Data on multiple consecutive health care-associated infections (HAIs) in patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are limited. We aim to identify the characteristics and outcomes of multiple, consecutive HAIs. This retrospective study included adult patients who underwent ECMO in a single cardiac ICU in China from May 2015 to December 2022. The incidence, clinical characteristics, risk factors, and impact on in-hospital mortality among patients with non-HAI, single HAI, and multiple HAIs were analyzed. Pathogens and infection sites for each new episode were compared. Of 192 patients, 92 (47.92%) developed 141 separate infections, with 41 (21.35%) experiencing multiple infections during a single ECMO period. Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) constituted the majority (75.89%), and gram-negative bacteria were the predominant pathogens (71.63%). RTIs decreased from 86.9% in the first infection to 14.3% in the third (P<.001), while bloodstream infections increased from 10.9% to 57.1% (P<.001). The proportion of gram-positive bacteria increased from 9.8% to 42.9% (P=.032). Prolonged ECMO duration was the only independent risk factor for multiple consecutive HAIs (odds ratio (OR)=1.220,P<.001). Multiple consecutive HAIs during ECMO were frequent, with distinct microbiological changes between initial and subsequent HAIs.