Duration Of Different Types Research Articles

Dynamic coordinated strategy for parking guidance in a mixed driving parking lot involving human-driven and autonomous vehicles

<abstract> <p>The advent of autonomous vehicles (AVs) poses challenges to parking guidance in mixed driving scenarios involving human-driven vehicles (HVs) and AVs. This study introduced a dynamic and coordinated strategy (DCS) to optimize parking space allocation and path guidance within a mixed driving parking lot, aiming to enhance parking-cruising efficiency. DCS considers the distinctive characteristics of HVs and AVs and dynamically formulates parking guiding schemes based on real-time conditions. The strategy encompasses four main steps: Triggering scheme formulation, identifying preoccupied parking spaces, updating the parking lot traffic network and optimizing the vehicle-path-space matching scheme. A programming model was established to minimize the total remaining cruising time, and iterative optimization was conducted with vehicle loading test based on timing. To elevate computational efficiency, the concept of parking-cruising path tree (PCPT) and its updating method were introduced based on the dynamic shortest path tree algorithm. Comparative analysis of cases and simulations demonstrated the efficacy of DCS in mitigating parking-cruising duration of different types of vehicles and minimizing forced delays arising from lane blocking. Notably, the optimization effect is particularly significant for vehicles with extended cruising durations or in parking lots with low AV penetration rates and high saturation, with an achievable optimization rate reaching up to 18%. This study addressed challenges related to drivers' noncompliance with guidance and lane blocking, thereby improving overall operational efficiency in mixed driving parking lots.</p> </abstract>

The Use of the "Respiratory Rate Oxygenation (ROX) Index" in the Assessment of Respiratory Support and Observation of Its Outcome in COVID-19 Patients With Acute Respiratory Failure.

COVID-19 infection caused by the SARS-Cov-2 virus may result in severe acute respiratory failure and require respiratory support in the ICU. The present study was designed to evaluate the role of the respiratory rate oxygenation (ROX) index in the assessment of the adequacy of non-invasive respiratory support the COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory failure and observe its outcome. This cross-sectional, observational study was conducted between October 2020 and September 2021 in the Department of Anaesthesia, Analgesia, and Intensive Care Medicine of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total of 44 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 with acute respiratory failure were enrolled in this study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Informed written consent was taken from the patient/patient's guardian. Each patient underwent detailed history taking through physical examination and relevant investigations.All necessary information were recorded in a separate case record form. All the patients receiving high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) were assessed at two hours, six hours, and 12 hours for variables of the ROX Index. The team of respective physicians was applied responsibly for determining HFNC failure to discontinue or deescalate respiratory support as a part of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) ventilation success. Each selected patient was observed for the duration of different types of respiratory support. CPAP failure or success, progression to mechanical ventilation, and data were collected from individual medical records. The patients who were successfully weaned from CPAP were recorded. The diagnostic accuracy of the ROX index was determined. The mean age of the patients was 65±8.80 years with a majority in the age group 61-70 years (36.4%). A male predominance was observed with 79.5% male and 20.5% female. Of all, HFNC failure was observed in 29.5% of patients. Oxygen saturation (SpO2), respiratory rate (RR), and ROX index were statistically worse at the sixthand 12th hour of initiation of HFNC (P<0.05). At a cut-off value of 3.90, the ROC curve showed 90.3% sensitivity and 76.9% specificity in predicting HFNC success (the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.909). Similarly, 46.2% of patients had CPAP failure. SpO2, RR, and ROX index were found statistically worse among those patients at the sixth and 12th hour of CPAP therapy (P<0.05). The ROC curve showed 85.7% sensitivity and 83.3% specificity at a cut-off value of 2.64 in predicting CPAP success (the AUC was 0.881). The ROX index's clinical score form, which does not require lab findings or sophisticated computation techniques, is its key benefit. The study findings recommend the use of the ROX index to predict the outcome of respiratory support in acute respiratory failure in COVID-19 patients.

Determinants of and barriers to physical activity for women in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Background: Physical activity (PA) has been linked to a variety of health benefits, disease prevention, and treatment. Understanding cultural influences are important for the effective promotion of PA. This study examined PA among women in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, and the determinants and barriers to it. The research was conducted through a cross-sectional survey. The Arab Teens Lifestyle (ATLS) questionnaire was completed by 1238 randomly selected women in Jeddah. It includes the repetitions and average duration of different types of physical activities per typical week. In addition, the participants self-reported their anthropometric measurements. Results: 76.4% met the minimum requirement for moderately vigorous physical activity (MVPA), but only 19.5% met both MVPA and muscle-strengthening activity (MSA). The two main barriers to participation in PA are the lack of sports facilities and time constraints. The number of comorbidities, calculated body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference were significant determinants of PA (R2 =.27) Conclusion: Women largely ignore MSA despite engaging in a high percentage of MVPA. The presence of comorbidities and obesity are the most important determinants of PA. Finally, these data can be used to develop early interventions to promote health instead of managing complications. Keywords: Physical Activity, Obesity, Barriers, Determinants, Women, Sports, Saudi Arabia.

Impact of prolonged duration of different types of renal replacement therapies on serum levels of endothelin-1 and pulmonary function tests.

This study was carried out to investigate the impact of duration of different renal replacement therapies such as hemodialysis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis on potential overproduction of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and pulmonary function tests in these patients. The study included 26 patients (14 males, mean age 54.9±16.2 years) with end stage renal diseases (ESRD) receiving regular hemodialysis (HD) and 23 patients (10 males, mean age 55.8±15.8 years) with ESRD treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). The spirometry values were recorded before the onset of HD and prior to emptying the peritoneal cavity in CAPD patients and ET-1 was measured using the enzyme immunoassay (EIA) methodology. Two groups of patients (groups 1 and 2) were further divided into subgroups (group A and group B). Groups A (1-A and 2-A) included patients treated with any type of renal replacement therapy (RRT) (HD or CAPD) less than 5 years, and groups B (1-B and 2-B) included patients treated with any type of RRT (HD or CAPD) longer than 5 years. Patients treated with HD or CAPD for more than five years were found to have significantly higher serum levels of ET-1 (HD = 41.49±21.28 vs. 185.13±73.67, p<0.01; PD = 51.24±32.11 vs. 139.53±42.42, p<0.01, respectively). Values of most pulmonary function parameters differed significantly between groups treated longer or shorter than 5 years: FVC (HD = 108.4±13.34 vs. 80.82±11.26, p<0.01; CAPD = 97.20±18.99 vs. 73.25±10.73, p<0.01, respectively), FEV1 (HD = 108.33±15.8 vs. 76.73±4.9, p<0.01; CAPD = 100.67±18.31 vs. 66.75±6.25, p<0.01, respectively). Prolonged duration of any type of renal replacement therapy is associated with higher serum levels of ET-1 and with lower pulmonary function tests in ESRD patients.

Does the Spatial Layout of a Playground Affect the Play Activities in Young Children? A Pilot Study.

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to describe, through measurement of physical activity and observation of free outdoor play, the relation between children’s free play and the spatial layout of the playground. To accomplish this, we altered the spatial layout of the same playground to see how the layout affects the play activity and the physical activity levels in the same children.MethodsParticipants were six young children (four girls and two boys; mean age = 5 years and 1 month, SD = 2.59 months). Participants’ physical activity level and the duration of different types of action that occurred in each area and their transitions were compared before and after the alteration of the play-equipment layout using the data from accelerometers and video recordings.ResultsA significant increase in physical activity occurred after the spatial layout alteration, which was related to action differences. Before the alteration, children tended to play in a similar manner for a given play area; however, after the alteration, pronounced interindividual variation in play activity across children was observed.ConclusionThe present pilot study found that in free play situations in the outdoor playground, the spatial layout of playground affects the pattern of play activity and the physical activity levels of young children.

Pre-crisis conditions and financial crisis duration

This paper examines how pre-crisis conditions affect the duration of different types of financial crises using a data sample of 244 financial crises in 89 countries over the period 1985-2017. Results from our parametric survival analysis show that the duration of any type of financial crisis is longer for countries having higher levels of public debt prior to financial crises, whereas it is shorter for countries characterised by higher pre-crisis levels of (i) current account balance, (ii) international reserves, and (iii) institutional quality. Similarly, while pegged exchange rate regimes are associated with a longer duration of financial crises, majority governments help countries emerge faster from crises. Moreover, banking and currency crises tend to be more prolonged when preceded by higher credit growth. We also find a positive effect of pre-crisis fiscal balance on the probability of crisis ending, and it is noteworthy that this effect is strengthened under majority governments and a stronger institutional environment. Finally, our duration dependence analysis suggests that banking, currency, and twin and triple crises are more likely to end when they grow older.

AGRICULTURAL PERIODICALS OF RUSSIA IN THE EARLY XX CENTURY

The article deals with the distribution of agricultural periodicals on the territory of the Russian Em-pire in the early twentieth century. Before that there were practically no publications on the pages of sci-entific magazines. Great emphasis is placed on the analysis of agricultural magazines published before 1917 in the Upper Volga region, namely in Vladimir, Kostroma, Tver and Yaroslavl provinces. Thanks to existed in pre-revolutionary Russian periodicals on agricultural subjects advanced knowledge of agron-omy, agriculture, soil science, horticulture, fruit growing, vegetable growing, winemaking, viticulture, 135 tobacco growing, livestock, poultry, bee-keeping, veterinary medicine, forestry, and hunting, land man-agement, irrigation, horse breeding were promoted. On the basis of statistical data, office documentation and other published sources, the author draws conclusions about the degree of accessibility of agricul-tural periodicals for the population, including the peasantry. Availability of agricultural periodicals largely depended on its price, so the author studied the situation with the cost of the annual subscription fee of these publications. The article investigates the issues of periodicity of agricultural magazines and newspapers, the exact number of such publications, as well as their subject matter. Existence duration of different types of periodicals is analyzed, the main publishers of magazines and newspapers, places of their publication are revealed. A prominent place is given to the publishing activities of agricultural pub-lic organizations and zemstvo self-government bodies. It is concluded that natural process of agricultural knowledge distribution among the population of Russia through publications on the pages of periodicals was disrupted by revolutionary events of 1917.

Activation of β1-adrenoceptors may not be involved in arrhythmogenesis in ischemic heart disease

Although ischemic heart disease is invariably associated with marked activation of sympathetic nervous system, elevated levels of circulating catecholamines and lethal ventricular arrhythmias, the mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis due to myocardial ischemia are not fully understood. Since catecholamines are known to produce stimulatory effects in the heart mainly by acting on β1-adrenoceptors, this study was undertaken to test the involvement of these receptors in the development of arrhythmias due to myocardial infarction (MI) induced upon occluding the left coronary artery in rats for a period of 2 h. The animals were treated with or without atenolol (20 mg/kg; daily), a selective β1-adrenoceptors blocker, for 14 days before inducing MI. No alterations in the number of MIinduced episodes and incidence or duration of different types of arrhythmias were observed. In fact, the incidence of trigemines and reversible ventricular fibrillation due to MI were significantly increased in the atenolol-treated animals. These observations support the view that the activation of β;1-adrenoceptors may not be exclusively involved in the development of arrhythmias during the occurrence of ischemic heart disease and other mechanisms can underlie the electric instability of such damaged heart.

PO-168 Reliability and validity of a new accelerometer-based device for detecting physical activities and energy expenditure

Objective Objective assessments of sedentary behavior, physical activity (PA) and the associated energy expenditure (EE) using accelerometer-based wearable devices are ever expanding, given their importance in the global context of health maintenance. However, among these numerous devices, the different underlying algorithms and available output parameters make it difficult to determine their accuracy. Furthermore, the function and accuracy of those devices may significantly differ between the different wearing locations (i.e., wrist-worn, waist-worn or thigh-based), where the center of the body (hip or thigh) is the optimal recommendation. Thus, a thigh-based device that has the possibility to differentiate between sedentary behavior, PAs, and EE is required to optimize research in PA. This study aimed to determine the reliability and validity of a new accelerometer-based analyzer (Fibion) with two-fold: First, to assess the reliability of the Fibion as compared to a designed repeated protocol and ActiGraph GT9X (one of the most widely used devices with favorable validity and reliability) in a laboratory re-test protocol; Second, to determine the validity of the Fibion in differentiating PAs and estimating EE throughout a simulated 12-hour free-living day.&#x0D; Methods Fibion (Fibion Inc, Jyväskylä, Finland) is a new 3-axial lightweight (20g, L•W•T = 30•32•10mm) accelerometer-based device, which was designed to follow the orientation and movement of the thigh. Thus, it can be worn either on the thigh (FT) or in the front pocket of the trousers (FP). According to information provided by the manufacturer, it is able to detect no-wear time and differentiates between different types (sitting, long sitting, standing, walking, and cycling) and intensities (LPA, MVPA, and VPA) of PA and the associated EE through the use of proprietary algorithms.&#x0D; The study consisted of two parts: a reliability (n=18) and validity (n=19) test, respectively. All 37 participants were young and healthy volunteers, who were normal weight (i.e., BMI &lt; 25 kg/m2) and recreationally physically active. Exclusion criteria included acute and chronic diseases, which would prevent participants from prolonged sitting and/or standing or would interfere with the basic metabolic rate. All participants were informed about the study procedures and provided written informed consent prior to commencing with testing. The study was carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the local Ethical Committee (ML16027).&#x0D; Reliability was assessed by a designed 15-min protocol by repeating sitting, standing, and walking (a total of 90 min = 15 min *3 types * 2 repeats) using both Fibion (FT) and ActiGraph. Validity was assessed by a prolonged 12-h protocol which was designed as simulated free-living conditions with two criteria. Criterion 1: Direct observation of the 12-h continuous sequence of tasks with measurement logs, to determine the duration of different types (sitting, standing, walking, and cycling) and intensities (light [LPA], moderate-to-vigorous [MVPA], and vigorous [VPA])) of PA. Indirect calorimetry served as the criterion 2 for EE estimation. Pulmonary gas exchange of the participants was continuously measured throughout the 12-h guided sequence of tasks by a portable breath-by-breath gas analyzer (Cosmed K4b2, Rome, Italy). During the entire 12-h protocol, two Fibion devices (worn both on the thigh (FT) and in the pocket (FP), respectively) and K4b2 were used simultaneously. &#x0D; Results Reliability. Fibion located on the thigh (FT) (ICCs: 0.687-0.806) provided similar reliability for EE estimation as the Actigraph (ICCs: 0.661-0.806). However, the measurement error for FT indicated an underestimation of activity times by 5.1 ± 1.2%, 3.8 ± 0.3% and 14.9 ± 2.6% during sitting, walking, and standing, respectively. Furthermore, low correlations were observed between subsequent measurements with both devices (ICCs 0.189-0.459), especially in low intensities (sitting). Validity. During the prolonged 12-h simulated real-life conditions, FT but not FP showed a moderate agreement with the direct observation in assessing the duration of sitting, long sitting, LPA, MVPA, and VPA (p&gt;0.05, ICCs: 0.071-0.537), but the low correlations between Fibion and the criteria (ICCs FT: 0.016-0.638; FP: -0.046 to 0.650) indicate that the measurement error is random. Similarly, FT but not FP showed a moderate agreement with the K4b2 for EE estimation of standing, LPA, MVPA, and VPA (p&gt;0.05, ICCs: 0.673-0.894). &#x0D; Conclusions In summary, the location of the accelerometer is essential for accurately assessing PA and EE. FT appeared to detect sitting and walking with a small measurement error, similar to that of the Actigraph. Considering the random error observed in our study, further studies with larger populations are needed to confirm the practical usability of Fibion (FT) for estimating different types and intensities of PA.

The Influence of the Construction Technology in Time-Cost Relationships of Sewerage Projects

Time-cost models have been developed in various contexts to assist in forecasting the duration of different types of projects. The present research explores the influence of the construction technology on the time-cost relationship. For that purpose, the data from 21 sewerage projects using trenchless technology and from 49 sewerage projects using the traditional open-cut method was analyzed. The 70 sewerage projects analyzed were completed in Chicago, U.S., between 1994 and 2002. The influence of the construction technology in the time-cost relationship was found to be statistically significant and time-relationships were determined for sewerage projects using trenchless technology and the traditional open-cut method. Furthermore, along with the Bromilow type models an alternative approach was tested using the time normalized by the project cost as dependent variable, allowing additional insight into the time performance of the open-cut and lining technology used (cured in place).

Effects of rehabilitation aftercare on work participation in patients with musculoskeletal disorders: a propensity score-matched analysis.

Meta-analyses of rehabilitation studies in chronic back pain patients in Germany showed a lack of sustainability of rehabilitation programs. The German Pension Insurance therefore developed an intensified aftercare program to support rehabilitation outcomes. The aim of this study was to compare disability pension rates, income from regular employment, and duration of welfare benefits in patients with and without rehabilitation aftercare. We used administrative data on finished rehabilitation services. Patients were included if they were aged 18-60 years, had musculoskeletal disorders, and attended an outpatient or an inpatient rehabilitation program during the first term of 2007. Patients were excluded if they received an old-age pension, started a disability pension before January 2008, or died during the follow-up period. Patients with rehabilitation aftercare were matched by propensity scores with patients without rehabilitation aftercare. Estimation of the propensity score considered 20 potential confounders. There were no differences in the cumulative probability of receiving a disability pension. Moreover, patients with and without aftercare did not differ in their income from regular employment and the duration of different types of welfare benefits during the follow-up period. However, stratified analyses found a positive effect of an aftercare program on income in patients who attended a postacute rehabilitation program and patients who were at least 3 months absent because of sickness during the year preceding the initial rehabilitation program. Only patients with strong impairments benefit from attending an aftercare program. Allocation to aftercare programs and the focus on exercise only have to be reconsidered and revised.

Sustainable duration of different types of cross-linked hyaluronate for knee osteoarthritis

Sustainable duration of different types of cross-linked hyaluronate for knee osteoarthritis

Social behaviour of endangered European mink (Mustela lutreola) litters in captivity

In litter-bearing mammals, the environment and social interactions during early life often have a substantial effect on future behaviour of the animal. Most information though derives from lab rodents, pets or farm animals while comparable data are scarce for non-domesticated species, and endangered carnivores in particular. In this study, we focused on social behaviour of juvenile European mink, with the practical aim to provide information for enhancing the ex-situ breeding programme of this critically endangered species. As the first step, we compiled a detailed ethogram of social behaviour observed among the European mink cubs. For the 13 captive born litters available, we then systematically recorded the relative duration of different types of behaviour during a two months period. The behaviour of the captive cubs was found to be diverse, containing all elements characteristic of congeneric mustelids, with no indication of litters deviating from the typical pattern. In all broods, a considerable and approximately equal share of time was allocated to social play, a suggested indicator of positive welfare. Aggressive behaviour of the mother towards her offspring was minimal when the cubs were young and, increased only with the litter dispersal period approaching. Bites between the cubs during play fighting did not increase with the age of the juveniles. We found no evidence that captive environment adversely affects the behaviour of the juveniles during the first months of their life.

The Program of Lecture Course “Concepts of Modern Natural Sciences”

The present paper deals with the author’s program of lecture course Concept of modern natural sciences. The program is intended for teaching the students of higher educational institutions of humanitarian, economic and art profile. In this line, the course structure, duration of different types of lessons, the main topics of lectures and seminars are discussed.

AB0169 Type of rheumatology practice is an important determinant of treatment delay in flanders

BackgroundThe time between symptom onset and treatment initiation is determined by patient-, disease- and physician-related factors but also by differences in healthcare organization and referral pathways across various countries.ObjectivesTo explore...

Detection of the Critical Duration of Different Types of Voltage Sags for Synchronous Machine Torque Oscillation

Voltage sages are classified in seven types that in each type, the voltage amplitude and angle of phase voltages are different. We demonstrated that voltage sag types have different effects on synchronous motor, especially on its torque pulsations. Torque pulsations are different in shape of oscillations and moreover, peak torque when voltage magnitude is restored has different correlation with sag duration, as sag type varies. By flux trajectory analysis, we mathematically extracted the critical durations for different types of voltage sags, in the case that the sag begins at the zero angle of the voltage wave. In order to observe the validity of the results, we simulated a synchronous motor subjected to different types of voltage sags. The simulation results confirmed the claim.

Establishment of agricultural drought monitoring at different spatial scales in southeastern Europe

To detect temporal and spatial variability of drought is one of the most challenging issues of drought monitoring in the specific country or region due to the fact that there is no standard definition of severity and duration of different types of drought. Crop water deficit (CWD) simulated by crop water balance model IRRFIB supplemented with some in-situ soil water measurements by Time-Domain Reflectometry (TDR) measurement technique are proposed as tools for local agricultural drought monitoring in this study. Moving to regional drought monitoring the main constraint represents data availability of different sources. Available global data sets are of assistance for preparing regional drought monitoring products. In the study two specific products designed for regional scale are described: preliminary maps of the SPI (Standardized Precipitation Index) and products generated by implementation of numerical weather prediction model. It seems to be a lot of potential in both products for a first overview of key meteorological parameters in the region. The development of drought in the year 2009 was under examination and also yearly results for different periods after 1971. Dry periods in the year 2009 heavily impacted cereals in Slovenia. Maize yield showed best agreement with crop water deficit (r = 0.65) and SPI on the time scale of six months for September (r = 0.61). SPI was not suitable for describing agricultural drought in the periods with higher evapotranspiration rate. For more agricultural oriented drought monitoring more indices should be included into the consideration.

Association of anthropometric, body composition and physiological measures with physical activity level among the children and adolescents of Asian Indian origin: the Calcutta obesity study.

To look into the association between anthropometric, body compositional and physiological characteristics with physical activity among the children and adolescents of Asian Indian origin. A total of 469 children and adolescents (250 boys and 219 girls) aged 8-18 years took part in the present cross-sectional study. A pre-designed schedule was used to collect information on socioeconomic characteristics and type of activities performed by them. It was observed that there was an inversely proportional trend for different anthropometric, body compositional and physiological measures with the duration of different types of physical activities. Moreover, walking, cycling and racing were observed to be correlated inversely with sum of four skinfold (SF4) and the ratio of SF4 and BMI (SF4: BMI). Furthermore, significant (p < 0.01) inverse correlation was observed in case of mean arterial pressure (MAP) with the duration of walking, cyclicing and gym. It was observed that about 14% (R² = 0.14) of the total variance of MAP was explained by duration of different types of physical activity and parental characteristics. Habitual moderate physical activity may be beneficial to prevent excess accumulation of fat during childhood and adolescence and warranted further investigation about the importance of physical activity to prevent increasing trend of childhood obesity.

Establishment of agricultural drought monitoring at different spatial scales in southeastern Europe

To detect temporal and spatial variability of drought is one of the most challenging issues of drought monitoring in the specific country or region due to the fact that there is no standard definition of severity and duration of different types of drought. Crop water deficit (CWD) simulated by crop water balance model IRRFIB supplemented with some in-situ soil water measurements by Time-Domain Reflectometry (TDR) measurement technique are proposed as tools for local agricultural drought monitoring in this study. Moving to regional drought monitoring the main constraint represents data availability of different sources. Available global data sets are of assistance for preparing regional drought monitoring products. In the study two specific products designed for regional scale are described: preliminary maps of the SPI (Standardized Precipitation Index) and products generated by implementation of numerical weather prediction model. It seems to be a lot of potential in both products for a first overview of key meteorological parameters in the region. The development of drought in the year 2009 was under examination and also yearly results for different periods after 1971. Dry periods in the year 2009 heavily impacted cereals in Slovenia. Maize yield showed best agreement with crop water deficit (r = 0.65) and SPI on the time scale of six months for September (r = 0.61). SPI was not suitable for describing agricultural drought in the periods with higher evapotranspiration rate. For more agricultural oriented drought monitoring more indices should be included into the consideration.

Daily living activities in older adults: Part II—effect of age on physical activity patterns in older Mexican American adults

This paper, the second of a two-part paper, reports results from an experimental study conducted to understand physical activity patterns, and determine the effect of age on physical activity patterns in older Mexican American adults. The Yale Physical Activity Survey was administered to 49 older Mexican American adults (42 females and seven males), aged 68–80 years, recruited from senior recreation centers in the city of El Paso. Based on participant responses to questions about the type and duration of different types of physical activities, overall physical activity indices including the total time (h/week), the total energy expenditure (kcal/week), a summary index score, a vigorous activity score (units/month), a leisurely walking score (units/month), a moving score (units/month), and a standing and sitting score (both in units/month) were computed. These responses were then regressed with age (as the predictor variable). Since the number of older males in the study was small, data from men and women were combined. Results indicate that the standing score index ( p<0.1) and the sitting score index ( p<0.05) are linearly related to age. None of the other Yale Physical Activity Survey indices including the total time index and the weekly energy expenditure index are linearly related to age. Fitted line plots for Yale indices that do not show a linear relationship with age indicate that total time, energy expenditure, leisurely walking index score, and summary index score, all have a quadratic fit with age. A cubic fit is indicated for the vigorous activity score and the moving index score. Relevance to industry Understanding physical activity patterns (both work and leisure activities in daily living) in older adults is important for estimation of activity metabolism for among older adults.