Duration Of Interphase Periods Research Articles

INFLUENCE OF METHODS OF BASIC TILLAGE AND FERTILIZERS ON THE YIELD OF SPRING WHEAT IN THE CONDITIONS OF AF "KOLOS" OF THE TETYUSHSKY MUNICIPAL DISTRICT OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN

INFLUENCE OF METHODS OF BASIC TILLAGE AND FERTILIZERS ON THE YIELD OF SPRING WHEAT IN THE CONDITIONS OF AF "KOLOS" OF THE TETYUSHSKY MUNICIPAL DISTRICT OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN

Exhibiting of tomato breeding characteristics on different types of low-volume technology

The comparative test of experimental F1 tomato hybrids was conducted under conditions of two different types of low-volume technology (MPVI "Fitopiramida", technology of growing in mats with drip irrigation) in 2021. The conducted researches have shown that duration of interphase periods, level of yield and fruit quality depend on cultivation technology. According to the data obtained, in conditions of MPVI "Fitopiramida" all studied F1 tomato hybrids enter fruiting faster and provide higher yield compared to the technology of growing in mats, but are inferior in average fruit weight, soluble dry matter content and taste qualities. As perspective F1 tomato hybrids for "Fitopiramida" technology hybrids Ga62(2) and Ga21, submitted for registration to Gossortcommission, were identified. On low-volume technology in mats hybrid Ga27a showed the best result. A strong correlation was found between estimates of the signs "average fruit weight" (r = 0,93) and "soluble dry matter content" (r = 0,81). It is possible to conduct preliminary selections in conditions of low-volume technology in mats according to these signs. For the most reliable assessment and accurate selection of the most perspective tomato hybrids for "Fitopiramida" technology their testing on hydroponic installations is required.

The effect of weather conditions on the seasonal rhythm of plant development of Amur cork tree (<i>Phellodendron amurense</i>rupr.) in the forest-steppe of the Ob region

Background. Amur cork tree is a valuable woody plant of great economic importance. Its bark, liber, leaves, and fruits are successfully used in medicine and cosmetology. This tree is very ornamental and serves as is a good honey plant. It can be a potential source of industrial cork. Due to its properties and relative unpretentiousness, Amur cork tree may be of interest for introduction. In this regard, the aim of the research was to study the peculiarities of the influence of weather conditions on the seasonal rhythm of plant development for Amur cork tree (Phellodendron amurense Rupr.) under the conditions of the foreststeppe in the Ob region.Materials and methods. Thirty two Amur cork trees were used as the material for the study. These trees were successfully introduced in the forest-steppe of the Ob region. Phenological observations to evaluate the rhythm of seasonal growth were carried out according to the methodological recommendations of I. D. Yurkevich and coauthors. The Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was used to identify the dependence of the rhythm of seasonal growth on weather conditions.Results. The plants of Amur cork tree were found to be successfully adapted to the conditions of the arboretum of the Siberian Research Institute of Plant Production and Breeding. It was shown that in the year with the highest sum of effective temperatures (2020), the duration of interphase periods was on average 2 days shorter than in other years. At the same time, in the coldest year (2018), the plants did not have time to complete their leaf fall before the snow cover appeared. The vegetation of Amur cork tree was observed to start in mid-May. The completion of the growing season varies greatly from year to year. Conclusion. It was established that the seasonal development of Amur cork tree in the forest-steppe of the Ob region corresponded to the features specific to the development of this species within its natural range.

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF POTATO PLANTS DEPENDING ON THE TERMS OF APPLICATION OF MANUR

Potatoes are one of the most important agricultural crops in Kazakhstan. It is an indispensable food item, because it is popularly called a second bread for its nutritional value. The studies were conducted to identify the influence of the timing of litter manure application in conjunction with mineral fertilizers and planting density on the duration of potato development phases and plant height in the West Kazakhstan region. The experiments were laid by a systematic method with a tiered arrangement of variants in the experiment, the repetition is 3-fold. Cattle manure was used on a straw litter of autumn-winter harvesting. The following types of fertilizers were used: ammonium nitrate, double superphosphate, potassium chloride. Research methods: descriptive method and methods of field experiments. Statistical processing of the yield was carried out by a dispersion analysis. Phenological observations in experiments have shown that the doses of mineral fertilizers and the timing of manure application have some effect on the phases of potato plant development. Weather conditions also have a great influence on the duration of interphase periods. The timing of manure application in combination with mineral fertilizers had a certain effect on plant growth, but differences in plant height were more noticeable from the budding phase and in subsequent phases, therefore, we provide data on plant height in the flowering phase. The plant height was also influenced by the timing of manure application, and the weather conditions of the year, as well as the density of planting, the lowest plants were obtained in variants without manure application and its application in winter on snow. This pattern has been observed in all years of research. The tallest plants are noted when applying manure under the chill and during spring application. This work is of practical importance for the cultivation of potatoes on dark chestnut soils of the Republic of Kazakhstan under irrigation with the use of optimal doses of mineral fertilizers and manure. Properly chosen doses of mineral fertilizers and manure can increase the yield of potatoes from 35% to 50%, while now it is 75-80 centners per hectare

Study of middle-early cultivars and hybrids of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) under irrigation within the conditions of Astrakhan region

The objects of research were cultivars and hybrids of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). The purpose of the study was to select the most productive varieties and F1 hybrids of middle-early sweet pepper with high quality fruits for industrial production in irrigated conditions of the Astrakhan region. During the study, it was found that cultivars and F1 hybrids varied in the duration of interphase periods. The period between germination and biological ripeness for cultivars took from 127 to 143 days, and for F1 hybrids – from 126 to 133 days. The cultivars were shorter from 0.42 m (Yaroslav) to 0.68 m (Belozerka), hybrids were from 0.57 m (F1 Pamir) to 0.74 m (F1 Vitamin (st.). The largest fruit weight of 118 g was found at Novichok VNIIOB variety that was in 1.9 times more than the fruit weight of standard variety Podarok Moldovy. Within hybrids, the largest fruit weight of 132 g was noted at F1 Bella Vista, the smallest one of 103 g at F1 Pamir. The yielding capacity of varieties Novichok VNIIOB and Sadovoye Koltso was significantly higher by 2.6-2.8 t/ha compared to the standard cultivar Podarok Moldovy. The F1 hybrids were producing high yield. The yield excess at F1 Bella Vista was by 1.6% and more significantly at F1 Pamir by 6.2% in comparison with the standard. It was revealed a high marketability of fruits which equaled 92-94% for cultivars, 95-96% for F1 hybrids.

STUDY OF BIOECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND PHENOLOGICAL FEATURES OF CERTAIN VARIETIES OF ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS (L.) MOENCH IN CONDITIONS IN THE VINNYTSIA REGION

The article presents the results of bioecological characteristics and phenological features of some varieties of Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench in Vinnytsia region: two varieties of Ukrainian origin - ‘Sopilka’ and ‘Alabama red’, as well as a variety of okra of Turkish origin - ‘Sultani’. Germination energy and seed germination were studied. The results of phenological observations are obtained: calendar terms of the beginning of phenological phases, duration of phases and interphase periods of selected varieties. It was found that the earliest passage of phenological phases is the variety Abelmoschus esculentus of Turkish origin - ‘Sultani’. For this variety, the duration of the interphase periods (for 2018-2019) was: «sowing-germination» - 20 days, «germination-flowering» - 54 days, «flowering-beginning of fruiting» - 4 days. According to the results of 2020, the interphase periods for the variety ‘Sultani’ were longer by an average of 3-4 days.

Ecological study of corn hybrids in the steppe zone of the Lower Volga

In connection with the actualization of the problem of import substitution for the production of seeds and corn cultivation in the Volga region, a comprehensive assessment of domestic hybrids is of interest. The study included 19 maize hybrids (FAO 150-499) bred by various scientific institutions of Russia, which were assessed according to the following characteristics: the length of the sprout-flowering interphase periods of panicles and ears, plant height, ear attachment height, grain yield, number of grains per ear, crude protein and crude fat content. When calculating the parameters mathematically, the hybrid was taken into account as factor A, and the year as factor B. There was a significant difference in the duration of interphase periods (factor A), and the difference in factor B was not established. The hybrids Raduga, Mashuk 350 MV, Krasnodar 377 MV, Ladozhsky 410 MV, Mashuk 480 SV are distinguished by a relatively long stem and high attachment of the ear. Different origins of hybrids and germplasm determined the reaction of genotypes to the experimental conditions, which was reflected in their significant differences in generative traits for factors A, B and genotype - environment AB interaction. The experiment revealed a significant difference in the indicators of the biochemical composition of grain (factors A, B, AB) in the content of fat, ash, and fiber. In terms of the content of protein, nitrogen-free extractive substances, differences were revealed only between varieties, while the factor of the year (B) and the interaction "genotype - environment" (AB) turned out to be insignificant.

Формування продуктивності люпину білого в сучасних кліматичних умовах

Goal. To evaluate the influence of weather conditions in the years of research on the duration of interphase periods and the growing season of white lupine of Chabansky variety, generative development, the formation of the level of yield, and its quality. Methods. Field, weighing and laboratory research methods were used to assess plant growth and development, as well as product quality. By B.A. Dospekhov method of correlation and regression analysis, they identified variability and relationships between these indicators and weather conditions. Results. Weather conditions, which developed in 2016–2020 in the period from sowing to full maturity of white lupine plants, differed significantly over the years of research and affected the duration of the period sowing-seedlings, growing season, plant growth and development, and ultimately — the level of the crop harvest. The most favorable conditions for the formation of the crop were formed in 2016, as evidenced by the highest yield of 4.18 t/ha and the index of conditions of the year 0.69; less favorable in 2018 — 3.95 t/ha and the index of conditions of the year 0.46; in 2019 — 3.60 t/ha and 0.11; in 2017 — 3.14 t/ha and 0.35 respectively. 2020 was the most unfavorable, as indicated by the minimum yield of 2.57 t/ha and the index of annual conditions — 0.92. Weather conditions also affected the quality of the obtained products — the content of crude protein in grain ranged from 33.4 to 36.0%, and its collection depended on the level of crop yield and amounted to 1.48–0.86 t/ha. Conclusions. Peculiarities of interphase periods and duration of growing season of the variety Chabansky of white lupine, plant development, yield level, and grain quality differed depending on meteorological conditions that developed during the growing season during the research years (2016–2020). To reduce the impact of these factors, as well as to obtain a stable grain yield, it is necessary to create varieties that are resistant to adverse conditions, and also to use anti-stress agents and plant growth stimulants.

Formation of productivity of naked oat varieties under different cultivation conditions

The results of studying naked oat yield indicators depending on different sowing dates and seeding rates are presented. The study was carried out in 2016-2020 in a field experiment in Western Siberia. Samples of different groups of the crop ripeness were studied: mid-early variety Gavrosh and mid-ripening variety Ofenya. The duration of the growing season of naked oats was influenced by meteorological factors. There was a tendency observed for a decrease in the duration of interphase periods and the growing season as a whole from an early sowing date to a later one by 4-10 days for the Gavrosh variety and by 8-10 days for the Ofenya variety. The yield of the Gavrosh variety at an early sowing period significantly exceeded the same indicator at a mid-period by 17.6% and at a late period - by 19.0%, of the Ofenya variety - by 10.9% and 16.2%, respectively. The increase in the yield for the early sowing period of the mid-early variety Gavrosh relative to the middle and late sowing dates was determined by a larger grain size (r = 0.6929 ... 0.9535 at R = 0.5140). For the midripening variety Ofenya, the number of productive stems per unit area (r = 0.7444 ... 0.9054 with R = 0.5140) and the weight of 1000 grains (r = 0.5350 ... 0.8297 at R = 0.5140) were of more importance in the years of research on all variants. The most optimal seeding rate for naked oat varieties is 5.0-6.0 million germinating grains/ha. At this rate, it was not the maximum manifestation of individual indicators of the yield structural elements, but a combination of their average values was noted.

Responsiveness of a new variety of spring barley Notable to the seeding rate in the Ryazan region

Relevance. At present, with the change in economic conditions and the possibilities of agricultural production, it is necessary to clarify in some cases and revise complex agro-technological methods for growing barley that meet the requirements of intensive technology. An increase in grain production is impossible without the development of modern, costly technologies for growing grain crops. Methods. In the conditions of the Institute of seed production and agricultural technologies – a branch of the Federal state budgetary scientific institution "Federal scientific Agroengineering center VIM" (Ryazan region) in 2018-2020, field studies were conducted to establish the optimal seeding rate for a new variety of spring barley Notable, which provides the highest and stable grain yield over the years. We studied seeding rates with an interval of 0,5 million germinating grains per hectare (3,0; 3,5; 4,0; 4,5; 5,0 and 5,5 million). Results . It was found that the seeding rates have a significant impact on the size and quality of the barley grain yield. It was found that a decrease in the rate of seeding of seeds of the Noble variety leads to an increase in the percentage of germination and preservation of plants before harvesting. Thus, the correlation analysis revealed a close relationship between the yield and the preservation of plants for harvesting (r=+0,86). Based on the observation of the phenological phases of this crop, it was found that the date of their occurrence and the duration of interphase periods did not depend on the seeding rates, but had a close relationship with weather conditions (r= + 0,71). Option with a seeding rate of 3,0 million crops. grains/ha formed the maximum tillering coefficient, had the highest productivity of one plant and the number of grains per ear compared to other variants of the experiment – 3,2; 3,6 and 25,3, respectively. In connection with the thickened sowing on the variant of 5,5 million vsh. grain / ha, there was an increase in the development of most leaf diseases by 1,0-1,5 points compared to the variant of 3,0 million vsx. grains/ha and by 0,5-1,0 points compared to the other variants of the experiment. The highest yield over the years of research was achieved with a seeding rate of 3,0 to 4,5 million crops. grain/ha – 6,4-6,5 t/ha.

Ecogeographic assessment of mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek) from the collection of the Vavilov Institute (VIR)

Background.Mung bean (Vigna radiata(L.) R. Wilczek) is a nontraditional crop for Russia. The crop’s main areas of cultivation are situated in the subtropical zone of the planet. However, positive experience with mung bean cultivation in a number of regions – the South of the European part and the Far East of Russia – implies the expediency of a search for source materials suitable for the development of cultivars adapted to these conditions.Materials and methods.The results of the field phenotyping of 76 mung bean landraces from VIR have been analyzed. The experiments were performed in 1949–1956 in Uzbekistan (former Central Asian Branch of VIR), and in 2009, 2018 and 2019 in Astrakhan Province, where VIR’s collection had been reproduced from the early 1990s. The data on the variability of phenological and agronomic characters and their relationships were compared for both areas and analyzed using the methods of multidimensional statistics.Results and discussion.A strong variability of all studied characters and their dependence on the environment were observed in both locations. According to the averaged longterm data, differences were found in the duration of interphase periods and the entire growing season, seed yield, plant height, and 1000 seed weight in both sites. Significant differences were shown in the strength of correlations between the studied characters. In Astrakhan Province and in the years with less favorable conditions in Uzbekistan, the level of correlations between most traits was higher. Therefore, an increase in the strength of the relationships between crop characters may be regarded as an indicator of unfavorable growing conditions. The genotypes with short periods from sprouting to flowering and from sprouting to maturation were the most resistant to environmental changes. It is these traits that should first of all be transferred to mung bean cultivars when promoting its production to the north, beyond its traditional area.

Biological features of formation of productivity of a new variety Hlukhivski 51

The dependence of sowing density, duration of interphase periods, intensity of plant growth in height by vegetation phases and signs of productivity of the new variety Hlukhivski 51 in comparison with the standard variety Hliana are emphasized. In contrast to the standard variety, the Hlukhivski 51 variety has a number of biological features of the genotype: longer interphase periods, plant growth intensity, fiber layer thickness and primary and secondary cell sizes, which ensures high productivity in terms of stem, fiber and long fiber yields. The high yield potential of the new variety is of great interest to producers of stem processing and fiber production.

Формування урожаю селери коренеплідної залежно від схеми висаджування

Формування урожаю селери коренеплідної залежно від схеми висаджування

Problems of breeding f1 hybrids rape and solutions

Purpose. Study the characteristics of sterile and fertile forms of winter rape for winter hardiness, duration of interphase periods, the sugar content in the nectar of flowers to address seed production hybrids F 1 . Methods, material. The studies were conducted during the 2010-2014. On experimental fields and the laboratory of the Plant Production Institute nd. V. Ya. Yuryev, Kharkov. Studied the original form of sterile and fertility restorer winter rape. Sowing was carried out at the optimum time, the end of the third decade of August. Observations and surveys carried out by conventional methods in scientific institutions. Micromethod used for determining free and invert sugar ferricyanide method. Results. Found that the sterile and fertile forms differ in terms of the passage of the interphase periods. The duration of the period of shoots - leaf rosette, resumption of the spring growing season - ramification, ramification - bud, budding - flowering, - wax ripeness was almost the same as that of sterile and fertile in forms. Differences over the years have been significant. During the flowering - green ripeness and the growing season in sterile form longer than the fertile forms an average of 17 and 23 days. Our investigations have established that forms fertile flowers compared with sterile synthesized more monosaccharides, sucrose and total sugars. The average fertile synthesized form monosaccharides 369 mkg / flower, sucrose 190 mkg / flower and total sugars 559 mkg / flower sterile form monosaccharides 250 mkg / flower, sucrose 108 mkg / flower and total sugars 360 mkg / flower. Concluded that the fertile form yavlyayutsya higher priority for pollination bee. When the studies were developed and proposed sites of hybridization schemes. Сonclusions. For pureness of hybrid seeds necessary to create a fertility restorer with simultaneous growth and development as a sterile lines. Necessary to develop schemes hybridization sites for oilseed rape.

УСТОЙЧИВОСТЬ ТРИТИКАЛЕ К ОСНОВНЫМ ВОЗБУДИТЕЛЯМ БОЛЕЗНЕЙ, РАСПРОСТРАНЕННЫМ В СЕВЕРО-ЗАПАДНОМ РЕГИОНЕ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

The modern triticale varieties have high feed advantages, they have a good tolerance to difficult environments and they are resistant to majority of phytopathogens. For the period of 2005-2006 phytosanitary monitoring for the triticale samples of different ecologo-geographic origin with spring (327 samples) and winter (37 samples) type of development from N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Plant Growing on the resistance to the basic wheat pathogens of Northwest region of the Russian Federation (brown and yellow rust, wheat leaf blotch, powdery mildew) was carried out. In addition, the authors determine the duration of interphase periods, the height of plants, the mass of 1000 grains. The pathogen of powdery mildew does not develop on samples of triticale. The maximal number of triticale samples, introduced from the European part of the former Soviet Union (Ukraine, Belarus) was characterized by absence of defeat symptoms by brown rust and wheat leaf blotch agents. Pathogenesis of the yellow rust agent was not found on the triticale samples, received from Central Asia, Northern Europe, Australia, South America, Asia and Africa. As was revealed, the greatest degree the attribute of triticale origin influenced on wheat leaf blotch pathogenesis, in the least – on brown and yellow rusts pathogenesis. As was revealed, the criterion of a triticale origin influenced on wheat leaf blotch pathogenesis in the greatest degree, and in the least – on brown and yellow rusts. In the greater degree the plants development type affect the wheat leaf blotch pathogenesis on triticale samples of the Russian selection and in smaller on triticale samples, received from European part of Former USSR, Northern Europe, East Europe, Central Europe.

Peculiarities of morpho- biological traits display and economical characteristics of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) varieties for the examination purposes

The option of soybean varieties identification by means of morpho-biological characteristics, in particular, the duration of interphase periods, is demonstrated in the article. Soybean varieties polymorphism is studied by the complex of economic characteristics, namely: protein and oil contain in the seed of soybean, yield, 1000 seeds weight. Example varieties are selected by the most stable display of characteristics.