Dyadic Comparison Research Articles

Understanding critical risks of business process outsourcing from the vendor perspective: A dyadic comparison Delphi study

Business process outsourcing (BPO) enables organizations to enhance operational capability, shorten response time, and gain strategic value. Yet, BPO risks are real and BPO initiatives can and do go awry. While prior research has attempted to understand BPO risks from the client perspective, the critical risks of BPO from the vendor perspective (and how they differ from those of the client perspective) are not well understood. By using the Delphi method, this study identifies and ranks BPO risk factors from the perspective of vendors as well as clients (for comparison purposes) across two countries. We identify a list of 68 BPO risk factors perceived by vendors and clients and top-ranked risk factors perceived by vendors. We categorize these factors into six risk dimensions (i.e., organizational environment, client, complexity, contract, execution, and vendor). Our findings indicate that vendors are concerned about not only the risks that influence their own business, but also those that may impact the business of clients. However, vendors focus more on client and execution risks, whereas clients focus more on vendor and organizational environment risks. Our research contributes to the existing literature by not only investigating the top-ranked risks from the perspective of vendors, but also revealing the similarities and differences in the perceptions of vendors and clients with respect to BPO risk. Our research also has practical utility for BPO vendors and clients.

Personality similarity predicts synchronous neural responses in fMRI and EEG data

Successful communication and cooperation among different members of society depends, in part, on a consistent understanding of the physical and social world. What drives this alignment in perspectives? We present evidence from two neuroimaging studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI; N = 66 with 2145 dyadic comparisons) and electroencephalography (EEG; N = 225 with 25,200 dyadic comparisons) to show that: (1) the extent to which people’s neural responses are synchronized when viewing naturalistic stimuli is related to their personality profiles, and (2) that this effect is stronger than that of similarity in gender, ethnicity and political affiliation. The localization of the fMRI results in combination with the additional eye tracking analyses suggest that the relationship between personality similarity and neural synchrony likely reflects alignment in the interpretation of stimuli and not alignment in overt visual attention. Together, the findings suggest that similarity in psychological dispositions aligns people’s reality via shared interpretations of the external world.

Comparisons draw us close: The influence of leader‐member exchange dyadic comparison on coworker exchange

AbstractMembers compare their differential leader‐member exchanges (LMXs) to understand the triadic relationship (Member A, Member B, and their common leader); this will affect how members interact. Prior research based on balance theory assumes that the two members have a consensus on the structure of the triadic relationship, to argue that when Member A perceives their LMX to be lower than that of Member B, such an LMX imbalance would drive Member A to interact negatively with Member B. Comparison of LMX, however, reflects one's subjective perception, which may not be shared by the other. Therefore, we draw on social comparison theory to examine both members’ comparisons of LMX simultaneously and suggest that when they both perceive the other's LMX as better than their own, they may engage more in affiliative behaviors and develop a higher‐quality coworker exchange (CWX). The results of two studies consistently supported these hypotheses. This research extends our understanding of LMX in triadic relations and demonstrates that mismatched perceptions of LMX dyadic comparison between two members (i.e., both perceive an LMX imbalance) could motivate members to develop a positive relationship.

Special Issue No. – 10, June, 2020 Journal > Special Issue > Special Issue No. – 10, June, 2020 > Page 5 “Quantative Methods in Modern Science” organized by Academic Paper Ltd, Russia MORPHOLOGICAL AND ANATOMICAL FEATURES OF THE GENUS GAGEA SALISB., GROWING IN THE EAST KAZAKHSTAN REGION Authors: Zhamal T. Igissinova,Almash A. Kitapbayeva,Anargul S. Sharipkhanova,Alexander L. Vorobyev,Svetlana F. Kolosova,Zhanat

Special Issue No. – 10, June, 2020 Journal > Special Issue > Special Issue No. – 10, June, 2020 > Page 5 “Quantative Methods in Modern Science” organized by Academic Paper Ltd, Russia MORPHOLOGICAL AND ANATOMICAL FEATURES OF THE GENUS GAGEA SALISB., GROWING IN THE EAST KAZAKHSTAN REGION Authors: Zhamal T. Igissinova,Almash A. Kitapbayeva,Anargul S. Sharipkhanova,Alexander L. Vorobyev,Svetlana F. Kolosova,Zhanat

A sense of security in palliative homecare in a Norwegian municipality; dyadic comparisons of the perceptions of patients and relatives - a quantitative study

BackgroundAs palliative care increasingly takes place in patients’ homes, perceptions of security among patients in the late palliative phase and their relatives are important.AimTo describe and compare patient-relative dyads regarding their perceptions of security in palliative homecare, including the perceived security of the actual care given to the patients, as well as the subjective importance of that care.MethodsA cross sectional questionnaire study including 32 patient-relative dyads was conducted in an urban municipality in Norway. Patients were in a late palliative phase and received palliative homecare. Each patient proposed one relative. Data were collected using a modified version of the Quality from the Patients’ Perspective instrument (QPP), which focuses on security and comprises three dimensions: medical-technical competence, identity-orientation approach and physical-technical conditions. Context-specific scales containing four aspects (competence, continuity, coordination/cooperation, availability) were added. The instrument contains two response scales; perceived reality (PR) and subjective importance (SI). Data were analysed by descriptive statistics, Chi-squared test, T-test and Wilcoxon’s signed rank test.ResultsPatients had high mean scores on the PR-scale for the sense of security in palliative homecare in the dimensions of medical-technical competence and physical-technical conditions. There were three low mean scores on the PR-scale: the aspect of continuity from patients and the aspects of continuity and coordination/cooperation from relatives.The patients scored the SI scale statistically significantly higher than the PR scale in the identity-orientation approach dimension and in the aspect of continuity, while relatives did so in all dimensions and aspects.The intra-dyadic patient-relative comparisons show statistically significant lower scores from relatives on the PR-scale in the dimensions of medical-technical competence, physical-technical conditions, identity-orientation approach and the aspect coordination/cooperation.ConclusionsThere are several statistically significant differences between patients and relatives’ perceptions of security in the palliative homecare received (PR) compared with the subjective importance of the care (SI) and statistically significant differences in the patient-relative dyads in PR. A relatively mutual sense of security in palliative homecare is important for patient-relative dyads, as relatives often provide care and act as patients’ spokespersons. What they assess as important can guide the development of palliative homecare.

Identity Hierarchies of Academic Entrepreneurs: Moving Beyond Dyadic Comparisons

Individuals have multiple identities that may be arranged in hierarchies of subjective importance. Although the concept of identity hierarchies has been recognized in the literature, scholars have ...

The Theory of Dyadic Morality: Reinventing Moral Judgment by Redefining Harm

The nature of harm—and therefore moral judgment—may be misunderstood. Rather than an objective matter of reason, we argue that harm should be redefined as an intuitively perceived continuum. This redefinition provides a new understanding of moral content and mechanism—the constructionist Theory of Dyadic Morality (TDM). TDM suggests that acts are condemned proportional to three elements: norm violations, negative affect, and—importantly—perceived harm. This harm is dyadic, involving an intentional agent causing damage to a vulnerable patient (A→P). TDM predicts causal links both from harm to immorality (dyadic comparison) and from immorality to harm (dyadic completion). Together, these two processes make the “dyadic loop,” explaining moral acquisition and polarization. TDM argues against intuitive harmless wrongs and modular “foundations,” but embraces moral pluralism through varieties of values and the flexibility of perceived harm. Dyadic morality impacts understandings of moral character, moral emotion, and political/cultural differences, and provides research guidelines for moral psychology.

Attachment and Negative Relational Maintenance: Dyadic Comparisons Using an Actor-Partner Interdependence Model

This study used attachment theory to examine romantic partners’ use of negative behaviors to maintain their relationships. Romantic couples (N = 227 dyads) completed self-reports of their attachment styles and use of negative relational maintenance behaviors. Actor-partner interdependence models provided dyadic results: (a) having a secure attachment produced inverse actor effects for all negative maintenance behaviors except avoidance, and inverse partner effects for allowing control and infidelity; (b) having a preoccupied or a fearful attachment produced positive actor effects for all negative maintenance behaviors and positive partner effects for allowing control; and (c) having a dismissive attachment produced positive actor effects for jealousy induction, avoidance, infidelity, and destructive conflict, and positive partner effects for jealousy induction, spying, and allowing control.

Combining AHP and TOPSIS method for logistics hub selection

The purpose of this paper is to propose a methodology to help identify country-level logistics hub (Thailand, Lao PDR and Vietnam) along the East-West Economic Corridor (EWEC) using two mathematical methods. Phase 1 identified five main factors impacting logistics hub selection that are derived from the literature studies. These factors are trade volume, infrastructure, institutional framework, service providers, shippers and consignees. Phase 2 utilises the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method to define weight for each criterion. Experts in related fields were interviewed in order to make dyadic comparisons. Phase 3 focussed on the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution method to rate alternatives by assigning weights defined through AHP and by calculating which alternative is the nearest to the ideal solution. The findings conclude that Thailand, particularly thanks to its large trade volume, is the best country to be considered as a logistics hub for the EWEC.

The Unifying Moral Dyad: Liberals and Conservatives Share the Same Harm-Based Moral Template.

Do moral disagreements regarding specific issues (e.g., patriotism, chastity) reflect deep cognitive differences (i.e., distinct cognitive mechanisms) between liberals and conservatives? Dyadic morality suggests that the answer is "no." Despite moral diversity, we reveal that moral cognition--in both liberals and conservatives--is rooted in a harm-based template. A dyadic template suggests that harm should be central within moral cognition, an idea tested--and confirmed--through six specific hypotheses. Studies suggest that moral judgment occurs via dyadic comparison, in which counter-normative acts are compared with a prototype of harm. Dyadic comparison explains why harm is the most accessible and important of moral content, why harm organizes--and overlaps with--diverse moral content, and why harm best translates across moral content. Dyadic morality suggests that various moral content (e.g., loyalty, purity) are varieties of perceived harm and that past research has substantially exaggerated moral differences between liberals and conservatives.

A Dyadic Investigation of Collaborative Competence, Social Capital, and Performance in Buyer–Supplier Relationships

As supply chains become increasingly complex, the management of buyer–supplier relationships is essential for achieving superior performance. To enhance external collaborative relationships, many firms are investing in the development of internal relationship management skills. We propose that the development of internal collaborative process competence (CPC) is an important component for improving external collaborative relationships through the creation of social capital. Our research examines the potential for social capital, which is modeled as a second‐order factor consisting of structural, cognitive, and relational capital, to mediate the relationship between CPC and operational performance. Our findings provide insights as to whether internal competence alone is sufficient for improving the operational performance of the relationship. Based on a dyadic comparison of buyers and suppliers, we find that investment in internal CPC without building external social capital does not lead to any improvement in operational performance. However, investment in CPC is beneficial in cases where buyers and suppliers have also built a high level of social capital, which, in turn, leads to desired operational performance for the relationship.

Chinese comparatives and their implicational parameters

This paper argues that superiority comparatives in Mandarin Chinese are all phrasal comparatives that can be directly interpreted, and makes a new suggestion of taking the bǐ-phrase (‘compare-phrase’) to be an adjunct and one constituent, but with bǐ-shells. This syntactic analysis allows one to combine into one phrase various compared constituents that would otherwise not be analyzed as forming a phrase by themselves. Semantically, in extension of work by Heim as well as Bhatt and Takahashi, bǐ is taken to compare two sequences of arguments of a gradable predicate along the dimension given by that predicate. It is also suggested that comparatives across languages may be subject to three parameters: (i) argument-dependent comparison vs. non-argument dependent comparison, (ii) phrasal comparison vs. clausal comparison, and (iii) monoadic comparison vs. dyadic comparison.

Multidimensional scaling and perceptual features: Reflections of stimulus processing or long‐term memory prototypes?

Many researchers have obtained information on phonetic perception by using various multidimensional scaling (MDS) procedures to discover underlying perceptual dimensions. Such dimensions are usually characterized in terms of the acoustic characteristics of the stimuli and have been interpreted as representing factors used to identify vowel (or consonant) quality in phonetic perception. However, several studies suggest that such dimensions may reflect properties of the vowel's long‐term memory prototype rather than the actual acoustic nature of the stimuli. For example, MDS studies commonly find no features reflecting dynamic acoustic information [e.g., R. Fox, Lang. Speech 26, 21–60 (1983)] and one study [B. Rakerd, J. Acout. Soc. Am. Suppl. 1 73, S54 (1983)] found that similar perceptual features were extracted when Ss either heard or imagined remembered) stimulus tokens. To investigate this issue an experiment was designed to determine the extent to which slight acoustic variation in a subset of the synthetic vowels presented to Ss for scaling would produce differences in perceived perceptual distance estimates. Results suggest that Ss are sensitive to relatively small acoustic differences while making dyadic comparisons even when there is no concomitant phonemic quality variation or specific instructions expect such variations. It will be argued that such results suggest that MDS procedures do tap lower‐level perceptual processes and do not merely reflect long‐term memory prototypes.

Individual variation in the perception of vowels: implications for a perception-production link.

A scaling experiment using dyadic comparisons of vowel pairs was performed to determine if significant perceptual variation existed on an individual level and whether such variation could be correlated with differences among subjects in their production of vowels. Subjects were required to scale six separate sets of vowel stimuli. Each stimulus set consisted of the 36 possible dyads from the vowel set /(see formula text)/. Analysis of the resulting data indicated that significant individual perceptual variation was present which could be seen as a function of perceptual structure differences between the subjects and not merely error variance. In addition, such variations were related to aspects of each subject's acoustic vowel space - indicators of tongue height and advancement during vowel articulation. These results were interpreted as suggesting a link between perception and production.