Duration Of Blood Loss Research Articles

Efficacy of Shunthi-Lodhra Churna in the Management of Asrigdara (DUB)

Objectives: The most common bleeding disorders in women are described as Asrigdara in Ayurveda, characterized by Pradirana (excessive excretion) of Raja (menstrual blood). It can be correlated to ‘Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding’ in modern medicine. In modern medicine hormonal therapy, anti-prostaglandins & anti-fibrinolytic agents have not proven their definitive efficacy in spite of high costs; their side effects have led to hormonal imbalances. Methods: In order to overcome the above abnormalities, we conducted a clinical trial for 90 days on 30 patients of age group 18-45 yrs. We administered Shunthi Churna (2 gms.) and Lodhra Churna (3gms) mixed with Sharkara (5 gms.) i.e. total (10gms) thrice daily with cold water, after food. Two observations were taken, 1st after 45 days of treatment and the 2nd one after completion of treatment on various parameters like amount and duration of blood loss, inter-menstrual period, passage of clots and pain during menstruation. Results: Based on the parameters studied, we observed 60% of patients improved moderately, 36.7% showed mild-improvement, 3.3% showed marked-improvement in different symptoms. The results are highly significant on most parameters. Conclusion: Drug formulation Shunthi Churna and Lodhra Churna with Sharkara, proved to be effective in treating most of the symptoms of Asrigdara..

Clinical evaluation of the effect of Khanda Kushmanda Avaleha in Rakta Pradara (Abnormal uterine bleeding)

Background: Raktapradara manifesting as excessive bleeding per vagina is seen to be an age old disease known to mankind since the era of Veda and Purana. Excessive and irregular menstrual bleeding condition is similar to Raktapradara a gynaecological condition mentioned in Ayurvedic classics. Rakta Pradara is one among the Rakta Pradoshaja Vikara and characterized by Artava Ati Pravrutti, Deerga Kala Pravrutti, Anruta Kala Pravrutti, Daha in Adho Vankshana Pradesha, Sroni, Prushta and Kukshi, Shoola in Garbhashaya, Angamardha etc. Objectives: To clinically evaluate the effect of Khanda Kushmanda Avaleha in Raktapradara. Materials and Methods: The patients attending the O.P.D. and I.P.D. of S.V.M Ayurvedic Medical College and PG Centre, Ilkal, were randomly divided into 2 groups, Group A was treated with Khanda Kusmanda Avaleha and Group B was treated with Placebo Capsule. Results: Khanda Kushmanda Avaleha cured 12 patients i.e. 85.71% followed by markedly improvement in 2 patients i.e. 14.28%. Placebo capsule mildly improved 61.54% i.e. 8 patients followed by no improvement to 38.46% i.e. 5 patients. Discussion: The effect of therapy on chief complaints in Group A is better than Group B. Percentage wise Khanda Kusmanda Avaleha gave 86.3% relief on duration of blood loss, 85.7% on Interval between two cycles and 58.3% on Amount of total blood loss during one period while Placebo capsule gave 27.2% relief on Duration of blood loss, 20% on Interval between cycle, and 21.05% relief on Amount of blood loss. So, more relief was observed on chief complaints in Group - A i.e. Khanda Kusmanda Avaleha.

Lochia Patterns Among Normal Women: A Systematic Review

We conducted a systematic review of the literature to determine the amount and duration of blood loss 24 hours to 12 weeks after delivery. We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, and PubMed for studies between the years 1950 and 2011 that prospectively evaluated the amount and duration of blood loss from 24 hours to 12 weeks after delivery. Excluded were those that were only case studies, retrospective studies, studies not published in English, studies outside of the time frame, and studies that included only subjects from special populations. From the 333 identified studies, 18 met inclusion criteria. There was variability in how the amount of blood loss was determined, ranging from subject self-assessment to objective measures, such as pad weight and spectrophotometric readings of hematin concentration. The reported duration of normal blood loss after delivery varied among the studies. Whereas the average duration of blood loss in these studies ranged from 24 to 36 days, in only 1 study was bleeding followed to cessation. An understanding of bleeding patterns after delivery is important for clinicians to recognize deviations from normal, identify women at risk for delayed postpartum hemorrhage, and limit unnecessary interventions, yet studies reveal significant variability in amount and duration of normal lochial blood loss and methods of assessment that are inconsistent. This review draws attention to the need for the establishment of valid, reliable, and feasible methods to quantify normal and abnormal postpartum blood loss.

Intrauterine contraception – what now and what next?

Rising each year by around 85 million, we have started this millennium with over 6,000 million, mostly utterly destitute, human beings on a finite planet. We will never meet human needs without stabilizing human numbers.In the sexual arena, all human beings (but especially the males of the species) are very bad at using their brains and their genitalia at the same time, i.e. putting the knowledge in their head about risks of conception or of sexually transmitted infections into appropriate preventive action when sexually aroused! Therefore, a very useful criterion for choice of methods all through the various stages of reproductive life is 'forgettability'. This is a great 'plus' point for the intrauterine route, especially the levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS).Its main contraceptive effects are local, by endometrial suppression and changes to the cervical mucus and uterotubal fluid, which impair sperm migration. The blood levels of levonorgestrel are about one-quarter of the peak levels in users of the progestin-only pill, and so gestagenic symptoms are uncommon and ovarian function is little altered. Most women continue to ovulate and, in the remainder, sufficient estrogen for health is produced from the ovary even if they become amenorrheic, as many do; this is primarily a local end-organ effect and should be seen as a benefit. Postmenopausal estradiol levels have not been detected, even in those who have no uterine bleeding.Although usable by selected nulliparae, the LNG-IUS is a particularly good choice for the parous woman, for whom I maintain it represents the future already here, which is not recognized by many providers. It has unsurpassed efficacy; 99.5% of women have not conceived after 5 years of use. Return of fertility is rapid and appears to be complete. Combining the best features of hormonal and intrauterine contraception without most ofthe problems of either, it fundamentally 'rewrites the textbooks' about intrauterine devices. Its gynecological benefits are impressive: the LNG-IUS user can expect a dramatic reduction in amount and, after the first few months, in duration of blood loss. Dysmenorrhea is also greatly benefited, in most cases.In summary, the LNG-IUS fulfils many of the criteria for an 'ideal' contraceptive. Adverse side-effects are few and, in general, they are not in the category 'hazardous'. Regarding the inconvenience of the first weeks of light post-insertion bleeding and the early-phase low incidence ofsteroidal side-effects, forewarned is forearmed!

Neonatal Anaemia Secondary to Blood Loss

The newborn has a limited capacity to tolerate acute haemorrhage. Prompt diagnosis and therapy are essential for survival. Blood loss can occur in the newborn due to occult haemorrhage, prior to birth or during delivery, obstetric accidents, maternal haemorrhage, or secondary to recurrent blood sampling. Special precautions must be taken when events known to cause fetal haemorrhage have occurred during pregnancy. These include a maternal history of transfusion reaction in the absence of a transfusion, third trimester bleeding with placenta praevia, placenta abruptio and vasa praevia, emergency caesarean sections, twin pregnancies and amniocentesis. The clinical manifestations of post-haemorrhagic anaemia at birth depend on the extent and duration of blood loss. When acute massive blood loss has occurred, the infant is extremely pale and requires immediate transfusions or volume expanders. Although the haemoglobin may be normal initially, it rapidly falls within six to eight hours after birth. Other causes of extreme pallor in the newborn include asphyxia and anaemia secondary to haemolysis. Infants who have developed acute post-haemorrhagic anaemia are hypovolaemic, are neither jaundiced nor cyanotic, and respond to therapy with volume expanders. The clinical picture with chronic blood loss is usually mild and responds to conservative therapy with iron alone. Internal haemorrhage should be suspected when a 24 to 72 hour newborn rapidly deteriorates and has evidence for hypovolaemic shock without signs of external blood loss. The blood withdrawn for laboratory evaluation in the high risk newborn must be carefully monitored so that it can be replaced before the newborn becomes compromised.