Dyadic Correlation Research Articles

Fostering healthy relationships: A preliminary investigation of relationship education

AbstractRobust and healthy relationships are pivotal for overall well‐being and wellness. Social support, the reduction of stigma, and the cultivation of quality time are critical elements in establishing and nurturing a healthy relationship as they bolster emotional well‐being, enhance communication, and alleviate stress. The aim of this research study was to investigate the associations between quality time, social support, and self‐stigma among couples (N = 518 dyads) engaged in a randomized controlled relationship education intervention, whether online or face to face. Longitudinal Actor–Partner Interdependence Models (L‐APIM) were employed to investigate the dyadic correlations and the influence of the intervention's modality on the three outcomes observed at the 1‐month postintervention follow‐up. Results indicated that individuals tend to exhibit consistent perceptions of quality time, social support, self‐stigma related to help‐seeking, and threats to self‐confidence regarding help‐seeking, both at baseline and the subsequent 1‐month follow‐up. Results and implications are discussed.

Untying the Gordian Knot: Process, Reality, and Context

Untying the Gordian Knot: Process, Reality, and Context

Correlates of Substance Misuse, Transactional Sex, and Depressive Symptomatology Among Partnered Gay, Bisexual and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men in South Africa and Namibia

Despite having some of the world's highest rates of HIV, there is a lack of knowledge on correlates of transmission risk among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men in Southern Africa. There is even less known about the factors that shape HIV risk in male-male couples. Using data from Together Tomorrow, a study of partnered GBMSM in South Africa and Namibia, this study assessed the individual and dyadic correlates of three major HIV risk factors in this population: substance misuse, transactional sex, and depressive symptomatology. Data were collected during November 2016-March 2017 via a quantitative survey conducted with 140 partnered MSM (70 couples) in Windohoek, Keetmanshoop, Walvis Bay, and Swakopmund, Namibia and 300 partnered MSM (150 couples) in Pietermaritzburg and Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa for a total sample size of 440 partnered MSM (220 couples). Results of multilevel modeling analyses show several significant factors present in partnered GBMSM that differ from studies of single GBMSM, with intimate partner violence being a significant correlate across all three risk factors. Future interventions should consider dyadic approaches and integrate IPV prevention and mitigation efforts to reduce HIV in this population as part of a multisectoral approach. To reduce rates of HIV in partnered GBMSM in Namibia and South Africa multilevel, multisectoral work is needed in policy, social norms change, and relationship-focused dyadic interventions to reduce the social and structural stigma facing male couples.

Intergenerational Value Similarity and Subjective Well-Being

This investigation concentrates on the association of intergenerational value similarity and adult children’s and parents’ subjective well-being, on the linkage between relationship quality and subjective well-being. Mediation effects of the relationship quality on the associations between value similarity and subjective well-being were focused. The sample consisted of 600 adult German children (53.8% women) and their parents. Dyadic correlations were constructed to determine the value similarity. In this study, the general value orientation and the family values were objects of research. We measured the subjective well-being with the Satisfaction with Life Scale and we used the Network of Relationships Inventory (NRI) to measure the relationship quality. Associations between subjective well-being and value similarity, and between subjective well-being and relationship quality, as well as mediation effects, were found. All effects depend on gender and perspective.

Dyadic correlates of the perpetration of psychological aggression among intimate partners.

Dyadic correlates of the perpetration of psychological aggression among intimate partners.

Parent-child neural synchrony: a novel approach to elucidating dyadic correlates of preschool irritability.

Research to date has largely conceptualized irritability in terms of intraindividual differences. However, the role of interpersonal dyadic processes has received little consideration. Nevertheless, difficulties in how parent-child dyads synchronize during interactions may be an important correlate of irritably in early childhood. Innovations in developmentally sensitive neuroimaging methods now enable the use of measures of neural synchrony to quantify synchronous responses in parent-child dyads and can help clarify the neural underpinnings of these difficulties. We introduce the Disruptive Behavior Diagnostic Observation Schedule: Biological Synchrony (DB-DOS:BioSync) as a paradigm for exploring parent-child neural synchrony as a potential biological mechanism for interpersonal difficulties in preschool psychopathology. Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) 4- to 5-year-olds (N=116) and their mothers completed the DB-DOS:BioSync while assessing neural synchrony during mild frustration and recovery. Child irritability was measured using a latent irritability factor that was calculated from four developmentally sensitive indicators. Both the mild frustration and the recovery contexts resulted in neural synchrony. However, less neural synchrony during the recovery context only was associated with more child irritability. Our results suggest that recovering after a frustrating period might be particularly challenging for children high in irritability and offer support for the use of the DB-DOS:BioSync task to elucidate interpersonal neural mechanisms of developmental psychopathology.

Transmitting Sport Values: The Importance of Parental Involvement in Children's Sport Activity.

The transmission of positive values between parents and children is generally considered to be the hallmark of successful socialization. As this issue has been widely discussed but surprisingly little researched - especially with reference to core sport values - in this study we aimed to: 1) analyze adolescent athletes’ acceptance of the sport values their parents want to transmit to them (i.e., parental socialization values) and 2) examine the relationship between parental involvement in children’s sportive activity and adolescents’ acceptance of their parents’ socialization values. One hundred and seventy-two Italian adolescents (48.3% male, 51.7% female) who regularly practice team sports were asked to fill out a questionnaire which included the Youth Sport Values Questionnaire – 2 and the Parental Involvement in Sport Questionnaire. The dyadic correlations revealed that young athletes are in general willing to accept their parents’ socialization values in regards to sport. Moreover, from the relative weight analysis (a relatively new data analysis strategy), it emerged that parental involvement characterized by praise and understanding is the most important predictor of adolescents’ willingness to accept their parents’ sport values. Implications of these results and further expansion of the study are discussed.

Drug users' willingness to encourage social, sexual, and drug network members to receive an HIV vaccine: a social network analysis.

This study examined feasibility of peer-based promotion of HIV vaccination and dyadic correlates to vaccine encouragement in risk- and non-risk networks of drug users (n=433) in the US. Data were collected on HIV vaccine attitudes, risk compensation intentions, likelihood of encouraging vaccination, and recent (past 6months) risk (i.e. involving sex and/or injecting drugs) and non-risk (i.e. involving co-usage of noninjected drugs and/or social support) relationships. Willingness to encourage HIV vaccination was reported in 521 and 555 risk- and non-risk relationships, respectively. However, 37% expressed hesitancy, typically due to fear of side effects or social concerns. Encouragement was often motivated by perceived HIV risk, though 9% were motivated by risk compensation intentions. In non-risk partnerships, encouragement was associated with drug co-usage, and in risk relationships, with perceived vaccine acceptability and encouragement by the partner. Network-based HIV vaccine promotion may be a successful strategy, but risk compensation intentions should be explored.

Is Selectivity an Aphrodisiac?

In a recent article, Eastwick, Finkel, Mochon, and Ariely (2007) reported data to indicate that selectivity might be an important factor in determining romantic desire. Using a speed-dating paradigm, they found that individuals who, on average, rated potential dates as highly desirable were likely to receive lower average ratings from their dates, as evidenced by what they termed as negative generalized correlations. However, the dyadic correlations were positive, suggesting that, across pairs, desire was somewhat reciprocated. Eastwick et al. go as far as to claim that “... daters somehow broadcast their unselectivity... " (page 318), which we find to be a deeply dissatisfying explanation. We present an alternative and more principled approach in order to account for the disassociation between the generalized and dyadic correlations. We implemented a multi-agent model that allows an assessment of the relative contributions of selectivity and matching on ratings of attractiveness. The model suggests that the match between potential daters' attractiveness is the most important predictor of romantic desire. We believe that Eastwick et al's (2007) article is just another example of a dangerous pattern in social psychology research: spectacular claims are made on the flimsiest of evidence.

Implementation of dyadic correlation and autocorrelation on graphics processors

The convolution and related operators of correlation and autocorrelation are essential and powerful mathematical tools in machine learning, signal processing, systems theory, and related areas. In particular, representation and handling of systems with binary encoded input and output signals requires intensive computation of the correlation and autocorrelation functions which are defined on the finite dyadic groups as the underlying algebraic structure. This paper presents methods for computing the dyadic correlation and autocorrelation functions on graphics processing units (GPUs). The proposed algorithms are based on the convolution and the Wiener–Khinchin theorems and implemented using the Open Computing Language (OpenCL). We address several key issues in developing an efficient mapping of the computations to the GPU architecture. The experimental results confirm that the application of the proposed method leads to significant computational speedups over traditional C/C++ implementations processed on central processing units (CPUs).

Mother and Adolescent Reports of Associations Between Child Behavior Problems and Mother-Child Relationship Qualities: Separating Shared Variance from Individual Variance

This study contrasts results from different correlational methods for examining links between mother and child (N = 72 dyads) reports of early adolescent (M = 11.5 years) behavior problems and relationship negativity and support. Simple (Pearson) correlations revealed a consistent pattern of statistically significant associations, regardless of whether scores came from the same reporter or from different reporters. When correlations between behavior problems and relationship quality differed, within-reporter correlations were always greater in magnitude than between-reporter correlations. Dyadic (common fate) analyses designed for interdependent data decomposed within-reporter correlations into variance shared across reporters (dyadic correlations) and variance unique to specific reporters (individual correlations). Dyadic correlations were responsible for most associations between adolescent behavior problems and relationship negativity; after partitioning variance shared across reporters, no individual correlations emerged as statistically significant. In contrast, adolescent behavior problems were linked to relationship support via both shared variance and variance unique to maternal perceptions. Dyadic analyses provide a parsimonious alternative to multiple contrasts in instances when identical measures have been collected from multiple reporters. Findings from these analyses indicate that same-reporter variance bias should not be assumed in the absence of dyadic statistical analyses.

Research on perfect dyadic binary sequence pair

In this paper, the perfect dyadic binary sequence pair with one-value dyadic correlation functions is presented. That is, the perfect dyadic binary sequence pair is a perfect discrete signal, for its dyadic relative function is δ-function. The transformation features and some existing admissibility conditions of perfect dyadic binary sequence pair are discussed, and the properties for this kind of code in Walsh transformation spectrum and weight spectrum are also analyzed. From above, It is found that the perfect dyadic binary sequence pair can easily differentiate from its dyadic shifting. So these good signals can used in engineering as synchronization code, multi-user code and so on.

Dyadic agreement on the MMPI-2

Abstract Research in behavior genetics has documented assortative mating with respect to physical, demographic, sociocultural, and personality variables. The present study examined patterns of dyadic similarity on personality characteristics reflected on MMPI-2 items and scales in a sample of 982 couples. MMPI-2 scales with high dyadic correlations appear to entail the following broad domains: attitudes about substance use (MMPI-2 scales AAS, APS, and MAC-R), domestic satisfaction (MSD, FAM, and Pd), and mistrust (ASP, CYN, and Re). Principal components analysis of a matrix of 60 items possessing strong dyadic correlations revealed nine underlying dimensions: Cynical Mistrust, Substance Abuse, Domestic Dissatisfaction, Sensation-Seeking, Financial Worry, Stereotypic Masculinity, Self-Confidence, Piety, and Deviant Ideation. Years of acquaintance did not moderate dyadic similarity. Couples receiving counseling demonstrated less dyadic similarity than couples not in counseling.

Information encryption through dyadic permutations

Dyadic displacements of an image can be interpreted as a special type of permutations of its pixel addresses. Owing to this property, they can be used to encrypt the information contained in the pictures without information loss or damage. The information recovery can be performed successfully by using dyadic correlations.

Mothering under pressure: Environmental, child, and dyadic correlates of maternal self-efficacy among low-income women.

Mothering under pressure: Environmental, child, and dyadic correlates of maternal self-efficacy among low-income women.

Mothering under pressure: Environmental, child, and dyadic correlates of maternal self-efficacy among low-income women.

In this study, the authors examine environmental, child, and dyadic correlates of mothers' perceptions of parenting self-efficacy among a group of women raising toddlers in an urban area of concentrated poverty (N = 44). Findings suggest that women's self-efficacy is inversely related to the number of environmental risks and to child's temperamental difficulty. Although observed measures of dyadic conflict were not directly related to women's ratings of self-efficacy, hierarchical regression analysis indicated that mother-toddler conflict served as a moderator. Specifically, higher maternal self-efficacy was associated with fewer risks for women experiencing higher levels of conflict. For mothers experiencing lower levels of conflict with their children, maternal self-efficacy was inversely associated with child's temperamental difficulty.

Value Orientations in Heterosexual Relationships

It is often suggested that men and women have divergent orientations toward love relationships. A questionnaire study of 130 university students demonstrated that their values about romantic relationships comprise two distinct, orthogonal dimensions reflecting concerns with intimacy and with independence. However, results challenge the stereotype that whereas women are more concerned with close-knit attachments, men are more eager to maintain personal autonomy. In actuality, no sex differences were found in attachment values, and women gave significantly more importance than did men to equal sharing and maintaining their personal autonomy. Also examined were individual and dyadic correlates of these value dimensions. Results suggest that dimensions of attachment and egalitarian autonomy provide a useful way to conceptualize individual differences in orientations toward love relationships.

COMMUNICATION NETWORKS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS An Expansion Of Uncertainty Reduction Theory

This study sought to expand uncertainty reduction theory (Berger & Calabrese, 1975) by exploring network and dyadic correlates of uncertainty and stability in premarital romantic relationships. Respondents completed questionnaires and participated in telephone interviews three months later. Results generally showed that respondents experienced less uncertainty about their romantic partners and were less likely to break up when they communicated more often with their partners' family and friends, received greater support for their romantic relationship from family and friends, communicated more often with their partners, and perceived greater similarity to their partners. Uncertainty combined with the other variables to predict break ups over the three-month period with almost 90% accuracy. However, the presence of collinear lies, the global focus of the study, and the inadequate data base for longitudinal analysis placed several limitations on the findings. These limitations are discussed in terms of the need for more specific research and further theoretical development.

Reciprocity of Interpersonal Attraction: A Confirmed Hypothesis

An increase in reciprocity of interpersonal attraction during the early acquaintance period followed by continuing social reciprocity are common sense propositions that are central principles of several social psychological theories. However, there is little empirical evidence of increasing reciprocity of interpersonal attraction over time. There are two potential reasons for this failure to find reciprocity over time. First, the reciprocity correlation contains a mixture of two correlations: reciprocity at the individual level and reciprocity at the dyadic level. Second, physical proximity may affect reciprocity, particularly during early acquaintance. The two reciprocity correlations and effects of physical proximity can be estimated from a round robin design. Correlations computed by taking all possible dyads measured at five time points show weak reciprocity effects with a decrease across the five time points. The individual level correlations were small while the dyadic correlations were positive. Partialling out roommate effects from the dyadic correlation enhances increasing reciprocity over time. Thus, reciprocity of attraction does increase over time when one accounts for two different levels of analysis and controls for roommate effects.

Identification of voltera kernels of a class of nonlinear systems by walsh function techniques

This paper discusses the identification problem for a class of nonlinear systems. A member of this class may be represented by a single-valued power-law type nonlinearity preceded and succeeded by linear dyadic invariant systems. Such an arrangement allows for a Voltera functional series representation. The identification problem is then concerned with the specification of the associated Voltera kernels. Two approaches are presented for dealing with this problem. Both approaches are, however, based on Walsh function techniques. The first approach relies on direct output measurements when the input is a Walsh function. This approach is suitable for a deterministic case. The second approach assumes ergodic processes for the input. Based on measurements drawn from an input-output dyadic correlation function, determination of the Voltera kernels is made.