, equilibrium isotherm and FTIR analysis

The main objective of this work was to investigate the biosorption performance of unmodified and Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC)-modified biomass of Penicillium YW 01 for Acid Blue 25 (AB 25). Maximum biosorption capacity of AB 25 onto CPC-modified biosorbent was 118.48 mg g −1 under phosphoric–phosphate buffer with initial dye concentration of 200 mg L −1 at 30 °C. The biosorption pattern of AB 25 onto unmodified biosorbent in aqueous solution and phosphoric–phosphate buffer was well fitted with both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. While the equilibrium data of CPC-modified biosorbent in aqueous solution and phosphoric–phosphate buffer failed to fit the Freundlich isotherm model, indicating the monolayer biosorption formed onto CPC-modified biosorbent. The values of initial biosorption rate of biosorbent in phosphoric–phosphate buffer were found to be higher than that of corresponding values in aqueous solution, indicating phosphoric–phosphate buffer enhanced the initial biosorption rate of biosorption process. Weber–Morris model analysis indicated that the boundary layer effect had more influence on the biosorption process in phosphoric–phosphate buffer. The BET surface area of CPC-modified biosorbent (0.5761 m 2 g −1) was larger than that of unmodified biomass (0.3081 m 2 g −1). Possible dye–biosorbent interactions were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

Removal of Neutral Red from aqueous solution by adsorption on spent cottonseed hull substrate

Cottonseed hull, a low-cost widely available agricultural waste in China, after used as substrate for the white rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation, was tested for the removal of Neutral Red (NR), a cationic dye, from aqueous solution. A batch adsorption study was carried out with varied solution pH, adsorbent dosage, reaction time and initial NR concentration. The results show that the kinetics of dye removal by the spent cottonseed hull substrate (SCHS) is prompt in the first 5 min and the adsorption equilibrium can be attained after 240 min. The biosorption kinetics and equilibrium follow typical pseudo-second-order and Langmuir adsorption models. Thermodynamic parameters of Δ G°, Δ H° and Δ S° show that the adsorption is a spontaneous and endothermic process. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used for the characterization of possible dye–biosorbent interaction. This study provides a facile method to produce low-cost biosorbent for the purification of dye contaminated water.

Biosorption of Acid Black 172 and Congo Red from aqueous solution by nonviable Penicillium YW 01: Kinetic study, equilibrium isotherm and artificial neural network modeling

The main objective of this work was to investigate the biosorption performance of nonviable Penicillium YW 01 biomass for removal of Acid Black 172 metal-complex dye (AB) and Congo Red (CR) in solutions. Maximum biosorption capacities of 225.38 and 411.53 mg g(-1) under initial dye concentration of 800 mg L(-1), pH 3.0 and 40 °C conditions were observed for AB and CR, respectively. Biosorption data were successfully described with Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The Weber-Morris model analysis indicated that intraparticle diffusion was the limiting step for biosorption of AB and CR onto biosorbent. Analysis based on the artificial neural network and genetic algorithms hybrid model indicated that initial dye concentration and temperature appeared to be the most influential parameters for biosorption process of AB and CR onto biosorbent, respectively. Characterization of the biosorbent and possible dye-biosorbent interaction were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy.

Biosorption applications of modified fungal biomass for decolorization of Reactive Red 2 contaminated solutions: Batch and dynamic flow mode studies

Biosorption characteristics of a surfactant modified macro fungus were investigated for decolorization of Reactive Red 2 contaminated solutions. Better biosorption efficiency was obtained with a small amount of fungal biomass after modification process. Operating variables like pH, biomass amount, contact time, temperature, dye concentration, flow rate and column size were explored. The biosorption process followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models. Thermodynamic data confirm that the biosorption process is spontaneous and endothermic in nature. Under optimized batch conditions, up to 141.53 mg dye g −1 could be removed from solution in a relatively short time. Modification process was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy and zeta potential studies. Possible dye-biosorbent interactions were discussed. Good dynamic flow biosorption potential was observed for the suggested biosorbent in simulated wastewater. Overall, batch and continuous mode data suggest that this environmentally friendly and efficient biosorbent may be useful for the removal of reactive dyes from aqueous media.

Assessment of the biosorption characteristics of a macro-fungus for the decolorization of Acid Red 44 (AR44) dye

This study focuses on the possible use of macro-fungus Agaricus bisporus to remove Acid Red 44 dye from aqueous solutions. Batch equilibrium studies were carried out as a function of pH, biomass amount, contact time and temperature to determine the decolorization efficiency of biosorbent. The highest dye removal yield was achieved at pH 2.0. Equilibrium occurred within about 30 min. Biosorption data were successfully described by Langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The maximum monolayer biosorption capacity of biosorbent material was found as 1.19 × 10 −4 mol g −1. Thermodynamic parameters indicated that the biosorption of Acid Red 44 onto fungal biomass was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used for the characterization of possible dye–biosorbent interaction and surface structure of biosorbent, respectively. Finally the proposed biosorbent was successfully used for the decolorization of Acid Red 44 in synthetic wastewater conditions.

An attractive agro-industrial by-product in environmental cleanup: Dye biosorption potential of untreated olive pomace

This research deals with the evaluation of highly available and cost effective waste biomass of olive pomace for the removal of reactive textile dye, RR198 from aqueous medium and a real effluent. The experiments were conducted to assess the effects of process variables such as initial pH, biosorbent dosage, contact time, temperature and ionic strength. The results showed that the highest dye biosorption capacity was found at pH 2 and the needed time to reach the biosorption equilibrium was 40 min with a biosorbent concentration of 3.0 g L −1. The sorption kinetics of dye was best described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The equilibrium biosorption data were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm models and the results from the isotherm studies showed that the RR198 biosorption process occurred on a homogenous surface of the biosorbent. The waste biomass of olive oil industry displayed biosorption capacities ranging from 6.05 × 10 −5 to 1.08 × 10 −4 mol g −1 at different temperatures. The negative values of Δ G° and the positive value of Δ H° suggest that the biosorption process for RR198 was spontaneous and endothermic. Dye–biosorbent interactions were examined by FTIR and SEM analysis. Finally, high biosorption yield of olive waste for the removal of RR198 dye from real wastewater makes it possible that the olive pomace could be applied widely in wastewater treatment as biosorbent taking into account that no pretreatment on the solid residue is carried out.