Duration Of Phenological Phases Research Articles

The influence of the weather conditions on the flowering time of crocuses from the collection of the Subtropical Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Iridaceae is a large family of herbaceous plants with numerous species and cultivars, diverse in the habitus and structure of aboveground and underground organs, colour and shape of the flower, as well as in terms and duration of phenological phases. The earliest flowering is specific for representatives of the genus Crocus. The purposeful formation and study of genetic collections of ornamental crops, including Crocus, was started by Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the 1960s. A large number of cultivars have been introduced and studied. The aim of the work is to study the influence of the weather conditions on the flowering terms of crocuses in the humid Russian subtropics on the Black Sea coast of Krasnodar Territory. This unique region belongs to a Mediterranean-type climate with relatively warm winters. The work was carried out in 2021-2023 according to the methods generally accepted in the introduction, as well as those being finalized by the Centre. Mathematical processing was performed in the Microsoft Office Excel 2007 program. The objects of research are 19 crocus cultivars from the bioresource collection (FRC SSC of RAS), including Crocus vernus - 7; C. chrysanthus - 4; C. tommasinianus - 4, 1 each C. flavus, C. biflorus, C. sublimis, C. olivieri. In the course of the work carried out, it has been found that climatic conditions of the humid Russian subtropics make it possible to successfully implement introduction studies on Crocus cultivars.

Thermal Requirements, Phenology, and Maturation of Juice Grape Cultivars Subjected to Different Pruning Types

The purpose of this study was to assess the impacts of pruning methods (short and mixed pruning) on the duration of phenological phases and thermal requirements of juice grape cultivars (‘Bordô’, ‘BRS Cora’, and ‘BRS Violeta’), as well as to confirm the development of chemistry throughout berry ripening. The duration of the following phenological phases was measured in days after pruning over two production cycles: budburst, full-bloom, setting, veraison, and ripening. Degree days were used to compute the thermal requirements. Soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, and maturation index were all measured as the berries ripened. There was no impact on the length of the phenological cycle or the thermal necessities of the vines due to the various types of pruning. In terms of cultivars, ‘BRS Violeta’ was found to be earlier than ‘Bordô’ and ‘BRS Cora’. In terms of chemical evolution, the berries achieved 16 °Brix at 21 and 28 days following the veraison, and the greatest values obtained were 17.0 (‘BRS Violeta’) and 18.4 °Brix (‘BRS Cora’). Furthermore, ‘BRS Cora’ produced more acidic berries. However, regardless of cultivar, the grapes were of high quality, making them a viable option for Brazilian subtropical viticulture.

COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RHYTHM OF THE SEASONAL DEVELOPMENT OF SCUTELLARIA BAICALENSIS GEORGI IN THE NON-CHERNOZEM ZONE AND ON THE SOUTH COAST OF THE CRIMEA

Scutellaria baicalensis is a valuable medicinal plant and a protected species of the East Asian flora. Therefore, work on its introduction is underway in many regions of Russian Federation. Studying of the influence of meteorological factors on the phenology of the S. baicalensis in regions of Russian Federation with contrasting climatic conditions is important in grounds of climate change.
 Materials and methods. The object of the study is the population of the S. baicalensis biocollections of All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and Nikitsky Botanical Garden. Meteorological indicators: sum of active temperatures, sum of precipitation. Statistical analysis: Tau-b-Kendall correlation coefficient.
 Results. The duration of the growing season in each region has little variability, independently of the weather conditions of the year. The interval between the onset of phenological phases in the Crimea was characterized by weaker variability than in the Non-Chernozem zone. A significantly smaller amount of active temperatures was required for the onset of phenological phases In the Non-Chernozem zone compared to the southern coast of Crimea. The difference in the average sum of active temperatures across the regions reached 1694.6°C by the end of the growing season. The amount of precipitation had sharp fluctuations in both regions and in all years of research.
 Conclusion. Secondary flowering, wide amplitudes of the duration of phenological phases and the growing season as a whole, the sum of active temperatures and precipitation indicate the ecological plasticity of the S. baicalensis and the availability of conditions for its cultivation in both regions.

Influence of methods of basic tillage on the yield of spring barley varieties in the zone of influence of field-protective plantations

The article discusses the results of studies on the study of modern released varieties of spring barley in the conditions of an agroforestry landscape and their response to various methods of basic tillage. It was found that in years with different climatic characteristics, there are differences in varieties in the duration of phenological phases. The longest vegetation was observed in the Bulat variety, and the shortest in the Prairie variety. The best results in terms of germination and preservation of plants were obtained in the variant with the Bulat variety, while in all varieties it was noted that these indicators were higher in the forested area than in the agrolandscape without forest belts. Analysis of the productivity of varieties showed that the studied varieties had different yields depending on the methods of tillage and the type of agricultural landscape. On the reclaimed territory and without protective plantings, the Bulat variety can be distinguished. The yield of this variety was the highest in all studied tillage options compared to other varieties. In the variant with flat-cut tillage to a depth of 0.25-0.27 m, it amounted to 2.63 t/ha under the conditions of the agricultural landscape without forest belts, and 2.89 t/ha under the protection of forest belts. Thus, it can be recommended for agricultural producers to cultivate the Bulat variety, and to carry out the main processing of light chestnut soil with a tool with flat-cutting working bodies to a depth of 0.25-0.27 m.

Formation of productivity of spring barley depending on the use of fungicides in the conditions of black soils of the Volgograd region

The article discusses the results of studies on the study of zoned varieties of spring barley in the zone of black soils and their reaction to the use of fungicides when treating seeds. It was found that in years with different climatic characteristics, there are differences in varieties in the duration of phenological phases. The longest growing season was observed for the Novonikolaevsky variety, and the shortest for the Prairie variety. The best results on germination and safety of plants were obtained on the variant with the Novonikolaevsky variety, while on all varieties it was noted that the use of a three-component fungicide promotes better germination and safety than on options with a single-component fungicide and without the use of fungicides. Analysis of the productivity of varieties showed that the studied varieties had different yields depending on the use of seed protectants. The yield of the Novonikolaevsky variety was the highest in all studied options for using fungicides compared to the Prairie variety. In the variant using the Vial Trio fungicide with the active ingredients Prochloraz 120 g/l, Thiabendazole 30 g/l, Cyproconazole 5 g/l, it was 3.41 t/ha. Thus, it can be recommended that agricultural producers cultivate the spring barley variety Novonikolaevsky, and carry out the main seed treatment with the fungicidal preparation Vial Trio.

Fenologia, demanda térmica e evolução da maturação da uva ‘BRS Vitória’ cultivada sobre diferentes porta-enxertos em condições subtropicais

Abstract The purpose of this study was to assess how ‘IAC 572’, ‘IAC 766’, and ‘Paulsen 1103’ rootstocks affected the duration of phenological phases, thermal demand, and chemical evolution throughout production cycle of the ‘BRS Vitória’ table grape cultivated in subtropical conditions. The duration of the following phenological stages was measured in days after pruning throughout two production seasons: budburst, flowering, setting, veraison, and harvest date. The thermal demand was determined using the degree-day concept. Titratable acidity, pH, soluble solids, and the maturation index were all measured throughout berry maturation. In general, the rootstocks ‘IAC 572’ and ‘IAC 766’ increased vine precocity in comparison to ‘Paulsen 1103’ during the early phenological phases. However, the vines grafted on ‘Paulsen 1103’ were earlier in the later phases, that is, at the veraison and at the harvest date, when compared to those grafted on the rootstocks ‘IAC 572’ and ‘IAC 766’. Under subtropical conditions, the total cycle period of the ‘BRS Vitória’ vine varied from 131 to 143 days, with thermal demands ranging from 1,545 to 1,725 DD. In comparison to the ‘IAC 572’ and the ‘IAC 766’, the ‘Paulsen 1103’ supplied the berries with a higher accumulation of soluble solids and a higher maturation index.

Assessment of growth and development of cowpea varieties based on phenological and morphological observations

The search and selection of cowpea varieties with optimal economic characteristics is a key factor in the development of cultivation technologies to increase yields. The purpose of the study was to determine the phenological and morphological characteristics of cowpea varieties and establish the relationship between economically valuable indicators and weather conditions. The leading approaches to studying this problem are field method – to assess the growth and development of cowpea varieties; statistical – to conduct variance and correlation analysis of the assessment of morphological features and economically valuable indicators of cowpea. Five cowpea varieties were studied: Groik (Israel), Kafedralna (Ukraine), Gasson (Vietnam), American improved (USA), and U-Cha-Kontou (China). It was found that the duration of phenological phases of cowpea varieties depended on weather conditions. Varieties of cowpea were characterised by early maturation periods for the sum of effective temperatures of 192.0-207.5°C and precipitation of 30.54-31.65 mm. Earlier maturation periods were the varieties American improved, Kafedralna, Gasson with the duration of the period from germination to the beginning of harvesting ripeness of the pod – 58-62 days and the duration of the period from germination to biological ripeness of seeds – 92-94 days. For the vegetable industry, bush varieties Kafedralna and U-Cha-Kontou with a plant height of 48.5-54.9 cm were promising, which formed tender long beans with a weak parchment layer (22.8-23.6 cm). Groik and Gasson varieties proved valuable for growing seedlings due to the small light-coloured seeds with a plant height of 61.8-100.5 cm and the formation of a large number of short beans on the plant (12.8-15.6 cm). A strong relationship between morphological features and economically valuable indicators of cowpea has been established. The average bean yield had a direct strong relationship with the total number of beans per plant (r=0.93) and a strong inverse relationship with the length of the bean (r=-0.88). As the length of the beans increased, the average yield of beans and the number of beans on the plant decreased, as evidenced by a strong inverse relationship between these indicators (r=-0.93). The materials of the paper are of practical value for increasing the species diversity of vegetable crops and improving the provision of valuable food products to the population

Результаты интродукции сорта Сhrysanthemum L. в условиях Мангистау

The article presents the results of an introductory study of Korean chrysanthemum varieties in the collection of the Mangyshlak Experimental Botanical Garden. As a result of phenological observations of 26 varieties of chrysanthemum in 2018–2020, it was revealed that chrysanthemum varieties are long-growing. The duration of phenological phases is more dependent on the biological characteristics of the variety and on the meteorological factors of the year of study. During the three-year period of observations on the flowering dates in the arid conditions of Mangistau, 4 groups of chrysanthemum varieties were identified: early, middle, mediumlate, and late varieties. The total flowering duration of chrysanthemum varieties was on average from 20 to 45 days. Flowering of early varieties lasts about 25–28 days, medium and medium-late — from 35 to 45, late — about 25 days. Also, this study provides an assessment of the decorative and biological properties of chrysanthemum varieties. Through the comprehensive assessment, the most promising varieties of chrysanthemum were identified, which make it possible to create decorative floral compositions of various types in the conditions of the arid zone of Mangistau, and thereby replenish the assortment of decorative perennial plants with new varieties.

Региональное луговодство на основе арктополевицы широколистной сорта Приохотская

The article deals with the topical issue of the formation of the local livestock feed base and the preservation of the productive longevity of sown meadows, based on the variety of broad-leaved arktopolitsa Priokhotskaya (Arctagrostis latifolia), created in 2012 in the Magadan Research Institute of Agriculture (R.Br .) Griseb). The purpose of the research is to create a regional system of seed production of perennial grasses to reduce the volume of the market of imported seeds and the formation of an economically valuable crop of fodder grasses at the expense of their own. The results of research conducted by the Institute's staff for a number of years (from 2012 to the present) give an idea of the full characteristics of the variety, revealing the full potential for plant growth and development, changes in the biochemical composition of feed during the growing season, depending on the phases of development. In extreme soil and climatic conditions of agricultural lands of the Magadan region, located mainly on permafrost tundra soils, the variety has the maximum adaptation over the years to abiotic and biotic factors, which determines the effectiveness of its use in regional meadow farming. A tendency to increase the protein and fat content in the earing phase and a gradual decrease in these indicators in later phases of development due to increased nutrient intake by the plant due to a sharp increase in aboveground mass has been established. The content of fiber, ash and calcium in plant tissues increases gradually and reaches a maximum by the time of maturation. A change in the biochemical composition and a stable reaction to meteorological conditions regulating the duration of phenological phases indicates the unique properties of the development of the variety and its adaptive capabilities in the conditions of the Northeast.

The influence of abiotic factors on the growth and development of parsnip plants

The main drivers influencing plant growth, yield increase and its quality characteristics are biotic and abiotic factors. Combinations of abiotic stresses, such as drought and heat, have a much greater impact on yields and product quality. Plants' response to these stresses can vary depending on the species and different stages of development. Understanding the mechanisms and how they protect plants from stress has become vital for improving the yield and quality of parsnip products in changing climates. The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of abiotic factors (temperature and precipitation) on the yield, duration of phenological phases of growth and development of plants, the dynamics of leaf and root mass growth of parsnip in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The research was carried out in the field experiment of the Department of Vegetable Growing and Closed Ground in the National Research Institute “Fruit and Vegetable Garden” of NUBiP of Ukraine within the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine during 2015-2017. The area of the registered plot was 11.3 m2, and the repetition rate of the experiment is four times. The placement of variants is systematic. The research found that the shortest sowing-emergence period lasted 16 days in the variants sown in the 3rd ten-day period of May and the 1st ten-day period of June. A significant delay of 21 days in this period was noted for sowings from 1st to 3rd ten-day periods of April. The duration of the period from the beginning of root crop formation to bunch ripeness was the shortest when sown in the 1st ten-day period of April – 28 days, and the longest when sown in the 1st ten-day period of June – 51 days. The growing season ranged from 110 to 165 days and was characterised by GDD (> 10 °C) of 1102.4-1439.0 °C and precipitation of 128.1-225.2 mm. After sowing in April, intensive growth of root crops from 2.9 to 3.5 g / day was observed in the second half of August. After sowing in May, the greatest increase in root crops from 2.1 to 2.7 g/day was noted in the first half of September. Thus, for sowings in the 1st ten-day period of June, this figure was the highest in the second half of September (1.9 g/day). The variant sown in the 1st ten-day period of April provided a high yield of root crops of 50.3 t/ha, which is 5.3 t/ha or 11.8% significantly more than the control variant. When sowing in the following terms, a significant decrease in yields was observed compared to the control, namely: for 3rd ten-day period of April – by 3.5 t/ha, or 7.7%, for 1st ten-day period of May – by 8.8 t/ha, or 19.6%, for 2nd ten-day periods of May – by 17.4 t/ha, or 38.6%, for 3rd ten-day periods of May – by 23.0 t/ha, or 51.1%, for 1st ten-day period of June – by 31.7 t/ha, 70.6% compared to the control. A strong direct correlation (r = 0.74-0.99) was found between the growing season and yield, root mass, marketability, and biochemical parameters, namely: dry matter, dry soluble matter, sugars, vitamin C. An inverse correlation (r = -0.98) was observed between the duration of the growing season and nitrates. Increasing the growing season by 10 days increases the yield up to 6.9 t/ha, marketability up to 2.7%, root weight up to 31 g, dry matter content up to 0.7%, dry soluble matter up to 0.3%, sugars up to 0.5%, vitamin C up to 0.8 mg/100 g and reduces the nitrate content to 8.4 mg/kg. Leaf area, photosynthetic potential, and net photosynthetic productivity are strongly directly related (r = 0.92-0.98) to yield. For increasing the leaf surface area to 1.0 thousand m2 the yield is also growing up to 0.7 t/ha. Increasing the photosynthetic potential to 0.05 million m2 days/ha increases the yield to 0.2-1.2 t/ha. Also, the yield increases to 0.3-0.7 t/ha with an increase in net photosynthetic productivity to 0.05 g/m2 per day. The molecular knowledge on plant responses to abiotic stress is promising for further study and is likely to advance crop resilience to climate change and increase the economic efficiency of production

Study of the phenology and seed productivity of golden root (Sedum roseum (L.) Scop.) in the Central region of the Non‐chernozem zone of the Russian Federation

Aim. The study of the phenology and seed productivity of golden root plants in the 2nd‐4th years of life in the Moscow region under the influence of meteorological conditions. Methods. The objects of research were plants of golden root from the biocollection of VILAR in Moscow. The studies included field and laboratory experiments, which conducted in 2016‐2019 according to methods adopted in medicinal plant production. Weather conditions in the Moscow region during the research period were identified on the Internet. Seed productivity was assessed according to generally accepted methods. Determination of seed sowing qualities was carried outaccording to National Standard 34221‐2017.Results. The influence of weather conditions on the passage of phenological phases of young golden root plants in 2016‐2019 in the Non‐chernozem zone of the Russian Federation under experimental field conditions was studied for the first time. The duration of phenological phases depending on conditions in the year of observation was determined. The composition of the population of young golden root plants for the second, third and fourth years of vegetation wasestablished. Adverse factors which reduce seed productivity and affect the quality of seeds were identified.Conclusion. The favourable meteorological characteristics of the growing season contributed to an increase in the mass of 1000 seeds by an average of 43 mg and increased seed germination to 82%. Differences in seed quality and productivity of seeds depending on the conditions of the year of observation may indicate the necessity for measures for adaptation of the plants to harmful environmental factors.

IMPROVEMENT OF TECHNOLOGICAL METHODS OF SEED POTATO GROWING

The article presents the results of studies of the influence of fertilizer, weight of planting tubers and varietal characteristics on the duration of phenological phases of potato varieties of different ripeness groups. In the Laperla variety, seedlings appeared for 31-32 days, depending on the weight of the tubers, in the Granada variety, for 33-34 days, and in the Memphis variety, for 35-36 days. That is, there is a general prolongation of the period of emergence of seedlings depending on the group of ripeness of potatoes. The budding phase used to occur in the Laperla variety - on 48-49 days, a little later in the Granada variety - on 53-54 days and even later in the Memphis variety - on 56-57 days. A similar trend was observed in the flowering phase, which occurred most rapidly in the early-maturing variety Laperla - 65-66 days, a little later in the variety Granada - 69-70 days and the longest in the variety Memphis - 74-75 days. Due to the increase in topical fertilization with the dose of N45P45K45 against the background of 40 t / ha of semi-roasted manure under the predecessor - winter wheat and Kalimagnesia K56Mg16S30 under the main tillage of potatoes and Amophos N10P46 prolongation of the onset of phenological phases of growth and development. Thus, in the Laperla variety the seedlings appeared on days 38-39, in the Granada variety on the 38th and 39th days, and in the Memphis variety on the 41st and 42nd days. The onset of the budding phase in this variant of the experiment in the variety Laperla was observed for 54-55 days, in the variety Granada for 58-59 days, and in the variety Memphis for 61-62 days. The onset of the flowering phase in the Laperla variety was observed for 72-73 days, in the Granada variety for 74-75 days, and in the Memphis variety for 80 days.

Вплив абіотичних факторів на ріст і розвиток рослин пастернаку посівного

The main factors that have a great influence on plant growth, as well as on increasing the yield and its quality characteristics, are biotic and abiotic. Combinations of abiotic stresses, such as drought and heat, have a much greater impact on yields and product quality. The response of plants to these stresses can vary depending on the species, as well as at different stages of development. Understanding the mechanisms and how they protect plants from stress has become vital to improving the yield and quality of parsnip products in changing climatic conditions. The research aimed to study the influence of abiotic factors (temperature and precipitation) on yield, duration of phenological phases of plant growth and development, dynamics of growth of leaves and roots of parsnip in the Right Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The research was conducted in the field experiment of the Department of Vegetable Growing and Closed Soil in NL "Fruit and Vegetable Garden" NUBIP of Ukraine in the Right Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine during 2015-2017. The area of the accounting plot was 11.3 m2, the repetition of the experiment was 4 times. The arrangement of the research plots was systematic. As a result of research, it is established that the shortest period of sowing-seedlings lasted 16 days in the options for sowing in the 3rd decade of May and the 1st decade of June. Significant delay for 21 days of this period was observed for sowing from the 1st to the 3rd decade of April. The duration of the period from the beginning of root formation to beam ripeness was the smallest for sowing in the 1st decade of April – 28 days, and the largest for sowing in the 1st decade of June – 51 days. The vegetation period ranged from 110 to 165 days and passed for the sum of temperatures (> 10 °С) 1102.4-1439.0 °C and the sum of precipitation 128.1-225.2 mm. During sowing in April, an intensive increase in root crops from 2.9 to 3.5 g/day was observed in the second half of August. During sowing in May, the largest increase in root crops from 2.1 to 2.7 g/day was observed in the first half of September. Thus, for sowing in the 1st decade of June, this figure was highest in the second half of September (1.9 g/day). The option for sowing in the 1st decade of April provided a high yield of root crops of 50.3 t/ha, which is 5.3 t/ha or 11.8% significantly more than the control. When sowing in the following periods, a significant decrease in yield was observed compared to the control, namely: for the 3rd decade of April – by 3.5 t/ha, or 7.7%, for the 1st decade of May – by 8.8 t/ha, or 19.6%, for the 2nd decade of May – by 17.4 t/ha, or 38.6%, for the 3rd decade of May – by 23.0 t/ha, or 51.1%, for the 1st decade of June – by 31.7 t/ha, 70.6% compared to the control. There was a direct strong relationship (r = 0.74-0.99) between the growing season and yield, root weight, marketability, and biochemical parameters, namely: dry matter, dry soluble matter, sugars, vitamin C. The inverse of the strong (r = -0.98) was observed between the duration of the growing season and nitrates. Increasing the growing season by 10 days increases the yield to 6.9 t/ha, marketability up to 2.7%, root weight up to 31 g, dry matter content up to 0.7%, dry soluble matter up to 0.3%, sugars up to 0,5%, vitamin C to 0.8 mg/100 g and reduces the nitrate content to 8.4 mg/kg. Leaf area, photosynthetic potential, net photosynthesis productivity are in strong direct connection (r = 0.92-0.98) with yield. As the leaf surface area increases to 1.0 thousand m2/ha, the yield increases to 0.7 t/ha. Increasing the photosynthetic potential to 0.05 million m2 per day/ha increases the yield to 0.2-1.2 t/ha. Also, the yield increases to 0.3-0.7 t/ha by increasing the net productivity of photosynthesis to 0.05 g/m2 per day. Promising for further study is molecular knowledge of plant responses to abiotic stress, likely to pave the way for making crops resistant to climate change and increase the economic efficiency of production.

FROM THE EXPERIENCE OF EVALUATING THE ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES IN SMALL BULBOUS PLANTS USING CROCUSES AS AN EXAMPLE

The issues of introduction, study, reproduction, and of use the group of small bulbous plants in landscaping are dealt with in many scientific and educational institutions. Research is being carried out using various methods, but there is no methodology for variety study of small-bulbous crops with the purpose to use them in landscaping. The purpose of this work was to study crocus varieties and assess their ornamental qualities using the developed methodology of small bulbous plants study for their use in landscaping. In the years 2016–2020, the research was conducted with open-ground bulbous plants of the collection belonging to the Floriculture Department of the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences and growing on the experimental plots in Razdolnoye village (Sochi). The objects of research were 16 crocus varieties. As a result of the research carried out, the following varieties with high ornamental qualities were identified from crocus collection: ‘Fuscotinctus’ (57), ‘Miss Vain’ (58), ‘Yellow’ (58), ‘Flower Record’ (58), ‘Remembrance’ (59). The variety groups were revealed by flowering terms: very early, which begin to flower in late January — early February for ‘Fuscotinctus’ and ‘Miss Vain’; early (from the second ten-day period of February) for ‘Romance’, ‘Blue Pearl’ and others; middle (from the third ten-day period of February) for ‘Flower Record’, ‘King of the Striped’ and others. Cultivars recorded with a flowering period of 30 days or more are: ‘Blue Pearl’, ‘Miss Vain’, ‘Yellow’, ‘Fuscotinctus’ and ‘Romance’. The study carried out with crocus collection of the Floriculture Department showed that all varieties have high ornamental qualities, are resistant to biotic factors and can be used in landscaping. As for the data on terms and duration of phenological phases, they can be used in landscape designing.

Influence of Modern Climate Warming on the Terms of Basic Phenological Phases in the Population of Spermophilus pygmaeus Pallas, 1778 (Rodentia, Mammalia) on the Territory of the Yergenin Uplands

The results of a comparative analysis of the terms and duration of phenological phases in the population of the little ground squirrel in the central part of the Yergenin Uplands in the years 1926–1932, 1972–1982, and 2000–2015 are presented. It is noted that in the years 1926–1932 all the main phenological life phases of populations of the little ground squirrel took place exclusively during the spring–summer period (March–August). It is proved that in the period 2000–2015, under the influence of modern climate warming, the emergence of the population of the small gopher out of hibernation began to be noted during the winter months (January–February) compared to 1926–1932. The beginning and end of the pregnancy period was recorded between the first ten-day period of February and the third ten-day period of March. Accordingly, preparation for hibernation (fattening) of adult animals began to occur also at an earlier date (March, April) and ended mainly in May. The first appearance of young of the little ground squirrel on the surface and their dispersal began to take place in April–May. The mass hibernation of young ground squirrels was recorded in late June–early July. At the same time, a tendency to increase was noted in comparison with the period 1926–1932 of the total duration of the hibernation period of young animals (July–January or February). A decrease in the intensity of fodder migrations of adult ground squirrels to lowering of the relief was also noted.

Effect of the Current Climate Warming on the Terms of Key Phenological Stages in the Population of <i>Spermophilus pygmaeus</i> Pallas, 1778 (Rodentia, Mammalia) in the Ergenin Upland Territory

Журнал принимает на русском и английском языках статьи, представляющие результаты научных исследований в различных областях теоретической и прикладной экологии. Приоритет отдается научным статьям, основанным на явно сформулированных гипотезах.

Evaluation of water requirement, commercial quality, and yield response factor of gladiolus produced with automated irrigation in different growing periods

ABSTRACT Water management and meteorological conditions during the cropping phase play an essential role in maintaining the commercial quality of cut flowers. This study evaluates water requirement, sensitivity to water deficit, and commercial quality of gladiolus ‘Amsterdam’ produced with automated irrigation in different growing periods. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with five replicates and consisted of the growing period factors (winter/spring 2018 and autumn/winter 2019) and the irrigation level factors (45% - L1, 60% - L2, 80% - L3, and 100% - L4 of crop water requirement). An automatic irrigation controller was used for irrigation management. At the harvest point, we evaluated the stems for the diameter, number of flowers, spike length, and floral stem length. We also evaluated stomatal conductance, leaf area, and duration of phenological phases on degree-days. The application of 100% crop water requirement using an automatic irrigation controller in the autumn/winter cycle results in better commercial classification. The treatment with 45% of the crop water requirement extended the total duration of the cycle. In conclusion, flower stems of better commercial classification are obtained with 100% of crop water requirement during the autumn/winter cycle.

The influence of seed rate on the growth and development of early maturysorg cereal hybrids

The results of four-year research on the influence of seeding rates on the dynamics of biometric indicators, the duration of phenological phases of development and plant safety of modern early-ripening hybrids of grain sorghum are given. It is established that the seeding rates of 120 and 160 thousand pieces/ha cause lengthening of the tillering period and the interphase formation period – grain ripening. Increasing the seeding rate to 240 thousand pieces /ha led to a decrease in the field germination rates of seeds and plant safety in all studying hybrids. The discrepancy between the height of plants by the seeding rates of 120 and 160 thousand pieces/ha was minimal and increased at high seeding rates of 200 and 240 thousand pieces / ha. For all the studying seeding rates, the maximum air-dry mass of plants was formed by the hybrid sorghum Yutami in all years of research. Keywords: sorghum, seeding rate, phenological phases, field germination, plant safety, height, air-dry mass.

Оценка генотипов яровой тритикале по продолжительности фенологических фаз, урожайности и качеству зерна

Исследования проводились в Московской области в 20172018 годах. В настоящее время тритикале ( Triticosecale Wittm.) в основном является кормовой культурой, однако она ценна и для пищевого направления использования. Целью работы было выявление генотипов яровой тритикале, обладающих высокой урожайностью и хорошим качеством зерна. Изучены элементы структуры урожая и качество зерна шести сортов отечественной и зарубежной селекции, а также шести селекционных линий, полученных коллективом авторов. Эксперимент и анализ результатов работы выполнены по Методике государственного сортоиспытания сельскохозяйственных культур . Метеорологические условия значительно повлияли на формирование различных элементов структуры урожая, а также на качество зерна яровой тритикале. Продолжительность вегетационного периода в 2017 году была почти на 3 недели больше, чем в 2018 году, вследствие его низкой теплообеспеченности. В сложившихся погодных условиях 20172018 годов самой низкорослой была линия П2-13-5-2. Линия С259 характеризовалась наиболее крупным зерном, среднеплотным колосом и высокой урожайностью. Сортообразцы Хлебодар Харьковский, Лана, C238 и Л8665 имели стабильную урожайность на уровне стандарта. Сорта Лана, Sandro и селекционные линии C259, 6-35-5 и П2-13-5-2 показали высокое содержание белка и клейковины в сравнении со стандартом Укро. Выделенные сортообразцы могут быть использованы в селекционных программах на урожайность и хорошее качество зерна. Сорт Ульяна и селекционная линия С259 были наиболее урожайными, адаптивными и характеризовались хорошими показателями качества зерна. Сорт Лана и линии П2-13-5-2 и Л8665 давали хлеб с хорошей общей хлебопекарной оценкой. The research was conducted in the Moscow region in 20172018. Currently triticale (Triticosecale Wittm.) is mainly a forage crop, but it is also valuable for food use. The aim of the work was to identify genotypes of spring triticale with high yield and good grain quality. The elements of crop structure and grain quality in 6 varieties of domestic and foreign selection, as well as 6 breeding lines obtained by the team of authors were studied. The experiment and analysis of the results of the work were carried out by the method of state variety testing of agricultural crops. Meteorological conditions significantly influenced the formation of various elements of the crop structure, as well as the quality of spring triticale grain. The duration of the growing season in 2017 was almost 3 weeks longer than in 2018, due to low heat supply. In the current weather conditions of 2017-2018 the plants of the line P2-13-5-2 had the shortest plant height. Line C259 was characterized by the largest grain, medium-dense ear and high yield. Genotypes Khlebodar Kharkovsky, Lana, C238 and L8665 had a stable yield at the standard level. Varieties Lana, Sandro and breeding lines C259, 6-35-5 and P2-13-5-2 showed a high content of protein and gluten in comparison with the standard Ukro. The selected varieties can be used in breeding programs for yield and good quality of grain. Variety Ulyana and breeding line C259 were the most productive, adaptive and characterized by good indicators of grain quality. Lana variety and lines P2-13-5-2 and L8665 gave bread with a good overall baking score.

ASSESSMENT OF THE HERBOLOGICAL SITUATION OF AGRO-PHYTOCENOSES OF SPRING BARLEY DURING THE USE OF VARIOUS PRECURSORS IN THE EXPERIMENTAL FIELD

The article reflects the results of many years of studying the peculiarities of the formation of the number of weeds in the agrophytocenosis of spring barley, depending on the previous culture. The general structure of weed species and their genus are estimated taking into account the features of the precursor. Species diversity has been assessed depending on the nature of the previous culture. A grouping of recorded weeds into biological groups was carried out, taking into account the type of the previous crop and the peculiarities of its cultivation technology. The general patterns of the formation of the structure of weeds are formulated taking into account typological predecessors and the dynamics of the formation of each biological group of weeds in the general structure of vegetation is evaluated. Peculiarities of the conjugate formation of weed are determined taking into account the duration of phenological phases of growth and development of spring barley, and an analysis is made of the features of increasing the total weediness of the field taking into account the competitive features of cultivated plants as precursors of spring barley.