Dutch Army Research Articles

Long-term trajectories of depressive symptoms in deployed military personnel: A 10-year prospective study

BackgroundMilitary missions, especially those involving combat exposure, are associated with an increased risk of depression. Understanding the long-term course of depressive symptoms post-deployment is important to improve decision-making regarding deployment and mental health policies in the military. This study investigates trajectories of depressive symptoms in the Dutch army, exploring the influence of factors such as demographics, early-life trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and deployment stressors. MethodsA cohort of 1032 military men and women deployed to Afghanistan (2005–2008) was studied from pre- to 10 years post-deployment. Depressive and PTSD symptoms were assessed using the Symptom CheckList-90 and the Self-Rating Inventory for PTSD. Demographics, early trauma, and deployment experiences were collected at baseline and after deployment, respectively. Latent Class Growth Analysis was used to explore heterogeneity in trajectories of depressive symptoms over time. ResultsFour trajectories were found: resilient (65%), intermediate-stable (20%), symptomatic-chronic (9%), and late-onset-increasing (6%). The resilient group experienced fewer deployment stressors, while the symptomatic-chronic group reported more early life traumas. Trajectories with elevated depressive symptoms consistently demonstrated higher PTSD symptoms. LimitationsPotential nonresponse bias and missing information due to the longitudinal design and extensive follow-up times. ConclusionsThis study identified multiple trajectories of depressive symptoms in military personnel up to 10 years post-deployment, associated with early trauma, deployment stressors, adverse life events and PTSD symptoms. The prevalence of the resilient trajectory suggests a substantial level of resilience among deployed military personnel. These findings provide valuable insights and a foundation for further research.

Fashioning Cultural Representations: Pioneer Colonial Explorers and Dutch Borneo’s Gentle Headhunters

Photographic images of interior Dutch Borneo’s nature and, more particularly, her peoples and cultures are examined as they were produced and used around the turn of the twentieth century, from their creation in the context of pioneer exploration across the island to their presentation and display, in various forms, for consumption by the general public back in Europe. A young Dutch army medical officer, later university professor, Anton Nieuwenhuis, a talented Indo military topographer and photographer, Jean Demmeni, and an elderly Norwegian professional explorer, Carl Lumholtz: These three major, yet quite different, players of the “there and then” scene strongly contributed, each in his own way, through the combined power of their visual and textual testimonies, to the shaping of affirmative representations, ideas, and imageries among their home public about Borneo and the peoples of her hinterland, these independent Dayak tribes, which had long been suffering from prejudiced reports, disrepute, and outright ignominy.

Captain Wardiman's Way of Fighting the Dutch

We traced the life of Captain Wardiman which has not been much discussed in Indonesian historical research. Captain Wardiman was one of the leading Javanese officers in the Dutch East Indies era. He is actually an interesting figure in the history of Indonesians in the Dutch East Indies colonial army. Captain Wardiman was considered brilliant in suppressing the East Kalimantan SI Pasir rebellion. He actually left Dutch military service when his income was high. He wanted to be a soldier again when Indonesia faced the Dutch army.
 Keywords: Captain Wardiman’s, figthting, Dutch

Innovating Algorithmic Warfare: Experimentation with Information Manoeuvre beyond the Boundaries of the Law

ABSTRACT This article analyses how algorithmic innovation in contemporary warfare unfolds through new alliances and contestations among civil and military actors in the face of an overarching rhetoric around the need to lead in “information manoeuvre”. Drawing on assemblage thinking and applying it to the case of the Land Information Manoeuvre Centre (LIMC)—a data centre founded by the Dutch Army that unlawfully tracked and algorithmically predicted its citizen’s sentiment and behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic—the authors identify three logics that held this centre together and helped ward off critique: entrepreneurialism, informality, and experimentation. Emulating innovation practices elsewhere, together, these logics have important political repercussions beyond the Dutch case, pushing the expansion of military surveillance, pattern-finding and targeting, while undermining the rule of law and democratic accountability within algorithmic warfare.

The reconstruction of palupuh: The story of the natuurmonument and defense base in 1948

Palupuh had an important role in the past. Because the area, which was part of the Oud Agam Sumatra Westkust during the Dutch colonial era, was once designated by the government as a natuurmonument or forest conservation area. During the emergency government of the Indonesian republic (PDRI), it was once an important part of the defense of the mobilie brigade or mobbrig, and the ranks of the people from the onslaught of the Dutch army. In principle, this article aims to explain how Palupuh was before independence and the importance of this area for the defense base in 1948-1949. This article is organized in accordance with historical methods, namely heuristics, criticism, interpretation and historiography. The research findings show that during 1948-1949, when the Dutch bombarded Bukittinggi, the mobilie brigade moved its defense base several times. The final choice was Palupuh, which was a defense base in protecting Pasaman, which is in the north and Luhak Limopuluah Koto in the south. The mobrig troops and the nagari or kota defense line (BPNK) heroically guarded the defense bases to the north and south.

THEODOR POSEWITZ AND HIS BORNEO (1889) – THE FIRST GEOLOGICAL MONOGRAPH OF THE ISLAND

ABSTRACT Theodor Posewitz (1850–1917), a Hungarian medical doctor and geologist, spent five years in the Dutch East Indies between 1880 and 1885, serving the colonial Dutch army. He spent time on Java, Borneo, Bangka and Billiton islands. He dedicated his spare time to geological exploration. About eighty of his geological studies appeared in geological and geographical journals. His chief work, the first monograph on the geology of Borneo, including geological and mineral resources maps, was published in German in 1889 and in English in 1892. Early years of his studies and the results of his five-year stay in Asia are discussed, based on archival records. The background for the book, Borneo, and its significance for contemporary and modern science is outlined.

Cultural Reserve of "Siak" Dutch Prison As a Learning Resources of Local History

The State Palace of Siak Sri Indrapura, indeed has a lot of priceless cultural heritage objects as a reflection of the glorious history of Malay in the past. In addition to palace relics, there are other historical sites that have no less high historical value, such as the Syahbuddin Mosque, the Tomb of King Kecik, and the Dutch Barracks and many others. The Dutch colonial in historical records as one of the western nations that colonized Indonesia for quite a long time. It is undeniable that the Malay kingdom centered in Siak Sri Indrapura was also the territory of the Dutch at that time. Evidence of the position of the Dutch in the Malay Archipelago is the establishment of a Dutch military barracks located on Jalan Benteng Hulu, Mempura District, Siak Regency. The location of this Dutch barracks is right across from the center of the Siak Sri Indrapura Kingdom which is only separated by the Siak river. Prison is a term for a Dutch building complex whose function was as a place of protection and defense for the Dutch army. In the barracks there are several types of buildings consisting of dormitories, offices, armory, logistics and prisons. Inside the barracks there is also a prison with a size of 2-3 meters with a capacity of 4-8 people, to detain Indigenous people, especially the people of Siak who are against and disobedient to the Dutch Colonial. Now the Dutch prison not only functions as a cultural heritage but is also transformed into a beautiful tourist destination. Concerns began to arise, that in the future the community would only regard the Dutch barracks building as a mere symbol, without trying harder to be curious and learn more about the history behind the establishment of the building. Based on this, the authors are interested in this research as a learning resource of Local History with literacy study and data collection techniques used are observation, literature study and documentation through data analysis based on analysis and comparison of various existing data.

Cultural Reserve of "Siak" Dutch Prison As a Learning Resources of Local History

The State Palace of Siak Sri Indrapura, indeed has a lot of priceless cultural heritage objects as a reflection of the glorious history of Malay in the past. In addition to palace relics, there are other historical sites that have no less high historical value, such as the Syahbuddin Mosque, the Tomb of King Kecik, and the Dutch Barracks and many others. The Dutch colonial in historical records as one of the western nations that colonized Indonesia for quite a long time. It is undeniable that the Malay kingdom centered in Siak Sri Indrapura was also the territory of the Dutch at that time. Evidence of the position of the Dutch in the Malay Archipelago is the establishment of a Dutch military barracks located on Jalan Benteng Hulu, Mempura District, Siak Regency. The location of this Dutch barracks is right across from the center of the Siak Sri Indrapura Kingdom which is only separated by the Siak river. Prison is a term for a Dutch building complex whose function was as a place of protection and defense for the Dutch army. In the barracks there are several types of buildings consisting of dormitories, offices, armory, logistics and prisons. Inside the barracks there is also a prison with a size of 2-3 meters with a capacity of 4-8 people, to detain Indigenous people, especially the people of Siak who are against and disobedient to the Dutch Colonial. Now the Dutch prison not only functions as a cultural heritage but is also transformed into a beautiful tourist destination. Concerns began to arise, that in the future the community would only regard the Dutch barracks building as a mere symbol, without trying harder to be curious and learn more about the history behind the establishment of the building. Based on this, the authors are interested in this research as a learning resource of Local History with literacy study and data collection techniques used are observation, literature study and documentation through data analysis based on analysis and comparison of various existing data.

Banjarmasin: public health and social structure in 1877, as described by a Hungarian medical doctor and geologist

Theodor Posewitz, a Hungarian medical doctor and geologist (1850–1917) spent five years in the Dutch East Indies between 1880 and 1885, serving the colonial Dutch army. During his service assignments he spent all his free time with geological exploration, ultimately yielding the first geological map and monograph of Borneo. Being a citizen of Hungary, a country without any colonial aspirations, he was able to observe, investigate both nature and people of the region without relying to conventional prejudices of colonial officers. His description of Banjarmasin – published originally in Hungarian – is a prime example of objective, impartial, scientific description of land and people; a valuable source to the geography, public health and social structure of the town back in 1887. A list of scientific publications of Posewitz on the East Indies is added in the Appendix.

Hansel & Gretel and the Cyclops: Early Infrared Weapon Sights in the Dutch Army, 1946-1951

Conventional wisdom in the Netherlands holds that the Dutch military began developing night vision accessories for firearms in 1949. However, a discovery of technical drawings in the Dutch Nationaal Militair Museum (NMM) collection has recently revealed that a series of experiments were conducted with infrared viewers for firearms earlier in the 1940s. This discovery, as well as the Museum’s recent acquisition of a Dutch carbine fitted with a first-generation infrared telescopic sight, has spurred this author’s investigation into the history of infrared rifle sight development in the Netherlands. With evocative code names like ‘Hansel & Gretel’ and ‘Cyclops’, Dutch military development of infrared weapon sights included some novel approaches. A wealth of new material, recently rediscovered in Dutch archives, underpins the findings presented herein.

Het Herderlijk Schrijven van de Nederlandse Hervormde Kerk in 1941

The Pastoral Letter of the Dutch Reformed Church of 1941 The defeat of the Dutch army in 1940 was followed by five years of German occupation. As Dutch churches were not directly under control of the state, they retained the freedom to present their critical views to the occupier. This article analyses an early public request by the Dutch Reformed Church (DRC) to withdraw antisemitic policies, followed by a public declaration of its position under German occupation in the Summer of 1941. The DRC was well aware of the successes and failures of the German church struggle. Given this background, the General Synod developed a careful but critical attitude towards the German authorities.

PENGEMBANGAN KARAKTER MOBILE GAME PERANG PUPUTAN KLUNGKUNG

Combining culture and technology is one solution to digitizing an area's local wisdom. Technology is expected to be an educational medium for the younger generation to know the history and meaning of a historical story. The island of Bali has a lot of the previous history, one of which is about the Puputan Klungkung war. Based on the results of questionnaires to 40 respondents by simple random sampling, 77.5% of respondents did not know the history of the Klungkung puputan and its meaning. To maintain the history of the puputan war, it is necessary to introduce the next generation but keep abreast of technological developments so that the research aims to design a media in the form of a mobile game. This mobile game media was chosen because of its popularity in Indonesian society, both among children to adults, thus creating interest in playing media games. The game design adapts to the scheme of the design pattern by using simple, cultured, and informative concepts. This development resulted in the design of the character of the king of Klungkung and the Dutch army and the layout design of the game Puputan Klungkung.

1947년 아시아관계회의와 재일아시아민족회의

The task of this paper is to trace the activities of the Korean delegations who participated in the Asia Relations Conference in 1947 and to reveal the activities of the ‘Asian National Conference in Japan’ formed in Japan at the same time. At the Asia Relations Conference held from March to April 1947, three delegations from Korea participated. Although this was the first opportunity to participate in the international conference after World War II, the loss of legitimacy due to the arbitrary selection of delegations by the U.S. Military Government and the resignation of Yeo Woon-hyung and due to the delay in the arrival of the three delegations and the absence of the actual discussion, they failed to produce results.BRMeanwhile, in Japan, an attempt was made to respond to the Asian Relations Conference, which refers to the solidarity of Zainichi Asians. The Zainichi Koreans were at the center, and in solidarity with overseas Chinese and Southeast Asian ethnic groups, they held the Zainichi-Asian National Conference and organized the Zainichi-Asian National Committee. According to the resolution of the Asia Relations Conference, this committee decided to promote research on the development of Asia, and as a concrete activity, it had a solidarity to defend Indonesia’s independence, which was tense in July 1947 due to the attack by the Dutch army.

THE MUSHAF BAITURRAHMAN COD.OR.2064: HISTORICAL STUDIES AND ILLUMINATION

"Mushaf Baiturrahman Cod.Or.2064 (Historical Studies and Illumination)" is the title of this study. The declaration of the Dutch war against Aceh in 1873 had an impact on the people of Aceh, since it resulted in the deaths of Acehnese combatants and academics, as well as the destruction of evidence of Acehnese civilisation. One of these was the burning of the Baiturrahman Grand Mosque, which resulted in the scorching and loss of numerous manuscripts and manuscripts, some of which were even transported back to their homelands by foreign invaders. The Baiturrahman Mushaf is one of the manuscripts, and it is presently in the collection of Leiden University with the designation Cod.Or. 2064. The issue in this research is how the historical worth and illumination of the manuscripts are preserved. The aim of the article is to determine the historical significance of the Baiturrahman Cod.Or Mushaf. 2064, as well as the manuscript's existence at Leiden University. In addition, the goal of this work is to examine how the themes in the text illuminations are used. This is a qualitative study that employs library research data gathering methods, observations, and documentation, as well as descriptive analysis to examine data. According to the study, the Baiturrahman Cod.Or.2064 Mushaf was a manuscript discovered by JHA Ijseel de Schepper, a commander of the Dutch army, beside the body of an imam of the Baiturrahman Grand Mosque during the first Dutch military invasion in Aceh in 1873. This document has now been added to the library collection at Leiden University. The illumination in the Baiturrahman Cod.Or.2064 Mushaf may be found at the beginning, middle, and end of the Mushaf. This mushaf illumination motif, in general, follows the same patterns as other Acehnese manuscript illuminations, such as being square with a little "wing" form on the side. Bungong Pucuk Rebung, Lampu Gantung, Bungong Seuleupok, Bungong Tabu, Bungong Puta Taloe, Bungong Sagoe, Bungong Seumanga, Sulur Bunga Daun, Talo Ie, Sulur Bayung, Dada Limpeun, and Madu Sarang are some of the illumination patterns found on the Baiturrahman Cod.Or.2064 Mushaf.

Ethnic ‘Ferociousness’ in Colonial Wars

Abstract This article explores the myths and evidence surrounding extreme violence and the framing of ‘ethnic soldiers’ as loyal and indispensable Moluccan soldiers in the Dutch army in the Indonesian War of Independence, 1945–1949. In this article, we first interrogate the origins of this framing in the Dutch–Indonesian case and the type of sources underlying this perspective. Next, we present the results of our research, which combines a study of Dutch veterans’ ego documents and oral-history projects. Based on this analysis, we reconsider both the framing and the evidence, after which we conclude with some comparative observations on ‘ethnic soldiers’ and the sources and perspectives underlying the ambivalent, but increasingly critical, framing of these men. Our methodology includes the use of digital-humanities techniques.

Going Nuclear, but How? The Netherlands Army and Tactical Nuclear Warfare in Europe, 1953–1968

Abstract In the historiography of nuclear arms in the Cold War the political and military strategic levels are dominant; little attention has been paid to the sub-strategic levels. This is understandable, because most archival material has been destroyed or is still classified. However, it is also remarkable because tactical nuclear weapons (tnw) were a crucial element in nato strategies and because all nato forces had to prepare, down to the lowest levels, to fight a war by nuclear means. Based on previously unused archives, this article analyses how the Dutch army, as an army of a small nato-member state, adapted step by step to the nuclearisation of land warfare in the period 1953 to 1968. Which role were the tnw s assigned in the war plans? But also, how realistic would these plans have been, given the influence of (inter)national political developments, moral and psychological aspects, and military-technical and military-tactical issues?

Validation of ambulatory monitoring devices to measure energy expenditure and heart rate in a military setting

Objectives.To investigate the validity of different devices and algorithms used in military organizations worldwide to assess physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) and heart rate (HR) among soldiers. Design. Device validation study. Methods. Twenty-three male participants serving their mandatory military service accomplished, firstly, nine different military specific activities indoors, and secondly, a normal military routine outdoors. Participants wore simultaneously an ActiHeart, Everion, MetaMax 3B, Garmin Fenix 3, Hidalgo EQ02, and PADIS 2.0 system. The PAEE and HR data of each system were compared to the criterion measures MetaMax 3B and Hidalgo EQ02, respectively. Results. Overall, the recorded systematic errors in PAEE estimation ranged from 0.1 (±1.8) kcal.min−1 to −1.7 (±1.8) kcal.min−1 for the systems PADIS 2.0 and Hidalgo EQ02 running the Royal Dutch Army algorithm, respectively, and in the HR assessment ranged from −0.1 (±2.1) b.min−1 to 0.8 (±3.0) b.min−1 for the PADIS 2.0 and ActiHeart systems, respectively. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) in PAEE estimation ranged from 29.9% to 75.1%, with only the Everion system showing an overall MAPE <30%, but all investigated devices reported overall MAPE <1.4% in the HR assessment. Conclusions. The present study demonstrated poor to moderate validity in terms of PAEE estimation, but excellent validity in all investigated devices in terms of HR assessment. Overall, the Everion performed among the best in both parameters and with a device placement on the upper arm, the Everion system is particularly useful during military service, as it does not interfere with other relevant equipment.

The Rhetoric of Paintings: Balinese Painters, Dutch Colonists and the Question of Gender Relationships in 19th and Early 20th Century Bali

The present essay is about the interpretation of paintings and how an interest which Balinese painters display in gender relationships in the context of illustrations of ritual in their narrative works on the one hand, contrasts with strong expressions of Dutch disapproval of the despotic nature of the rule of Balinese kings and consequentially the unjust treatment of women in Balinese society on the other. With this in mind, the present paper first considers the representation of gender relationships in a number of Balinese paintings from the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and then turns to a discussion of the understanding of Balinese gender relationships of two members of Dutch colonial society in the Dutch East Indies, one a senior bureaucrat, Graaf C.W.S van Hogendorp and the other the protestant missionary R. van Eck. I discuss a play by Graaf C.W.S van Hogendorp, ‘Pièce de Circonstance sur la conquête de Bali 1846’, written to celebrate the victory of the Dutch army over the Kingdom of Buleleng in 1846 and an article about ‘Het Lot der Vrouw op Bali’ (‘The lot of the Balinese woman’), published in the journal Tijdschrift voor Indische Taal-, Land-, en Volkenkunde in 1872 by the protestant missionary R. van Eck.

The Dutch Uzi: Service Variants of the Army, Navy &amp; Air Force, 1957–1997

The well-known Israeli Uzi sub-machine gun saw service with the Dutch Armed Forces between 1957 and 1997. Other than the Israel Defense Forces, the Netherlands were the first nation to adopt this weapon for their conventional military forces—and also the first to use the Uzi in combat. The Dutch Navy, Air Force, and Army all adopted the Israeli sub-machine gun, although each service selected a slightly different configuration, including variants with different stocks and modes of fire. This article presents a brief history of the Uzi in Dutch service, tracing the primary variants in service with all three branches of the armed forces and examining how this variety highlights a recurring small arms acquisition trend within the Dutch military.

Specialized Hospitals To Faced The Epidemic Beri-Beri On The War In Aceh

The epidemic beri-beri on the war in Aceh effect in high mortality on the Dutch army. The emergence of beri-beri as a contagious disease triggers the government to evacuate patients and establishing a special hospital in Sumatra Westkust. However, indigenous people never known and not infected the epidemic beri-beri. Treatment in special hospitals as a new epidemic became the main solution of the beri-beri problem which also had spread in various centers of the Dutch East Indies government. Through the evidence in Algemene Secreterie Atjeh Zaken, Geneeskundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indies archive and other primary sources, indicate that the existence of specialized hospitals has solved the beri-beri problem. This historical research reconstructs the importance of the policy beri-beri hospitals and medical management to encounter of epidemics. The results also showed that discourse and topography of health in Sumatra Westkust with the locality approach became part of a long process to the discovery of anti-beri-beri or thiamine.