Dude Research Articles

Redescription of Scymnodon ichiharai Yano and Tanaka 1984 (Squaliformes: Somniosidae) from the western North Pacific, with comments on the definition of somniosid genera

The somniosid species Scymnodon ichiharai Yano and Tanaka 1984 is redescribed based on the type specimens and additional material from Taiwan and Japan. The range of this species is extended to include Taiwanese waters. Although recently allocated to the genus Zameus, this species is very similar to Scymnodon plunketi from the southern Indo-West Pacific; our molecular evidence indicates that these species are sister-taxa. The genus Proscymnodon Fowler 1934 is placed in the synonymy of Scymnodon Barboza du Bocage and de Brito Capello 1864 and new generic definitions are provided for Scymnodon and the closely related Zameus. The genus Scymnodon is considered to include at least the species S. ichiharai, S. plunketi, and S. ringens; Proscymnodon macracanthus (Regan 1906) is allocated to Scymnodon, but its validity is uncertain. The genus Zameus is considered to be monotypic, containing only the species Z. squamulosus.

From Mallarme to Mallet-Stevens: Reading Architectural Space in Man Ray's Les Mysteres du chateau du de

In 1928 the wealthy aristocrat and patron of the arts Comte Charles de Noailles commissioned Man Ray to make a film about his villa in the south of France. The cubist forms of the villa, designed by the architect and set designer Robert Mallet-Stevens, made Man Ray think of Stephane Mallarme’s modernist poem Un coup de des jamais n’abolira le hasard (1897). The title of the poem would, in Man Ray’s words, ‘become the theme of the film’, reflected in its own title Les Mysteres du château du de (1929). Existing analyses of the relationship between the two works tend to focus on the semi-narrative content of the film and its series of poetic intertitles, bypassing more complex formal connections. This article argues that Mallarme’s poem can be used as a starting point for the exploration of formal and conceptual patterns in the film. It concentrates particularly on Man Ray’s attention to space in Mallet-Stevens’s architectural design, and argues that the reading of space reflects Mallarme’s emphasis on the ‘blancs’ in Un coup de des .

Research Matters: "Awesome, Dude!" Responding Helpfully to Peer Writing

Research Matters: "Awesome, Dude!" Responding Helpfully to Peer Writing

Le canal de Provence : une stratégie de gestion durable de la ressource en eau

Design and management of major hydraulic infrastructures must result from a consistent framework of institutional, financial and technical approaches. In the Provence region, the Societe du de Provence (SCP) has been the scene of a meaningful experience with the implementation of a modern multipurpose system, the Canal de Provence, planned according to a comprehensive development policy. The present article introduces the principles on which was founded and is still based this system : water saving, customer-oriented public service, freedom of choice for the users, sustainable assets, fair pricing policy. It presents the ways and means of applying these principles. Finally, the report provides an analysis of the uncertainties to be faced.

Examples of Agro-Forestry in the Warm-Temperate Zone of Japan

Shifting cultivation was practised in the mountain areas of southwestern Japan for over 2,000 years, until a few centuries ago when it was gradually replaced by terraced agriculture and timber production. On the islands of Oki-no-shima a shifting cultivation system, Maki-hata, is still practised. This refined system of ley farming, in which pasture and grain cultivation rotate, is described. The main reason for the change from shifting agriculture in Japan is economic and highland people now generate forest products for sale to the increasing population of the lowlands. Commercial forestry has replaced former agro-forestry and agricultural systems. RESUME Exemples d'agro-foresterie dans la zone temperee chaude du Japon. La divagation des cultures s'est pratiquee dans les regions montagneuses du sud-ouest du Japon pendant plus de 2.000 ans. Neanmoins, depuis plusieurs siecles elle a ete progressivement remplacee par l'agriculture en terrasses et la production de bois. Un systeme de divagation des cultures, denomme Maki-hata, est encore pratique dans les iles Oki-no-shima. Ce systeme ameliore de cultures en assolement, caracterise par une rotation du paturage et de la cerealiculture, est decrit dans cette etude. La raison principale de cet abandon progressif de la divagation des cultures au Japon est d'ordre economique, et les habitants des regions montagneuses fournissent maintenant des produits forestiers pour satisfaire aux besoins d'une population croissante dans les plaines. La sylviculture commerciale a remplace les systemes precedents d'agro-foresterie et d'agriculture. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Beispielefiir Agro-Forstwirtschaft in der warmen-gemassigten ZoneJapans. Uber 2000 Jahre lang wurde in den Berggegenden des siid-westlichen Japans Wanderhackbau betrieben. Vor ein paarJahrhunderten wurde diese Anbauform jedoch durch terrassierte Landwirtschaft allmiihlich ersetzt. Auf der Oki-no-shima Inselgruppe wird Wanderhackbau, Maki-hata, immer noch betrieben. Diese weiterentwickelte Art laienhafter Landwirtschaft (ley farmnning), bei der Weideland und Getreideflachen sich abwechseln, wird beschrieben. Der Hauptgrund ffir ein Aufgeben des Wanderhackbaus in Japan ist 6konomischer Art, denn die Bewohner des Hochlandes erzeugen jetzt Holzprodukte zum Verkauf an die wachsende Flachlandbevolkerung. Friiher uibliche Agro-Forstwirtschaft und landwirtschaftliche Nutzung wurden durch kommerzielle Forstwirtschaft ersetzt. Over two thousand years before rice cultivation in paddy fields was introduced into Japan, shifting cultivation (Yakihata or Kirikae-bata in Japanese) was practised in the mountainous regions of southwestern Japan where evergreen broadleaf forests are dominant. This agro-forestry system on steep mountain slopes continued until the later part of the nineteenth century and extended to the northeastern regions where deciduous broadleaf forests are dominant. During the past hundred years, however, it has rapidly died out; the size of the area cultivated and the number of people engaged in agriculture and forestry have decreased. Shifting cultivation, which was an important agricultural method in mountainous regions of the warm-temperate evergreen forest zones and was distributed widely throughout East Asian countries, was first introduced into Japan by people who immigrated from Southeast Asia. These immigrants at first produced food only for their own consumption. As the domestic trade between highland and lowland people began to develop, the kinds of products and the system of production under shifting cultivation gradually changed, and the immigrants, influenced b the lowland people, tended to produce more goods for sale and barter. Yam, taro, beans, millet, and some kinds of grain had been cultivated, but after markets were established the plant species grown changed to those that were marketable, including Amorphophalus konjac, a form of taro which had been introduced into Japan from India through China, and Edgeworthia papyrifera which has a strong bastfibre used for producingJapanese paper. In some districts shifting cultivation practices declined and small terraces for permanent farming were constructed on steep slopes. The cultivation of sweet potatoes is still common on such terraces. In other districts some coniferous species, such as Cryptomeria japonica and Chamaecyparis obtsusa, were planted before a field was abandoned. Formerly, the abandoned fields were left to natural regeneration by broadleaved tree species which produced a forest of limited value, mainly large logs used for domestic fuel. Twigs and branches, scattered over cleared areas, were burned before cultivation. In contrast, however, logs produced from planted conifers were valuable for the domestic market. About 300-400 years ago, at the beginning of the Edo era under the Tokugawa shogunate, peace was restored and This content downloaded from 157.55.39.149 on Wed, 07 Jun 2017 17:53:37 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 406 / MOUNTAIN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT construction began to boom in every large lowland town. In consequence, the consumption of timber reached a high level. Due to such prosperity in the lowland towns, the system of shifting cultivation in the highlands changed from farming to the planned cultivation of timber for the new

Belt-Flexing Test of the Du Pont Type

Abstract In general, flexing tests are subject to large errors, some of which have been studied using a test of the du Pont belt type. An improvement in the standardization of the test conditions can be effected by using a suitably designed belt balance arm and regularly adjusting the length of the belt. The rate of cracking and also the reproducibility of the results is affected by the design of the test-piece and also by the type of fastener used. Although the error between the results on replicate test-pieces is extremely large, more important are the large errors due to lack of reproducibility of replicate molded slabs, and this variability probably arises during vulcanization. Extremely large differences can also occur between nominally identical repeat experiments. This may be due to differences in the judgment of the stages of cracking in different experiments. Graded photographs were found not to be of any value in improving the reproducibility of results between two different operators. Attention is drawn to the differences in types of cracking obtained with the du Pont and De Mattia test-pieces. It is pointed out that with the du Pont test-piece the cracking tends to develop in depth more than is the case with the De Mattia, and therefore it is more difficult to construct or use graded photographs with the du Pont test. Accepting the fact that variations in the disposition of the stages of cracking do occur between two different experiments, a method of treating flex-cracking results graphically is suggested. By this method random variations in results are ignored and the average flex-cracking results obtained. It is suggested that flexing properties may be defined by two characteristics, viz., (1) Crack initiation time, and (2) Crack propagation time, and an example of the method of determining these characteristics is given.

Remarks on Some Points in the Theory of Divergent Series

The formulae are older than Fourier, but with that I am not concerned.1 'Fourier's theorem' asserts, in modern language, that a trigonometrical series which represents the function must be the 'Fourier series' of the function. It is true or false according to the class of functions considered and the manner in which the function is 'represented' by the series. Thus it is true, after du Bois-Reymond and de la Vallhe-Poussin, when the function is bounded or integrable and the series is convergent. If we assume only that the series is summable, by one or other of the standard methods of the theory of divergent series, then the theorem is usually false, even when the function is 0.2 Thus the series