Duringthe Years Research Articles

Մարդկային ներուժը բացահայտող անզուգական վարպետը․ Հրանտ Խաչատուրի Հակոբյան / The Peerless Master, Who Reveals Human Potential: Hrant Khachatur Hakobyan

Human potential and his opportunities revealed by the Founder Rector of Gavar State University, Doctor of Philosophical Sciences, Professor - Hrant Hakobyan are examined in the article. In particular, much attention was paid to identifying those abilities, which were more than demonstrated while forming the academic and administrative staff of Gavar State University. Moreover, one of his goals was to identify all the intellectual abilities among the region and to combine them with the above mentioned things. The basis of the article is the book “ Pages from the History of Gavar State University” written by him, as well as the impressions and memories we received during the years working with him. The author of these lines himself felt the efforts and care of Hrant Hakobyan for revealing the potential. We came to the conclusion that in order to discover the potential of others, first of all, it is necessary to have a desire for it, and then be able to value the potential of a person not only from personal point of view, but also from a public point of view. He proceeded from the principle that personal potential and abilities are not only his property, but it is national wealth. In a short period of time, Hakobyan gathered around him a united group of devotees, who became the pillar for the establishment of the university.

CLINICAL RESULTS OF COMPLEX THERAPY ОF PATIENTS WITH ACNE - RESIDENTS OF IODINE DEFICIENCY REGION

The аim of research – the clinical results of complex therapy in patients with acne vulgaris- residents of the iodine deficiency region should be determined and analyzed consideringthe state of their pituitary-thyroid system, intestinal microbiota and immunologicalparameters.Material and methods. The study involved 109 patients with moderate to severe acnevulgaris, who are the residents of Chernivtsi region - a region with natural iodinedeficiency. Examination of the patients revealed changes in the pituitary-thyroid system,immunological parameters and intestinal biocenosis, which corresponded to the severityof dermatosis. During treatment, patients were divided into 3 groups: I comparative - 36people who received conventional acne therapies and medicines to normalize thyroidhomeostasis; group II comparative - 36 patients who were additionally prescribedprobiotics, and ІІІ (main) - 37 persons who received complex treatment with the additionaladministration of probiotics and immunotropic drug. The effectiveness of treatment ofpatients was evaluated by their earliest and long-term clinical results using statisticalanalysis methods.Results. It has been established that complex therapy of patients with moderate and severeacne vulgaris - residents of the iodine deficiency region with the administration alongsidewith the conventional acne therapy of medicines that normalize detected changes in thepituitary-thyroid system, immunotropic drug glucosaminylmuramyl dipeptide (licopid))and probiotic (lacium) reliably reduces (p <0.01) in comparison with conventional acnetherapy or conventional acne therapy with additional probiotics administration the termsof regress of acute inflammatory elements of acne with the achievement of the state ofclinical remission of dermatosis, (respectively: by 1,54 and 1,41 times). The frequency ofexacerbations acne process of patients with moderate and severe acne vulgaris duringthe year were also reduced (respectively: 1.59 and 1.26 times) relatively to patients in thecomparison groups.Conclusion. The complex therapy of patients with moderate to severe acne - residentsof the iodine deficiency region with administration of medicines to normalize thyroidhomeostasis, immunotropic drug glucosaminylmuramyl dipeptide (licopid) and probiotic(lacium) reliable improves the earliest and long-term clinical results of their treatment incomparison with conventional treatment or treatment using only the probiotic additionalprescription.

"In Vitro: Natural Compounds (Thymol, Carvacrol, Hesperidine, and Thymoquinone) against Sars-Cov2 Strain Isolated from Egypt"

Background: The current pandemic of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has badly affected our life during the year 2020. SARS-CoV-2 is the primary causative agent of the newly emerged pandemic. Natural flavonoids, Terpenoid and Thymoquinone are tested against different viral and host-cell protein targets. These natural compounds have a good history in treating Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Methods: Molecular docking combined with cytotoxicity and plaque reduction assay is used to test the natural compounds against different viral (Spike, RdRp, and Mpro) and host-cell (TMPRSS II, keap 1, and ACE2) targets. Results: The results demonstrate the binding possibility of the natural compounds (Thymol, Carvacrol, Hesperidine, and Thymoquinone) to the viral main protease (Mpro). Some of these natural compounds were approved to start clinical trail from Egypt Center for Research and Regenerative Medicine ECRRM IRB (Certificate No. IRB00012517) Conclusion: Development of an effective anti-viral for SARSCoV- 2 could help to limit the viral load. Benchmarking testing of those natural compounds against other potential antivirals for SARS-CoV-2 with alternative mechanisms of action would thus be important as soon as practicable.

ADHD in College Students - a Guide for Clinicians and Administrators

ADHD affects 5-6% of all college students. It is a disorder with profound comorbidities and consequences, including increased mortality. Difficulties and damage accrue synergistically during the college years, directly affecting academic achievement and graduation rate. It can be reasonably extrapolated that these students may be at higher risk for sentinel events involving impulsive behavior, intoxication and self-harm, and that current campus policies aimed at reducing access to stimulant medication contribute to social injustice by disproportionately affecting already disadvantaged students. After exploring the large body of observational data, specific recommendations regarding diagnosis and treatment are made. The gold-standard for diagnosis is a comprehensive clinical interview informed by reports from others who know the patient. While universities often demand neuropsychological testing before offering medication, there is a broad agreement among researchers and clinicians that this is not scientifically justified. The most effective treatments combine pharmacotherapy with individual and group psychotherapy. Stimulants are very effective. So much so that starting all patients on non-stimulants solely to prevent diversion is clinically inappropriate. Rather, effective methods to limit diversion that do not limit access to care for those with the disorder must be developed. Various psychotherapies have been assessed and have shown benefits. A CBTbased, comprehensive, multi-modal and manualized intervention has been specifically created and examined for use with college students. The outcome data are encouraging. By combining appropriate diagnostics, effective pharmacotherapy, and comprehensive, multi-modal psychotherapy, administrators and clinicians may join forces to meaningfully improve retention, academic achievement, graduation rates, and emotional growth for this large and high-risk cohort. Colleges may need to invest in hiring expert clinicians to deploy this care, as most do not have enough of them currently.

Soil Quality Indicators Associated With The Application Of Mycorrhizal Fungi In Coffee Plantations

Introduction: This article is the result of the research work “Evaluation of the quality of the soil associated with the use of mycorrhizae in coffee plantations in the Municipality of Sasaima, Cundinamarca” carried out duringthe years 2018 and 2019 at the Universidad Libre.
 Problem: Several investigations report the use of mycorrhizal fungi in plant development, however, there are few studies regarding the relationship between mycorrhizae and soil quality indicators.
 Methodology: Four plots were evaluated, applying: 1) Control; 2) Local native mycorrhizae isolated by the authors; 3) Commercial liquid mycorrhizae; and 4) Commercial solid mycorrhizae. The samples of the rhizosphericsoils were taken and bimonthly monitoring was applied until 5 collection cycles were obtained. The physicochemical parameters, abundance of functional groups of microorganisms, and enzymatic activities ofthe soil were determined and analyzed by means of univariate and multivariate statistical analysis.
 Conclusion: The research hypothesis was validated since the mycorrhizae inoculation significantly increased the values of the soil quality indicators, namely organic carbon (14%), moisture (19%), phosphorus (30%), abundanceof nitrogen-fixing bacteria (5.5%), phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (7.8%), cellulolytic bacteria (9.3%), and phosphate-solubilizing fungi (2.6%). In addition, the local native mycorrhizae that were isolated by theauthors showed greater benefits than those of the commercial mycorrhizae.
 Originality: This research reveals the impact of mycorrhizae on the soil quality indicators over time during thefirst year of application, especially on the microbial and enzymatic parameters.
 Limitations: Several authors have investigated the importance of the mycorrhizae on the physicochemical parameters of the plant, and not on the microbial and enzymatic parameters of the soil.

On the annual variability of Antarctic aerosol size distributions at Halley Research Station

Abstract. The Southern Ocean and Antarctic region currently best represent one of the few places left on our planet with conditions similar to the preindustrial age. Currently, climate models have a low ability to simulate conditions forming the aerosol baseline; a major uncertainty comes from the lack of understanding of aerosol size distributions and their dynamics. Contrasting studies stress that primary sea salt aerosol can contribute significantly to the aerosol population, challenging the concept of climate biogenic regulation by new particle formation (NPF) from dimethyl sulfide marine emissions. We present a statistical cluster analysis of the physical characteristics of particle size distributions (PSDs) collected at Halley (Antarctica) for the year 2015 (89 % data coverage; 6–209 nm size range; daily size resolution). By applying the Hartigan–Wong k-mean method we find eight clusters describing the entire aerosol population. Three clusters show pristine average low particle number concentrations (< 121–179 cm−3) with three main modes (30, 75–95 and 135–160 nm) and represent 57 % of the annual PSD (up to 89 %–100 % during winter and 34 %–65 % during summer based on monthly averages). Nucleation and Aitken mode PSD clusters dominate summer months (September–January, 59 %–90 %), whereas a clear bimodal distribution (43 and 134 nm, respectively; Hoppel minimum at mode 75 nm) is seen only during the December–April period (6 %–21 %). Major findings of the current work include: (1) NPF and growth events originate from both the sea ice marginal zone and the Antarctic plateau, strongly suggesting multiple vertical origins, including the marine boundary layer and free troposphere; (2) very low particle number concentrations are detected for a substantial part of the year (57 %), including summer (34 %–65 %), suggesting that the strong annual aerosol concentration cycle is driven by a short temporal interval of strong NPF events; (3) a unique pristine aerosol cluster is seen with a bimodal size distribution (75 and 160 nm, respectively), strongly associated with high wind speed and possibly associated with blowing snow and sea spray sea salt, dominating the winter aerosol population (34 %–54 %). A brief comparison with two other stations (Dome C – Concordia – and King Sejong Station) during the year 2015 (240 d overlap) shows that the dynamics of aerosol number concentrations and distributions are more complex than the simple sulfate–sea-spray binary combination, and it is likely that an array of additional chemical components and processes drive the aerosol population. A conceptual illustration is proposed indicating the various atmospheric processes related to the Antarctic aerosols, with particular emphasis on the origin of new particle formation and growth.

José Luis Pinillos, profesor de relaciones humanas

espanolDentro de la evolucion intelectual que se descubre en la obra de Jose Luis Pinillos, el trabajo examina su etapa de profesor de Recursos Humanos en la Escuela de Organizacion Industrial de Madrid durante los anos 1950-60, y lo relaciona con la dimension humanista de su psicologia. En el trabajo se destacan unos comentarios suyos en torno a un grave problema social, de reconversion laboral, en donde todos los factores relativos al destino de los trabajadores afectados reciben un tratamiento comprensivo y humanista, con recomendaciones para una salida en que tuvieran en cuenta los motivos graves que afectaban a los trabajadores en sus reivindicaciones, y que una empresa atenta a los valores de la persona humana no podia desconocer. EnglishWithin the intellectual evolution that is discovered in the work of Jose Luis Pinillos, this work examines his time as Professor of Human Relations, at the School of Industrial Organization, Madrid during the years 1950-60, and relates it to the humanist dimension of his psychology. In this work, some of his comments about a serious social problem, labour reconversion, stand out, where all the factors related to the fate of the affected workers received a comprehensive and humanistic treatment, with recommendations for a way out that would take into account the serious reasons that affected workers in their claims, and that a company that respects the values of the human person could not be unaware.

Analysis of lactating cows on commercial Austrian dairy farms: the influence of genotype and body weight on efficiency parameters

The aim of this study was twofold: first, to evaluate the influence of body weight on the efficiency of dairy cows, and second, to analyze the current state of dairy cattle populations as part of the Austrian Cattle Breeding Association's Efficient Cow project.Data of Fleckvieh (FV, dual-purpose Simmental), FleckviehRed Holstein (FVRH), Holstein (HF) and Brown Swiss (BS) dairy cows (161 farms, 6098 cows) were collected at each performance recording during the year 2014.In addition to routinely recorded data (e.g., milk yield, fertility), body weight, body measurements, body condition score (BCS) and individual feed information were also collected. The following efficiency traits were considered: body weight efficiency as the ratio of energy-corrected milk (ECM) to metabolic body weight, feed efficiency (kilogram ECM per kilogram dry-matter intake) and energy efficiency expressed as the ratio of energy in milk to energy intake.The relationship of milk yield to body weight was shown to be nonlinear. Milk yield decreased in cows above the 750 kg body weight class for HF, BS and FVRH with 68 % RH genes, but less dramatically and later for FV at 800 kg. This resulted in an optimum body weight for feed and energy efficiency. BS and HF had the highest efficiency in a narrower and lighter body weight range (550–700 kg) due to a stronger curvature of the parabolic curve. Contrary to this, the efficiency of FV did not change as much as it did in the dairy breeds with increasing body weight, meaning that FV had a similar feed and energy efficiency in a range of 500–750 kg. The breed differences disappeared when body weight ranged between 750 and 800 kg.The average body weight of the breeds studied (FV 722 kg, BS 649 and HF 662 kg) was in the optimum range. FV was located at the upper end of the decreasing segment.In conclusion, an optimum body weight range for efficiency does exist, due to the nonlinear relationship of milk yield and body weight. Specialized dairy breeds seem to respond more intensively to body weight range than dual-purpose breeds, due to the stronger curvature. Cows with medium weights within a population are the most efficient. Heavy cows ( kg) produce even less milk. A further increase in dairy cows' body weights should therefore be avoided.

SELF-REGULATORY EFFICIENCY OF TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES

The self-regulatory efficiency indicator is a metric which collects basic economic characteristics and allows identifying enterprises which can compensate for the changes in a stable way and those whose self-regulatory ability is variable, regardless of their size. During the research on the self-regulatory efficiency of transport enterprises with the use of the indicator in question it was proved that during the years 2013–2015 the self-regulatory abilities of different entities were variable. However, as a general tendency, smaller enterprises tend to show a better ability to compensate for the changes in their surroundings.

ANALISIS STRUKTUR PASAR INDUSTRI KARET DAN BARANG KARET PERIODE TAHUN 2009

The purpose of this research is to acknowledge and to analyze the marketingstructure in the industry of rubber and the product itself in Indonesia duringthe year of 2009. The industrial rubber and the product itself are expected toplay a vital role in escalating more employment opportunities as well as apositive economical growth. With the role stated above, one can cultivatesand presents a developing direction so that it can compete with otherindustrial sectors in the economic perspective.The data obtained will be a secondary data. The instruments that are used toanalyze the marketing structure would be CRn (the concentration of ratio n)and IHH (Herfindahl-Hirschman Index). Subsequently the marketing structureof the rubber industry and the rubber product itself in Indonesia will also beanalyzed descriptively. The data is obtained from BPS and the nation’s Ministryof Industry.By analyzing the marketing structure using the concentration ratio methodattained from the four of the largest companies in the market share (CR4),one can fabricate a conclusion regarding the marketing structure of therubber industry and the product in Indonesia during the year of 2009 to bededuced as an ol igopoly marketing structure.

Evaluation of Wheat Genotypes in Far Western Hills of Nepal

Coordinated Varietal Trial (CVT) and Advanced Varietal Trial (AVT) of wheat were conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station,Doti during the year 2012 and 2013. Microplot Yield Trial (MPYT) were conducted during the year 2013. Total 20 genotypes were includedin CVT experiment of both years. Although the difference in grain yield due to genotypes was not found significant during the year 2012, NL1144 recorded the highest grain yield (4309 kg/ha) followed by NL 1140 (4295 kg/ha) and NL 1147 (4165 kg/ha) respectively. But in the year2013, NL 1097 produced the highest grain yield (4641 kg/ha) followed by NL 1135 (4383 kg/ha) and NL 1164 (4283 kg/ha) respectively.Statistically, the difference in grain yield due to genotypes was not found significant in the year 2013. Combined analysis over years was alsocarried out. Out of 20, only 10 genotypes were included in the CVT experiment, which were found similar in both years. Genotypes NL 1097(4079 kg/ha), NL 1140 (3814 kg/ha) and NL 1093 (3773 kg/ha) were found high yielding genotypes for river basin agro-environment of farwestern hills. Statistically, effect of year in tested characters was found significant whereas treatment effect was observed non-significant.Similarly, 20 genotypes of wheat were included in AVT of wheat during the year 2012 and 2013. Out of the genotypes included in AVT duringthe year 2012, KISKADEE No.1recorded the highest grain yield (3824 kg/ha) followed by CHEWINK No. 1 (3643 kg/ha) and WK 2120 (3583kg/ha). Statistically all the tested characters except grain yield were found significantly different due to genotypes. But in the same experimentof the year 2013, WK 2412 genotype recorded the highest grain yield (4407 kg/ha) followed by WK 2411 (4329 kg/ha) and Munal-1 (4054kg/ha). Statistically the difference in grain yield and other tested characters were found significantly different. Due to dissimilarity in the testedgenotypes we could not carry-out the combined analysis over years. Total 30 genotypes were included in the MPYT experiment of the year2013. Genotype WK 2272 recorded the highest grain yield (6080 kg/ha) followed by the genotypes WK 2274 (5152 kg/ha) and WK 2278(4480 kg/ha) respectively. Statistically, the difference in grain yield and other tested characters were found significantly different due togenotypes.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(3): 417-422

Perspectives of Using Internet on the Scientific Research among the Postgraduate Students at the University of Khartoum -Sudan

The purpose of this study was to identify the perspectives of using Internet on the scientific research among thePostgraduate Students at the University of Khartoum. The researcher used the descriptive analytical method, thepopulation consisted of all Postgraduate students at the University of Khartoum (Master & Ph.D.), registered duringthe year 2014. Of 3189 students; selected the stratified random sample totaling 441 students to represent fourcouncils specialized in university, which represented 14% of the population. Five questions and two null hypotheseswere formulated. The questionnaire was designed for data collection was analysed by using SPSS, following theappropriate statistical methods: Percentage, Arithmetic mean, Standard deviation, one group t-Test and ANOVA. Anumber of findings were reached the most important are: The Postgraduate students use the Internet largely as aprincipal source for research information; the first scientific Council is the Basic & Engineering studies with averageof (65.3), then Medical & Health Studies, average (65), Humanities & Educational Studies average (62.73), finally,Agricultural & Veterinary Studies with average (61.75). Postgraduate students facing many obstacles when using theInternet for scientific research, including: Most references on the Internet in English langue, the possibility ofpenetration the scientific sites and e-mails and technical problems. No statistically significant differences to thePostgraduate students in the use of the Internet to collect information due to the type of registered degree”.

CHARAKTERYSTYKA STANU I ZMIAN ROZMIESZCZENIA WYBRANYCH PRZESTĘPSTW W SZCZECINIE Z WYKORZYSTANIEM GEOSTATYSTYCZNEJ ANALIZY GIS

CHARAKTERYSTYKA STANU I ZMIAN ROZMIESZCZENIA WYBRANYCH PRZESTĘPSTW W SZCZECINIE Z WYKORZYSTANIEM GEOSTATYSTYCZNEJ ANALIZY GIS

Recycling and burial of phosphorus in sediments of an anoxic fjord—the By Fjord, western Sweden

Recycling and burial of sediment phosphorus were studied in the By Fjord, western Sweden, during the years 2009 to 2010 using autonomous benthic landers and sediment sampling. The By Fjord is a small fjord with a shallow sill at its narrow mouth, which limits water exchange of the fjord’s basin water. The water in the basin is exchanged only every 3 to 5 years and the water below sill level is anoxic or sulfidic between water renewals. Five sites were examined in the By Fjord; three shallow sites above the sill level with oxic bottom waters and two deeper sites with anoxic bottom waters. Contents of sediment organic carbon and total nitrogen were higher at deep stations when compared to shallow stations, whereas the contents of sediment inorganic P was higher, and sediment organic P generally lower, at shallow than at deep stations both in surficial and buried sediment. One shallow oxic site and one deep anoxic site were also examined in the adjacent Koljo Fjord having similar characteristics as the By Fjord. In situ measurements of benthic fluxes of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) showed that the fluxes from sediments with oxic overlying water (0.05–0.23 mmol m−2 d−1) were much lower than fluxes from sediments with anoxic overlying water (1.25–2.26 mmol m−2 d−1). The DIP flux increased with increasing flux of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) not only at anoxic but also at oxic bottoms, which is different from observations in brackish water environments. The average ratio between the DIC and DIP fluxes at oxic bottoms was almost 10 times higher than the Redfield C:P ratio indicating partial immobilization of P in oxic sediments. In contrast, the C:P ratio in fluxes was on average 1.5 times lower than Redfield at the anoxic bottoms. The benthic fluxes from anoxic bottoms were P rich not only in relation to C, but also to N. The low C:P flux ratio at anoxic sites coincided with a ≈ 2.5 times higher than Redfield C:P ratio of organic matter in the sediment solid phase clearly suggesting preferential regeneration of P at anoxic bottoms. Burial of inorganic P was higher than organic P burial at both anoxic and oxic sites; the former made up 59 to 60% of the total P burial at the deep anoxic stations, and 80% at the main shallow oxic station. The burial efficiency for organic P at anoxic bottoms was estimated to be only 1 to 3%, which indicates extremely efficient recycling of deposited organic P under anoxic conditions in this fjord environment.

Determination of dry matter yield and yield components of local forage pea (Pisum sativum ssp. arvense L.) ecotypes

Local forage pea (Pisum sativum ssp. arvense L.) ecotypes are commonlycultivated in the Eastern Anatolia Region for long years. The ecotypes showgreat variations in yields and plant characteristics and these geneticallyresources should definitely be protected and be used as breeding material. Thecurrent study was conducted to determine the dry matter yields and yieldcomponents of 18 forage pea ecotypes selected among 61 collected materials fromErzurum, Bayburt, Kars and Ardahan provinces. The experiments were carried outin the experimental fields of Atatürk University Agricultural Faculty duringthe years of 2008, 2009 and 2010 under irrigated conditions. Three-yearaverages revealed large variations in dry matter yield the number of days toharvest, plant height, lodging degree and forage quality parameters of theecotypes. Dry matter yields of ecotypes varied between 4862 and 6854 kg ha-1,the number of days to harvest between 79.0 and 91.1 days and plant heightsbetween 68.8 and 102.0 cm. Among the investigated ecotypes, the Değirmencik-1and Subatan were considered to be promising ecotypes for breeding studies andregional yield studies.

Frequency of factors leading to Patent Ductus Arteriosus.

Background: Patent Ductus Arteriosus is developing as major problem in our society. Many studies in Pakistan has been done to analyze the efficacy of surgical procedures but no one tried to find the frequency of factorsleading to this problem. So the objective to conduct this study was to determine the frequency of factors leadingto Patent Ductus Arteriosus in children presented in Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore.Objective: The purpose of this study was to measure the frequency of factors leading to patent ductus arteriosusin children presented at Punjab Institute of Cardiology.Method: A cross sectional study was conducted on 242 patients of PDA which already have been treated duringthe year 2006-2007. They were recalled for recheck up and also interviewed. Their operative information wasgathered from their files.Results: Mean age of children at time of treatment was 6.12+5.203 years. Mostly children were of age 1. Out of242 children, there were more female children (62.8%) involved as compared to male children (37.2%). In thisstudy 72.73% children belong to urban area while 27.27% children belong to rural areas. 54.5% (n=132) childrenwere surgically legated while 45.5% (n=110) children were catheterized or had device closure. 17.8% childreninherited the disease from their close relatives. 43.4% mothers had some infectious problems during pregnancy.42.6% mothers used antibiotics or other drugs although they were pregnant. 4.5% children had Down syndrome.56.61 % (137) children had premature birth.Conclusion: These are modifiable factors that can be controlled. If these factors are controlled then the incidence of Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) can be reduced.Key Words: Patent Ductus Arteriosus, surgical ligation, catheter based procedure

Efecto de diferentes tipos de propagación en el rendimiento de mora vino (Rubus adenotrichus).

Se determinó el efecto de la macro y micro-propagación, sobre el rendimiento de dos variedades de mora (Rubus adenotrichus Schlech), ‘Vino Espina Roja’ y ‘Vino Sin Espinas’, en unaparcela experimental que se estableció en la localidad de La Luchita del Guarco, Cartago, Costa Rica, en el año 2005.La cosecha se realizó durante los años 2007 y 2008, se presentaron diferencias significativas (P=0,0034) entre los sistemas de propagación para la variedad ‘Vino Espina Roja’en el 2007. Las plantas provenientes de macro-propagación, mostraron un mayor rendimiento promedio; mientras que la variedad ‘Vino Sin Espinas’ no produjo cosecha en ese año. En el año 2008, no se encontraron diferencias significativas (P>0,6207) entre ambos sistemas de propagación para ninguna de las dos variedades; pero al comparar entre estas ‘Vino Espina Roja’ presentó mayor producción en los dos sistemas de propagación (P<0,00183).

Golden days of British muscle biochemistry

As a tribute to S. V. Perry who to our sorrow left us lastDecember 2009, I would like to recount some memories ofmy Birmingham connection in the sixties of last century. Itwill be a personal account only touching lightly on sciencehere and there. Science, however, and in particular musclescience, was our close companion through most of the timeI spent in Birmingham in and out of Perry’s laboratory.When I came across from Switzerland with wife and threechildren, I met a solid crew of young investigators in thelab including David Hartshorne, Jake Kendrick-Jones andIan Trayer. I was a MD who felt that medicine, though anoble profession, was rather an empirical enterprise, whichdid not satisfy my thirst for knowledge. During my years inBirmingham Perry supported me doing a PhD that shouldprovide me with a more solid basis for doing research inthe future. Biochemistry was what I aspired to which was,however, not a curriculum in its own right at the Universityof Basel at the time when I finished medicine. Perry was anadmirable biochemist who got the finishing touch duringthe years with Kenneth Bailey in Cambridge (Perry 1997).In Perry’s lab I avidly soaked up all the biochemicaltechnologies new to me. Asking for explanation of everylittle detail, I occasionally must have gotten on the nervesof my colleagues who looked down a bit on the foreignMD. The boys in the lab called Perry ‘‘Prof’’ while amongthemselves they talked about ‘‘Sam’’ (Samuel). My relationto ‘‘Prof’’ was a bit of an exception, he told me to addresshim by ‘‘Victor’’ as he was privately called in his familyand by friends. So I did, but always with a certain uncer-tainty, until years later when our relation grew into a deepfriendship. With retrospect this development may havebeen facilitated by me gaining more self-confidence.However, from my perspective Victor Perry has alwaysremained one of the scientific giants I was privileged toknow well (Fig. 1).In the lab we were messing around with preparationsfrom rabbit muscle chasing for protein factors that inhib-ited the actomyosin MgATPase and conferred Ca

Retrospective study of acute cellular rejection intransplanted liver in Pathology Unit in KingChulalongkorn Memorial Hospital duringthe year 1997 to 2003 : 11 studied cases

Retrospective study of acute cellular rejection intransplanted liver in Pathology Unit in KingChulalongkorn Memorial Hospital duringthe year 1997 to 2003 : 11 studied cases

2002 manuscript referees

Each year Polar Record calls upon numerous scholars to assist in the demanding and intensive procedure of reviewing manuscripts submitted for publication by their peers. These individuals give generously of their time and expertise to help insure that a high academic quality is maintained in Polar Record. During the year 2002, some 110 individuals assisted in the review and refereeing process.