Durkheim's Work Research Articles

The Concept of Indonesian Character Education: Emile Durkheim's Perspective

The aim of preparing this work is to analyze in detail the concept of Indonesian character education from Emile Durkheim's perspective. In researching the concept of character education from Emile Durkheim's perspective, the initial step is to identify relevant data sources, including Durkheim's work and academic analysis of his views. Then, the researcher conducted a critical study of the selected literature, evaluating the main themes and key concepts related to character education from Durkheim's perspective. Next, through qualitative analysis, they compared Durkheim's views with contemporary understandings of character education to conclude the relevance and applicability of Durkheim's concepts in today's educational context. Durkheim's contribution to sociology was to introduce the concepts of social facts and solidarity, highlighting the importance of understanding the social forces that shape human behavior and the relationship between individuals and society in modern social dynamics. With his empirical approach, Durkheim built a fundamental foundation for the study of social interaction and community formation. Character education in Indonesia, supported by government policies and related ministries, emphasizes cultural values and virtues in developing students' hearts, minds, and bodies, as well as reason and creativity, with an emphasis on honesty, intelligence, resilience, and empathy as the main values. The main goal is to form a generation that is not only academically intelligent but also morally responsible and appreciates the diversity of society. Character education in Indonesia reflects conformity with Emile Durkheim's view of the influence of society on individual behavior through an emphasis on communal values, strengthening solidarity in society.

Durkheim and realism

AbstractThis article examines Durkheim's relationship to realism. I argue that there is enough prima facie evidence of realist commitments in his work that our task should be to consider what kind of realist Durkheim was. I discuss, first of all, Durkheim's epistemics and follow that analysis with a discussion of metaphysical realism in his texts. The first part of the paper covers a wide range of his work; the second part focuses primarily on The Elementary Forms of Religious Life. In a final concluding section, I go on to consider how his epistemic arguments and his philosophical realism might work together to support important parts of his general sociology. Realism is not often brought to bear on Durkheim's work. When it has been, Durkheim has been identified as a naïve realist. These interpretations of Durkheim do not recognize the sophistication of contemporary realism, which does not reduce to naïve representationalism. This paper will sort out Durkheim's realist commitments in his texts, and in light of the variety of realisms consistent with “sophisticated” (that is, non‐naïve) realism.

Notice biographique sur le Dr Achille Delmas (1879–1947). Première partie : débuts de carrière et principaux travaux

Dr Achille Delmas, a psychiatrist in private practice, achieved fame between the two world wars for his work, which was an extension of Professor Ernest Dupré’s insights. He defended a view of mental illness based on the theory of “constitutions,” i.e., hereditary dispositions that persist throughout life, the most common of which is the cyclothymic constitution. He thus represented a traditionalist point of view and was an adamant opponent of psychoanalysis as well as sociology. In his book Psychologie pathologique du suicide, he argued for the essential role of mood disorders in suicide and vigorously criticized the sociological theses derived from the works of Durkheim and Halbwachs. His work deserves a renewed interest in the face of a contemporary sociologizing discourse concerning suicide that overemphasizes the role of environmental conditions – particularly those of the workplace – and that tends to deny the importance of pathological factors.

Pitilessly blocked futures and violently choked passions: A case for fatalistic suicide in understanding student suicide in South Korea

Durkheim's Le Suicide outlined four distinct types of suicide, of which three were greatly in detail. The fourth, fatalistic suicide, was developed only within the confines of a footnote in Durkheim's work. In this paper, I propose that the largely neglected concept of fatalistic suicide is a useful model for potentially understanding student-suicide in South Korea. Korea has one of the highest suicide rates in the world, especially among the student-aged bracket. More specifically, I contend that the Korean education system creates a fatalistic social environment for many Korean students. I argue that fatalistic suicide is the most appropriate suicide-type to theoretically classify these suicides when juxtaposed with the other three types. Moreover, this paper discusses fatalism in Korea in relation to its possible socio-emotional and psychological effects on Korean students, making for an approach that attempts to address the gap between social forces and individual behavior.

Auditor independence in post-reform China: A neo-Durkheimian approach

This study builds on the work of Durkheim (1915) by applying a neo-Durkheimian theoretical framework to audit failure in China following the implementation of economic reform and international auditing standards to highlight how embedded cultural norms, such as guanxi (a social network system involving the mutually beneficial and reciprocal exchange of personalised favours), limit adaptation and influence auditor independence. Specifically, this study adopts the grid-group dimensions proposed by Douglas (2003) to assist in understanding how Chinese auditors interpret their social relations based on cultural beliefs and overlaid them with characteristics of Chinese culture to demonstrate the influence of guanxi. The study is based on publicly available data focusing on the financial scandals of Yin Guang Xia (YGX) and Yunnan Green Land Biological Technology (Green Land) in China. We argue that Chinese auditing failure occurred because of socially embedded cultural values which limited thought processes and prevented adherence to formal international auditing standards. Policymakers and regulators must consider emerging economies’ unique cultural environments when introducing economic reform. Different cultural contexts call for different interventions by a range of stakeholders to improve audit independence. The neo-Durkheimian (NDT) theoretical framework used in this study may be extended to examine auditing practices in other emerging economies across a range of cultures, and may also be relevant to other areas of professional practice

Theory on the other Side of the Veil: Reckoning with Legacies of Anti-Blackness and Teaching in Social Theory.

Classical Theory courses in the U.S. present a history of our discipline grounded in the works of Durkheim, Marx, and Weber, defining “classic” by space and time, giving pre-World War II Europe credit for creating the foundation of contemporary sociology. While past critiques of this canon have argued for expanding the geographic bounds outside of Europe, these efforts still ground the origins of social theory in a time period of racial exclusion and segregation. We argue for a reckoning with the racial origins of the discipline in the United States in anti-Blackness and the legacies of racial exclusions. We must grapple with the histories of exclusion and segregation that continue to impact the discipline’s present and futures. In this paper, we argue that the teaching of sociology’s history should be through the “Foundations of Social Theory,” a broad approach to teaching that rejects the ideas of both “classics” and a “canon.” This approach roots theory in our history through core issues of study (e.g., the origins and consequences of capitalism) and directly addresses past racial and gendered exclusions by centering BIPOC intellectual contributions across time. By lifting the time and space restrictions, we open the doors to including voices omitted and repressed due to the exclusion of BIPOC people, especially Black women, from higher education in the U.S. This approach acknowledges the diverse histories and voices in our classrooms and profession, and highlights the relevance of social theory for our future.

AnneCase and AngusDeaton, Deaths of Despair and the Future of Capitalism, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2020. 312 p. $27.95

AnneCase and AngusDeaton, Deaths of Despair and the Future of Capitalism, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2020. 312 p. $27.95

Émile Durkheim e o estado

Este artigo discute o conceito de Estado proposto por Émile Durkheim, bem como suas implicações nos campos das ciências humanas e sociais, considerando o viés sociológico de sua análise. A partir de seus trabalhos mais significativos, visa-se analisar suas contribuições para a consolidação de uma sociologia política e, sobremaneira, para o debate político atual. Para tanto, levanta-se algumas questões importantes acerca de sua definição de Estado, objetivando, a partir das interpretações endossadas pela literatura especializada, confrontá-la com a realidade social que encerra no mundo moderno e contemporâneo. Trata-se, pois, de um trabalho eminentemente bibliográfico, de cunho revisionista, que procura, a partir de um diálogo com fontes primárias e secundárias, mapear o desenvolvimento e maturação deste conceito no interior da obra durkheimiana

Modernity and the Jews in Western Social Thought by Chad Alan Goldberg (review)

Reviewed by: Modernity and the Jews in Western Social Thought by Chad Alan Goldberg Eric Oberle Chad Alan Goldberg. Modernity and the Jews in Western Social Thought. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2017. 256 pp. doi:10.1017/S036400941900076X To read Chad Alan Goldberg's admirably ambitious Modernity and the Jews in Western Social Thought is to be struck by the differences between academic disciplines and the value of great interdisciplinary work. The field of anthropology is rich in self-reflexive histories, studies of how constructions of "the Other" have shaped the methods and assumptions of the field. (One thinks here of the work of Ann Laura Stoler or Johannes Fabian.) Theorists of sociology have made far fewer efforts to consider what the constructedness of the object implies about the sociological gaze. Modernity and the Jews offers an important corrective, presenting a fascinating study of how the central concepts of sociology developed by using a concept of the Jews and Jewishness as a foil, and specifically by viewing Jews as a limit case for describing the processes of modernity. Whether seen as exemplary of a tradition resistant to modernity; or of a modernity destructive of tradition; or as typifying problems of cultural, ethnic, social, and racial assimilation, Jews were, during the 150-year period of sociology's rise, an object of fascination, informing both the self-definition of sociology and its definition of modernity. In focusing on questions of how Jews came to be objectified, reified, and rendered symbolic by these modern narratives, Goldberg has thus written a history of sociology that speaks to the foundations of social-historical method. This work makes an important contribution to the history of the study of the Jews as a national and religious minority, but it also, more subtly, teaches us about how Jewish "obstinance" to conversion and to cultural assimilation helped form the epistemological field of sociology. Goldberg's thesis demands that knowledge of Jewish history be brought to bear on the history of sociology, and vice versa. Goldberg's readers are well served by his double optic. Only with such a properly Bourdieuian respect for how the objects of knowledge are important for constructing a discipline can one grasp what sociology is. To be sure, there are limits to this approach as well. It is not to be expected that a book that surveys one hundred and forty years in as many pages could exhaust the full promise of its title, Modernity and the Jews in Western Social Thought. But the book makes elegant shortcuts. By starting with [End Page 486] the French Revolution and skipping the Reformation and Enlightenment and by omitting figures such as Nietzsche, Freud, or Spinoza and whole fields such as anthropology and psychology, Goldberg achieves a tight focus on a well-selected set of core theoretical texts that placed the problematic object of "the Jew" at the center of their socio-epistemological interest. Though one might imagine another version of this book in which serious consideration would be given to studies written by Jews themselves about Jewish community, such a book would also have to include empirical studies in which Jews appear more or less neutrally among other minorities, such as Julius Drachsler's still-important 1923 book Democracy and Assimilation. By focusing on works that saw the Jews as marginal figures in a larger pattern of social alienation and assimilation, Goldberg seeks to understand how sociology always defines modernity's Other along with the modern. Awareness of this logic explains the book's organization, which starts in Europe and moves toward America, and which—following, as it were, the movement of the world spirit from France to Germany—starts with a chapter on Émile Durkheim only to double back to analyze Karl Marx's infamous "On the Jewish Question." Marx's essay was written a decade before Durkheim's birth, but Goldberg links the two through an analysis of how the French Revolution transformed categories of citizenship and universalism, religious and national community on both sides of the Rhine. Goldberg convincingly shows that Durkheim's work must be understood as a reflection on the French Revolution shaped by a Jewish experience. Goldberg reads Durkheim...

Dirkemova upotreba reči 'kultura' - analiza sadržaja

Using the method of content analysis, in our work we offered a concise insight into the use of the term 'culture' in the work of Emile Durkheim. Bearing in mind that the heritage of enlightenment can be perceived in Durkheim's work, but indirectly the traditions of Romanticism as well, we consider the issue of using this term an important one. The specter of meanings associated with the notion of 'culture' makes it suitable for use as a kind of indicator. Much like the Rorschach stains, very different meanings can be loaded into it. Findings show that Durkheim did not use the word 'culture' very often, considering the volume of his work. He most often connected it with the scientific, intellectual, logical, etc. We paid special attention to his most important works (The Division of Labor in Society, Rules of Sociological Method, Suicide and the Elementary Forms of the Religious Life). Other works are covered by a quantitative analysis of the use of the word 'culture' in which we tried to find the most frequent attributes that appear alongside the aforementioned term. The analysis covers most of Durkheim's opus published during and after his life.

The Elementary Forms of Religious Life: A Great Book and a Great Mystery

The Elementary Forms of Religious Life: A Great Book and a Great Mystery Dmitry KurakinCandidate of Sociology, Leading Research Fellow of the Centre for Fundamental Sociology, Director of the Center for Cultural Sociology and Anthropology of Education, National Research University Higher School of EconomicsAddress: Myasnitskaya Str., 20, Moscow, Russian Federation 101000E-mail: dmitry.kurakin@hse.ru In his preface to the Conclusion of Durkheim’s The Elementary Forms of Religious Life, the editor of the Russian translation discusses a puzzling situation with the translations of Durkheim’s works. For one, at least until now, The Elementary Forms was the only major Durkheim work which had not been translated into Russian. This is especially strange considering the outstanding role this classic work plays in contemporary sociology. However, the author of this article suggests that there is a kind of logic behind this state of affairs. Not only is this book a major resource for sociological theory, but it is also a great mystery. The perception of this book has been substantially changing within the discipline for decades and the way sociologists read The Elementary Forms today is very different from the way they read it half-a-century or even a century ago. In this article, the author discusses the complicated and ever-changing influence this classic work has exerted on sociology. He addresses the complex issue of the perception of The Elementary Forms in sociology, and comments on several types of corresponding translation problems. In particular, he suggests that Durkheim introduced the “piacular rite”, an unorthodox type of ritual, out of the theoretic logic of his argument and in relation to his attempt to explain the feature of the ambiguity of the sacred. This publication also announces the printing of the unabridged Russian translation of the discussed book as scheduled for the autumn of 2018 from the Elementary Forms Press.

デュルケム社会学におけるセミオロジ(Semiologie)的志向について

デュルケム社会学におけるセミオロジ(Semiologie)的志向について

A review on theoretical models of suicide

Suicide is a major public health issue which is highly complex and multifaceted. Subsequently, after the pioneering work of Durkheim and Freud, researchers and scholars have attempted to explain the biological, social, and psychological nature of suicide. The present work presents an overview of different theoretical models underlying the development of suicidal behaviour. Hence the theory components will be a better understanding of the causal mechanisms of suicide and it will lead to improving the intervention strategies for suicidal behaviours.

The French Tradition of Sociology of International Relations: An Overview

International Relations (IR) is an Anglo-American discipline. It was founded in 1919 at Aberystwyth University. Immediately after the Second World War it found a particularly fertile ground for its development in the United States. Even if the discipline remained marked by its Anglo-American origins, a sociological school of international relations emerged in France in the 1960s, with two main authors Raymond Aron and Marcel Merle. This French sociology of international relations already dated back to the eighteenth century with Montesquieu and Tocqueville. In the context of the First and Second World Wars, Emile Durkheim and Marcel Mauss, produced an embryonic sociology of international relations. After the Second World War, Aron’s sociology of international relations marked a break with the French school. His sociology was influenced by Max Weber and Carl von Clausewitz. He produced a comprehensive and historical tradition of international relations sociology and his analyses had a strong influence in IR specialists during the entire period of the Cold War. Today, his thought continues to exert influence on French and foreign internationalists as an essential reference point of the discipline. Marcel Merle, for his part, influenced by the work of Durkheim and Mauss, created an explanatory, positive school studying transnational relations which exerted influence on French and foreign internationalists as well. This contribution offers an historical overview of the development of this French tradition of sociology of international relations from the eighteenth century to the present time.

Durkheim on individualism and property rights: Origin of institutional framework

In this paper we tried to point out to Durkheim's conception of individualism which was founded on the political philosophy of Rousseau and Kant. The last two authors are also important for the reconstruction of Durkheim's view on the origin and role of (private) ownership. We showed that his understanding of the origin of the institution of property directly related to the role which he intended for corporations in modern society. In Durkheim's case, meritocracy can be viewed through the lens of his aspirations for the realization of legal formal, but also 'initiali material equality of all members of a society. Therefore, in the case of Durkheim's work, it can be understood as the pursuit of the realization of the principle that would imply permanent intervention of the state and corporation in order to ensure equal conditions for all.

The associations between parental involvement, peer network, and youth suicidality in China: evidence from the Global School-based Student Health Survey (2003)

Since Durkheim's classic work on suicide, sociologists have sought to shed light on the linkage between social context and individual susceptibility to suicidal thoughts and attempts. Though suicide is a worldwide phenomenon, however, the existing scholarship primarily focuses on adult populations in Western countries. Moreover, despite the fact that suicide-inducing and suicide-inhibiting factors operate at both individual and collective levels, many studies do not rely on multilevel analysis. This study contributes to the literature by investigating the relationship between parent–child relations and friendship size, and suicidality among a random sample of urban Chinese youths. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) shows that when it comes to thinking about committing suicide, parent-mediated integration, and regulation are significantly associated with lower odds at individual (student) and collective (classroom) levels. Friendship ties, however, have no effect. Concerning suicide planning, parental involvement and peer network are both related to lower probability at the individual level, while at the collective level, only the parent involvement matters.

THE HEURISTIC POTENTIAL OF ANOMIE THEORY IN MODERN CRIMINOLOGY

This article deals with modern English theories of anomie. They can be used in Russian criminology. The main goal of article consists in detection of actual theories of anomie and definition of prospects of their use. As modern theories of anomie are poorly submitted in the Russian sociological and criminological literature, the subject of research is actual. This work contains the analysis of opportunities for adoption of modern conceptions of anomie of individual in Russian practice. During research development of the theory of anomie in the history of sociology was considered. The problem of anomie was admitted actual antique Greece. Anomie which is today concerned with normlessness and related to alienation is associated primarily with the works of Durkheim and Merton. Anomia developed in research by MacIver and Srole as a characteristic of individuals and related to the breakdown of the individual’s sense of attachment to society. Results of theoretical research show that theories of anomie of the personality have the greatest heuristic potential for modern Russian science. Other important conclusion of research is one that the anomie can have some sources of emergence. Further studying of this subject is necessary because English-language theories of anomie contain a set of theoretical and empirical results which can be used in the Russian criminology.

Spirits in the work of Durkheim, Hertz and Mauss: Reflections on post-war Vietnam

Scholars of the early French sociological school shared strong common intellectual interests, but they pursued these interests in both convergent and divergent perspectives. Focusing on the ideas of soul and spirit, this essay examines how Mauss and Hertz approached these ideas differently from Durkheim, leading to their distinct understandings of human solidarity and social inequality. It argues that the powerful legacies of these three formative members of the Année sociologique group become even more powerful and relevant if understood in an integrated perspective and in critical relation to one another. The discussion will be illustrated by an ethnographic study of Vietnamese culture of commemoration concerning the souls of tragic war dead.

Reassembling the ambiguity of the sacred: A neglected inconsistency in readings of Durkheim

The ambiguity of the sacred combines two opposite modes, the pure and the impure, as its fundamental feature. Present in the work of Durkheim and most scholars of the sacred, as well as in actual social practice, the impure sacred is not the profane, the sphere that opposes the sacred. However, in most interpretations of Durkheim, and even in aspects of his own argument, the ambiguity of the sacred is neglected and, in several important cases, treated as if it were profane: this has negative consequences for cultural sociology and the study of culture in contemporary society. In certain cases, the impure sacred and the profane can be hard to tell apart. Yet, if the boundaries between the sacred (pure and impure) and the profane are not clearly distinguished, the overall approach to culture in terms of distinctions and boundaries loses its logical and theoretical coherence. This article elucidates the ambiguity of the sacred and reintegrates that ambiguity into cultural sociology. The model proposed here treats the impure as a transient result of violation of the sacred/profane border with no independent status of its own.

Understanding Suicide: A Sociological Autopsy

Ever since Durkheim's seminal work, the sociology of suicide has tended to focus on the analysis of suicide rates. Some may even argue that a concern with rates is the defining feature of the sociological approach. But like any other behavior, each suicide occurs in a particular time and place and responds to concrete social conditions, such as the loss of a job or a conflict between spouses. The great advantage of Understanding Suicide is that it goes beyond mere rates to discuss the immediate social context in which suicide occurs. Language: en