Duodenal Epithelium Research Articles

Stimulation of glucose-6-phosphatase activity in the mucosal cells of the mouse intestine.

Adult Swiss ICR male mice were fed fructose or glucose for several days. Glucose-6-phosphatase activity in the duodenal and jejunal epithelium was measured by biochemical and cytophotometric means, and it was also localized cytochemically. The fructose diet stimulated glucose-6-phosphatase activity within 6 hr of feeding. The enzyme was stimulated more in the absorptive cells of the basal third than in those of the median and apical third of the villi. After 3 days of feeding of fructose, the smooth endoplasmic reticulum hypertrophied and occupied large areas in the absorptive cells. Lipoprotein spherules and polymorphic dense bodies were also observed. No such modifications were seen in glucose-fed animals.

Morphological and cytochemical modifications induced by colchicine treatment in the duodenal epithelium of mouse.

S.W.R. adult male mice received one injection of colchicine and were killed at various time-intervals from 4 to 24 hours. Ultrastructural morphology and cytochemical activity of acid phosphatase, arylsulfatase and thiamine pyrophosphatase were recorded in the duodenal epithelium. Extensive damage was observed in the undifferentiated cells with formation of large heterophagosomes and in the absorptive cells with apparition of cytolysomes. The activity of the acid phosphatase and thiamine pyrophosphatase decreased after 6 hours of treatment. Moreover, the migration of the acid phosphatase content of the Golgi vesicles was restraint. These observations were related to the disruptive action of the alcaloid towards the microtubules.

Development of the metacercaria and adhesive organ of Mesostephanus yedeae Dennis and Penner, 1971 (Trematoda: Cyathocotylidae), and their effects on host tissues.

Development of the infective metacercaria of Mesostephanus yedeae Dennis and Penner, 1971 included: (a) ceicarial penetration and encystment in striated muscles, brain, liver and eye of Poecilia reticulata Peters; (b) a quiescent phase of nine days when no observable morphological change occurred; (c) a period of morphogenesis when an adhesive organ and a posterior body segment were differentiated. The time required for development to the infective metacercaria was delayed by decreasing the temperature of the fish host environment. The quiescent phase exhibited the greatest effects resulting from lowered temperature. Radial muscles and glands of the adhesive organ originated from parenchymal beta cells. The posterior appendage issued as a dorso-posterior evagination of the metacercarial body. Effects of the metacercaria on host tissues resulted in formation of a fibrous capsule in striated muscles, a granulomatous-like response in liver tissue, and necrosis of nervous tissue of the retinal complex which terminated in blindness of the infected eye. Effects of the adhesive organ on duodenal villi of the definitive host included “tearing” of the lamina propria and “pinching off” of pieces of duodenal epithelium.

Feedback control by functional villus cells on cell proliferation and maturation in intestinal epithelium

For some cell renewal systems (skin, haemopoietic tissue) a feedback control by functional cells on the proliferative activity and the maturation process of early cell stages has been described. In the present study it was tested whether in small intestine the functional villus cells are involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and maturation in the crypt. For this purpose the repopulation of duodenal epithelium after 700 R of X-irradiation has been compared in conventional and germfree rats. Autoradiography after 3H-thymidine incorporation showed that in the germfree animals the villus transit time is about 48 h compared with about 36 h in conventional rats, which difference is mainly due to the longer villi in the germfree rat intestine. After irradiation a difference in repopulation of the crypt between the two groups of animals was observed. In the normal rats a temporary expansion of the pool of proliferating cells starts 36–48 h after irradiation and in the germfree animals after 60 h. Microchemical analyses of the esterase activity in isolated crypts showed that a diminution of the maturation zone occurs 48 h after irradiation in the normal rats and in the germfree animals after 60 h. These differences in response after the same radiation dose could be related to a difference in time interval that minimal cell densities are present on the villi in germfree and normal rats. These data support the hypothesis that in interstitial epithelium, as in some other cell renewal systems, there is a feedback control by the functional villus cells on the regulation of cell proliferation and maturation in the crypt.

Transient shortening of microvilli induced by cycloheximide in the duodenal epithelium of the chicken.

Transient shortening of microvilli induced by cycloheximide in the duodenal epithelium of the chicken.

Structural features of the epithelio-mesenchymal interface of rat duodenal mucosa during development.

In fetal rats 5-7 days before birth, the duodenal epithelium is separated from mesenchymal cells by a well-defined basal lamina. By 3-4 days before birth, when small rudimentary villi are first seen, direct contact between epithelial and mesenchymal cells occurs by means of epithelial cell cytoplasmic processes which project through gaps in the basal lamina into the lamina propria. At contact sites, the epithelial and mesenchymal cell plasma membranes were less than 100 A apart but membrane fusion was not seen. In number and size these epithelial cell processes increase strikingly during the last 2 days of gestation, and they persist in large numbers until 7-10 days after birth. Thereafter, they decrease gradually in both number and size until 3-4 wk after birth, when the morphology of the epithelio-mesenchymal interface resembles that seen in adult rats, i.e., there are only rare epithelial cell processes which penetrate deeply into the lamina propria. The presence of a large number of epithelio-mesenchymal contact sites during the period of rapid growth and differentiation of duodenal mucosa may reflect epithelio-mesenchymal cell interactions which may facilitate the maturation of the duodenal mucosa.

Vacuolated Villous Epithelium of the Small Intestine of Young Pigs (with color plate I)

The villous epithelium of the small intestine from healthy pigs, killed during their first month of life, was examined. There were occasional vacuolated epithelial cells throughout the small intestine in most pigs; however, the occurrence of vacuolated epithelium (vacuolated epithelial cells in a continous layer along at least the distal 10% of all villi on the mesenteric side of a histological section) was related to area in the intestine and age of the pig. Ileal epithelium was vacuolated in nearly all pigs examined during their first 2 weeks of life; however, the frequency of vacuolated ileal epithelium was less in pigs examined during their third and still less in those examined during their fourth week of life. Jejunal epithelium was vacuolated less frequently than ileal epithelium and was not seen in pigs more than 11 days old. Vacuolated duodenal epithelium was not seen. Vacuolated ileal epithelium, in suckling pigs during their second week of life, was morphologically similar to that associated with absorption of colostrum in the neonate and took up bovine colostral whey pinocytotically. In contrast to unvacuolated epithelium, vacuolated epithelium stained supravitally with Evans blue dye given orally. Vacuolated ileal epithelial cells examined by autoradiography after exposure to tritiated thymidine had synthesized DNA more than 3 days previously. These observations were compared with reports that considered vacuolated epithelium, in 2 to 3-week-old pigs, to be pathologic. A hypothesis relating vacuolation to age of ileal cells was proposed.

Epithelial-cell renewal in cultured duodenal biopsies in celiac sprue.

Abstract Proliferation and migration of duodenal epithelium was studied in cultured mucosal biopsies from three normal volunteers and from three patients with celiac sprue before and after treatment with a gluten-free diet. The number of epithelial cells incorporating thymidine-3H into nuclei from the culture medium was over twice as great in pretreatment celiac-sprue biopsies as in normal biopsies. This indicates enhanced proliferation in celiac sprue. Labeled cells migrated to the surface epithelium in 24-hour cultures from all untreated patients whereas labeled cells did not migrate beyond the lower third of the villi in the normal volunteers. Surface epithelial cells, which appear damaged in uncultured celiac-sprue biopsies, reverted toward normal after only 24 hours of culture in a gluten-free environment. After six to 15 weeks of gluten withdrawal, cell proliferation and migration in cultured celiac-sprue biopsies were intermediate between pretreatment and normal biopsies. Thus, short-term treatment...

The production of chronic gastritis and ulceration in the glandular stomach of rats by iodoacetamide (IAM)

Iodoacetamide consistently produced chronic gastritis and ulceration, the initial effect being the production of diffuse hyperemia, focal necrosis and other abnormalities in the mucosal epithelium. With continued treatment ulceration of the body mucosa became extensive and chronic gastritis ensued. Pyloric and duodenal epithelium exhibited disturbances in proliferation kinetics. Gastric juice volume, acid and pepsin output were consistently increased in treated animals suggesting that the rate of secretion is not inhibited by iodoacetamide despite the presence of extensive ulceration but that modification of some normal control mechanisms occurs. Ulceration and gastritis is considered to arise through damage to the mucosal barrier by iodoacetamide thereby lowering the resistance of the mucosal epithelium to proteolysis; recurrent damage producing chronic gastritis.

Effects of Single-Dose, Whole-Body, 60 Co Gamma Irradiation on Number of Cells in DNA Synthesis and Mitosis in the Mouse Duodenal Epithelium

It has previously been established that the intestinal crypt epithelium has a remarkable capability to react to injury by increasing the production of new cells. Accordingly, the seriously injured nonviable and/or dying cells are replaced and the critical steady state necessary for the survival of the animal is reestablished. The number of cells in mitosis (MF/crypt) and in DNA synthesis (LN/crypt) in the mouse duodenal epithelium have been studied at closely spaced time intervals following a series of single-dose, whole-body,60 Co gamma irradiation. These studies show that the pattern of change in the numbers of cells in mitosis (M) and synthesis (S) are qualitatively similar at all dose levels. The degree of change is directly related to dose, increasing as dose increases. The results show that (1) cells are immediately blocked in G1 and G2, (2) following an immediate drop in numbers of cells in S and M the number of cells in these two phases rise rapidly and overshoot control values, (3) during the rec...

Life cycle of Eimeria stiedae.

KNOWLEDGE of the early development of Eimeria stiedae, before the appearance of trophozoites in the liver of its rabbit host, is remarkably scanty. After initial penetration of the duodenal epithelium by the sporozoites, the earliest observation of trophozoite formation has been 72 h after infection. The route of migration of the sporozoites during this period has long been a subject for speculation, and the most favoured theory has been passage to the liver from the mesenteric lymph node in the portal blood. Slater, Quisenberry and Fitzgerald1 gave support to this theory by reporting the presence of sporozoites in the mucosa after 5–9 h, free and in monocytes in the mesenteric lymph nodes and in monocytes in the peripheral blood 16–20 h after infection.

Migration of glycoprotein from golgi apparatus to cell coat in the columnar cells of the duodenal epithelium.

Migration of glycoprotein from golgi apparatus to cell coat in the columnar cells of the duodenal epithelium.

The fine structure of the proliferative cells of the mouse intestine as revealed by electron microscopic autoradiography with 3H-thymidine.

The duodenal and colonic epithelia in mice were observed with electron microscopic autoradiography 2, 5 and 24 hours after a single injection of 3H-thymidine. After 2 hours, in the duodenum, silver grains are found in many undifferentiated cells, in a few young goblet cells, in some crystal-containing cells, and in some lymphocytes. In the colon after 2 hours silver grains are seen in some undifferentiated cells, and in many young goblet cells. Undifferentiated cells are characterized by a few short microvilli, poorly developed rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, abundant free ribosomes, and a few apical moderately dense granules. In normal animals, absorptive cells seem to arise from undifferentiated cells, and goblet cells — from younger goblet cells. Undifferentiated cells could also become young goblet cells. Crystal-containing cells, which may not be of epithelial origin, proliferate in the epithelium in the adult animal.

Ultrastructural differentiation and enzymatic localization of phosphatases in the developing duodenal epithelium of the mouse. II. The newborn mouse.

The localization of acid and alkaline phosphatase activities during the morphogenesis of the duodenum has been studied at the ultrastructural level in BALB/c mice. The present work deals with the foetal development from the 14th day till birth. It appears that acid phosphatase activity at the 14th day of foetal life, was situated in dense bodies at the base of the intestinal cells. At that moment, the flat apical membrane of the cells lining the intestinal lumen presented a faint alkaline phosphatase activity. With the maturation of the villus cells, the dense bodies migrated to a supra-nuclear zone, and on the 20th day, differentiated into a complex network of dense bodies and dense tubules showing the activity of the two phosphatases. On the other hand, the microvilli were developing from the 16th day, and active pinocytosis appeared on the 18th day. Alkaline phosphatase activity increased rapidly during this differentiation.

Sulfate accumulation by mouse intestine: influence of age and other factors.

ARTICLESSulfate accumulation by mouse intestine: influence of age and other factorsER BattER BattPublished Online:01 Oct 1969https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1969.217.4.1101MoreSectionsPDF (877 KB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInEmailWeChat Previous Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformationCited ByAbsence of the sulfate transporter SAT-1 has no impact on oxalate handling by mouse intestine and does not cause hyperoxaluria or hyperoxalemiaJonathan M. Whittamore, Christine E. Stephens, and Marguerite Hatch27 December 2018 | American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, Vol. 316, No. 1Loss of the anion exchanger DRA (Slc26a3), or PAT1 (Slc26a6), alters sulfate transport by the distal ileum and overall sulfate homeostasisJonathan M. Whittamore and Marguerite Hatch1 September 2017 | American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, Vol. 313, No. 3Sulphate absorption across biological membranes30 July 2015 | Xenobiotica, Vol. 46, No. 2The Clinical Chemistry of Inorganic Sulfate29 September 2008 | Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Vol. 37, No. 4The Down Regulated in Adenoma (dra) Gene Encodes an Intestine-specific Membrane Sulfate Transport ProteinJournal of Biological Chemistry, Vol. 270, No. 20Changes of colon epithelium proliferation due to individual aging with cyclin proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA/cyclin) immunostaining compared to [3H]-thymidine radioautographyHistochemistry, Vol. 101, No. 1Compartmentation of intestinal drug sulphoconjugationBiochemical Pharmacology, Vol. 46, No. 8Age influences on amino acid intestinal transportComparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology, Vol. 103, No. 1Sulfation in isolated enterocytes of guinea pig: Dependence on inorganic sulfateBiochemical Pharmacology, Vol. 33, No. 21Intestinal transport of phosphate anion is not impaired in the Hyp (hypophosphatemic) mouseBiochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, Vol. 100, No. 2Developmental patterns of intestinal transport mechanisms in the chickComparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology, Vol. 54, No. 1Sulphate transport by rat ileum. Effect of molybdate and other anionsBiochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes, Vol. 394, No. 1Kinetics of methionine influx into various regions of chicken intestineComparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology, Vol. 50, No. 1Ultrastructural differentiation and enzymatic localization of phosphatases in the developing duodenal epithelium of the mouseHistochemie, Vol. 22, No. 2 More from this issue > Volume 217Issue 4October 1969Pages 1101-1104 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1969 by American Physiological Societyhttps://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1969.217.4.1101PubMed5824310History Published online 1 October 1969 Published in print 1 October 1969 Metrics

Developmental pattern of some intestinal transport mechanisms in newborns rats and mice.

ARTICLESDevelopmental pattern of some intestinal transport mechanisms in newborns rats and miceER Batt, and D SchachterER Batt, and D SchachterPublished Online:01 May 1969https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1969.216.5.1064MoreSectionsPDF (1 MB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInEmailWeChat Previous Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformationCited ByEndotoxin Temporarily Impairs Canine Colonic Absorption of Water and SodiumJournal of Surgical Research, Vol. 74, No. 1Structural characterization of colonic cell types and correlation with specific functionsDigestive Diseases and Sciences, Vol. 41, No. 1Absorption of lysine and methionine from the proximal colon of the piglet9 March 2007 | British Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 71, No. 5Morphological changes and cellular proliferation in mouse colon during fetal and postnatal development26 January 2005 | The Anatomical Record, Vol. 238, No. 3Age influences on amino acid intestinal transportComparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology, Vol. 103, No. 1Pathophysiology and Clinical Aspects of CholeraIon Transport Across the Large Intestine1 January 2011Cell biology and active transport processes in the colonAdvanced Drug Delivery Reviews, Vol. 7, No. 1Multiple pathways for amino acid transport in brush border membrane vesicles isolated from the human fetal small intestineGastroenterology, Vol. 100, No. 6Structural and enzymatic changes during colonic maturation in the fetal and suckling ratGastroenterology, Vol. 97, No. 2Ontogenesis of the intestinal transport of biotin in the ratGastroenterology, Vol. 94, No. 1Amiloride-sensitive sodium transport of the rat distal colon during early postnatal developmentPflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, Vol. 409, No. 1-2Age influences on intestinal sugar absorptionComparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology, Vol. 86, No. 4Localization of carbonic anhydrase activity in the developing rat colonGastroenterology, Vol. 89, No. 1Risk-benefit analyses of new sugar substitutes: 1. Nutritional-physiological investigations on the osmotic effect and release of glucose in juvenile ratsNutrition Research, Vol. 4, No. 3Age dependent changes on jejunal sugar absorption by rat in vivoExperimental Gerontology, Vol. 19, No. 2Ontogeny of cholecystokinin satiety in ratsEuropean Journal of Pharmacology, Vol. 89, No. 3-4Morphologic and functional adaptations of large bowel after small-bowel resection in the ratDigestive Diseases and Sciences, Vol. 28, No. 3Intestinal Calcium Transport In Utero. Clinical Implications for the Newborn InfantGalactose and leucine transport in the developing rat small intestineExperientia, Vol. 37, No. 8Maternal lead exposure inhibits intestinal calcium absorption in rat pupsToxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Vol. 60, No. 1Enteral absorption and bioavailability in children in relation to ageEuropean Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, Vol. 18, No. 1Absorption of methionine by foetal and neonatal lamb colon27 March 2009 | The Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 92, No. 1Concentrative amino acid uptake at the serosal side of colon mucosaPfl�gers Archiv European Journal of Physiology, Vol. 376, No. 3Membranes and agingThe age-dependence of intestinal absorption using d-xylose as an exampleEuropean Journal of Pediatrics, Vol. 124, No. 4Developmental patterns of intestinal transport mechanisms in the chickComparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology, Vol. 54, No. 1Changes in the blood supply of the gastrointestinal tract in rats with agePfl�gers Archiv European Journal of Physiology, Vol. 364, No. 2Aging Effects and Drugs in ManKinetics of methionine influx into various regions of chicken intestineComparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology, Vol. 50, No. 1Familial glucose-galactose malabsorption: Remission of glucose intoleranceThe Journal of Pediatrics, Vol. 83, No. 2New Techniques for Intensive Research with Dairy Cattle – Mineral ResearchJournal of Dairy Science, Vol. 55, No. 8Uptake of sugars by mucosa of rat colonThe American Journal of Digestive Diseases, Vol. 17, No. 1ADAPTATION OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT TO EXTRAUTERINE LIFE*16 December 2006 | Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol. 176, No. 1Regional Variations in the Composition of Purified Brush Borders Isolated from Infant and Adult Rabbit Small Intestine27 September 2008 | Archives Internationales de Physiologie et de Biochimie, Vol. 79, No. 2Relationship of Pyrimidine Biosynthetic Enzymes to Cellular Proliferation in Rat Intestine During DevelopmentGastroenterology, Vol. 59, No. 2Kinetics of the accelerated intestinal valine transport in 2-day-old ratsBiochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes, Vol. 203, No. 2Active Transport of Calcium by Intestine: Studies with a Calcium Activity ElectrodeUltrastructural differentiation and enzymatic localization of phosphatases in the developing duodenal epithelium of the mouseHistochemie, Vol. 22, No. 2 More from this issue > Volume 216Issue 5May 1969Pages 1064-1068 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1969 by American Physiological Societyhttps://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1969.216.5.1064PubMed5768053History Published online 1 May 1969 Published in print 1 May 1969 Metrics

Ultrastructural differentiation and enzymatic localization of phosphatases in the developing duodenal epithelium of the mouse. I. The foetal mouse.

Ultrastructural differentiation and enzymatic localization of phosphatases in the developing duodenal epithelium of the mouse. I. The foetal mouse.

Fine structure and enzyme histochemistry of developing duodenal epithelium of the chicken.

The histochemical activity of alkaline (AlPh) and acid phosphatases (AcPh), adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), monoamine oxidase (MAO), succinic (SDH), isocitric (ICDH), glucose-6-phosphate (G6PDH) and lactic (LDH) dehydrogenase and leucinamino-peptidase (LAP) was studied in the duodenal wall of the chicken during pre- and postnatal growth. The morphogenesis of the developing epithelium was studied by electron microscopy.

A Light and Electron Microscopic Study of Duodenal Epithelium of Chick Embryos Cultured in the Presence and Absence of Hydrocortisone

A Light and Electron Microscopic Study of Duodenal Epithelium of Chick Embryos Cultured in the Presence and Absence of Hydrocortisone

Protection of the gastric mucosa against the lesions caused by reserpine through degranulation of mucosal mast cells.

AbstractThe ulcerating effects of reserpinisation in the gastric mucosa of rats were studied by special observation of the function of the gastric mucosal mast cells and the changes in mitotic activity of the epithelial cells. The significance of degranulation of the mucosal mast cells for the ulcerating effect of reserpine was also studied after the pretreatment of rats with dexamethasone. Immediately after the dexamethasone treatment there was a pronounced decrease in mitotic count of the gastric mucosal epithelium which 2—3 days later when the mast cells of the gastric mocusa were almost completely degranulated was followed by a 2—3 fold increase in mitotic activity as compared with controls. 10 and 20 days later the mitotic count in the gastric mucosal epithelium decreased below the controls values, the mucosal mast cells being re‐granulated over the control values. The changes in mitotic count in the epithelium of duodenum. ileum and colon under the same conditions were scanty. The degranulation of the mast cells was markedly slighter in the intestinal than in the gastric mucosa. In the reserpinized rats the number of mitoses in the gastric epithelium decreased simultaneously with the degranulation of the mast cells. The degranulation of the mast cells in the duodenal mucosa was slighter and no changes in mitotic activity occurred in the duodenal epithelium. Lesions appeared during reserpinisation in the ventricular mucosa. Reserpinisation after the dexamethasone treatment did not cause ulcer formation in the gastric mucosa, nor did it in this phase cause inhibition in the mitotic activity, typical of which was an overshooting 2—3 days after dexamethasone treatment. The mechanism of gastric mucosal ulceration is discussed.