Dual X-ray Absortiometry Research Articles

Association between muscle-localized bioelectrical impedance analysis parameters and performance in a multi-set exercise on the isokinetic dynamometer in young women.

This study aimed to verify the relationship between changes in thigh muscle-localized bioelectrical impedance analysis (ML-BIA) parameters and performance in a multiple-set exercise. The sample consisted of 30 female university students (22.1±3.2years). The ML-BIA parameters, including localized muscle resistance (ML-R), reactance (ML-Xc), and phase angle (ML-AngF), were evaluated using a tetrapolar bioelectric impedance device operating at a frequency of 50KHz. The multiple sets protocol was performed with an isokinetic dynamometer. For body composition, total and leg lean soft tissue (LST) were evaluated using dual X-ray absortiometry. Student's t-test for paired samples was used to compare the ML-BIA parameters and thigh circumference pre and postexercise. Linear regression analysis was performed to verify the ∆ML-PhA as a predictor of peak torque for the three sets alone while controlling for total and leg LST. There were differences in the ML-R (∆=0.02±1.45Ω; p=0.001; and E.S=0.19), ML-Xc (∆=2.90±4.12Ω; p=0.043; and E.S=0.36), and thigh circumference (∆=0.82±0.60cm; p<0.001; and E.S=0.16) pre- and post-multiple sets. ΔML-PhA was a predictor of performance in the first set (p=0.002), regardless of total and leg LST. However, the ΔML-PhA lost its explanatory power in the other sets (second and third), and the variables that best explained performance were total and leg LST. The ML-BIA (ML-R and ML-Xc) parameters were sensitive and changed after the multiple sets protocol, and the ΔML-PhA was a predictor of performance in the first set regardless of the total and leg LST.

Is a Combination of Melatonin and Amino Acids Useful to Sarcopenic Elderly Patients? A Randomized Trial.

This study evaluated the effectiveness of a 4-week intervention of melatonin and essential aminoacid supplementation on body composition, protein metabolism, strength and inflammation in 159 elderly sarcopenic patients (42/117, men/women), assigned to four groups: isocaloric placebo (P, n = 44), melatonin (M, 1 mg/daily, n = 42), essential amino acids (eAA 4 g/daily, n = 40) or eAA plus melatonin (eAAM, 4 g eAA and 1 mg melatonin/daily, n = 30). Data from body composition (dual X-ray absortiometry (DXA)), strength (handgrip test) and biochemical parameters for the assessment of protein metabolism (albumin) and inflammation (CRP) were collected at baseline and after the 4-week intervention. Compared with P and M, supplementation with eAA plus M increased total fat-free mass (vs. P: +2190 g; p < 0.01; vs. M: +2107 g; p < 0.05). M alone lowered albumin levels (vs. P: −0.39 g; p < 0.01; vs. eAA: −0.47 g; p < 0.01). This data on albumin was confirmed by within-group analysis (M −0.44g; p < 0.001; eAAM: −0.34 p < 0.05). M and eAA seemed to lower the percentage of gynoid fat (p < 0.05) and android fat (p < 0.01). No significant changes in inflammation or strength were reported. A 4-week intervention with eAA plus M together may be effective in enhancing fat-free-mass compared to M and P but not versus eAA. M alone demonstrates a negative effect on albumin level.

Atypical presentation of Paget's disease with secondary osteomyelitis of mandible

Paget's disease (PD) is a chronic progressive disease of the bone characterized by abnormal bone resorption and deposition affecting either single bone (monostotic) or many bones (polyostotic). The precise etiology of the disease is unknown but it is likely that the disease is a result of a viral infection of the osteoclasts in a genetically susceptible host. It is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with high penetrance. The patients affected are usually over forty years of age, and disease is often asymptomatic. The diagnosis is mainly based on biochemical markers of bone turnover and radiological examinations. Normal levels of calcium phosphates and markedly elevated serum alkaline phosphatase (SAP) is a constant feature of this disease. It is regarded as uncommon in Asians, Scandinavians, and black Africans. In India, Paget's disease is rare. Here, we report a rare case of PD with secondary osteomyelitis of mandible with biochemical, radiological, and dual X-ray absortiometry findings. The patient is currently undergoing treatment successfully using bisphosphonates (Alendronate), an anti-resorptive drug to decrease the morbidity associated with the disease.

Loss of muscle strength in community-dwelling elderly is associated with type 2 diabetes

Materials and methods Data was obtained in the Elderly Project/Goiânia, a cross-sectional study comprising 132 community dwelling elderly (>60 yrs.) of Goiânia, Goias, Brazil. Muscle mass was estimated by standard methods by using dualx-ray-absortiometry (DXA) and was determined by the skeletal muscle mass index (SMI). Muscle strength was determined by Hand grip strength (hand-GS) with a dynamometer on dominant hand. Diabetes diagnose was identified by self-report or use of hypoglycemic agents. Analyses were performed in STATA 12.0. We calculated the prevalence and the difference ratio was evaluated by the Pearson chi-square test (p <0.05). This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of UFG.

AB0528 Bone mineral density, vertebral fractures and their determinants in ankylosing spondylitis

BackgroundOsteoporosis responsible for loss of bone strength and vertebral fracture (VF) rates ranged from 0% to 18% have been reported in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS).ObjectivesIn this study we examined...

Refractive Introscopy and Dual Energetic X-Ray Absorptiometry in Bone Formation Evaluation

The possibility of refractive introscopy use on synchronic radiation source (multitarget complex Mediana) and dual energetic X-ray absorptiometry for the prognosis of bone formation in bone implant remodelling was studied in experiment. Experimental study was performed on 93 samples of rats' tibia. It was shown that refractive introscopy on synchronic source enabled to detect correctly the margins of allograft and native rat's bone tissue. Using this technique and dual X-ray absortiometry it was possible with high probability to prognosticate both the presence and absence of bone formation in the zone of bone-plastic material implantation.

Neridronic acid for the treatment of bone metabolic diseases

Neridronic acid (6-amino-1-idroxyesilidene-1,1-bisphosphonate) is a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate licensed in Italy for the treatment of osteogenesis imperfecta and Paget's disease of bone. The pharmacodynamic profile is similar to that of other nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates and is characterized by its high affinity for bone tissue particularly at sites undergoing a process of remodeling. In growing children affected by osteogenesis imperfect, neridronic acid rapidly increases bone mineral density as measured by dual X-ray absortiometry and this is associated with a significant decrease in fracture cumulative number. Similar results have been obtained also in newborns (< 12 month old) and in adult patients. In Paget's disease of bone, 200 mg intravenous neridronic acid is associated with a 65% rate of full remission and a biochemical response (decrease of > 75% of bone turnover markers) in 95% of the patients. Neridronic acid treatment has been reported to be effective also in other skeletal diseases such as osteoporosis, algodystrophy, hypercalcemia of malignancy and bone metastasis. Neridronic acid has been developed only for parenteral use, and it is the only one used as intramuscular injection. This avoids all the limitations of oral bisphosphonates and may be offered for a home treatment with simple nursing assistance.

Postoperative Protocol in the Prevention of Fragility Fractures in Patients with Osteoporosis-Related Fractures.

Osteoporosis is a multifactorial disorder that requires advanced diagnostic evaluation tools. It should not be considered to be an inevitable disease entity or as a logical consequence of the physiological ageing process. Osteoporosis can be diagnosed and - more importantly - properly treated. It is therefore incomprehensible that most of the patients with diagnosed osteoporosis do not receive a specific pharmacotherapeutic treatment. Since orthopedic trauma surgeons most often see a patient with an osteoporosis-associated fracture on a first-hand basis, they, after providing adequate treatment of the fracture, must play a key role in initiating the primary diagnostics and therapy according to national or international guidelines for patients with previous osteoporotic fractures. Treatment should be closely coordinated with general practitioners so that a continuation of the therapy initiated in the hospital can be guaranteed. Basic measures for fracture prevention, including dietary supplements of calcium and vitamin D, should be recommended and implemented for all patients, whereas only those patients with the diagnosis of a manifest osteoporosis should receive a specific pharmacotherapy. Antiresorptive and anabolic drugs that are licensed for the treatment of men or postmenopausal women with osteoporosis have been shown to effectively reduce the incidence of vertebral and non-vertebral fractures. An evaluation of the treatment efficiency should also be performed, such as routine clinical re-evaluation and the measuring of the bone mineral density by dual X-ray absortiometry, every 18-24 months after the initiation of the pharmacotherapy.

Lumbar Bone Mineral Density After Kidney Transplantation: A Three-Year Prospective Study

Osteopenia is a common complication after transplantation. However, prospective long-term studies are scarce and most were performed in patients on cyclosporine and high-dose steroids. In 65 patients with functioning grafts, 41 males and 24 females, 50 on tacrolimus-based immunosuppression and 15 on cyclosporine-based immunosuppression, bone mineral density (BMD) was measured in the lumbar spine (L2–L4) and femoral neck (FN) using dual X-ray absortiometry (DEXA) in the first month after transplantation (baseline) and at 1, 2, and 3 years. At baseline, BMD was similar to the control population both in L2–L4 ( z score = −0.421) and in FN ( z score = −0.518). During the follow-up, 3 types of patterns were identified: BMD increased in L2–L4 in 25 patients (38.5%), remained stable in 20 patients (30.8%), and decreased in 20 patients (30.8%). BMD losses appeared mainly during the first year (0.964 ± 0.162 baseline; 0.904 ± 0.161 at 1 year, 0.886 ± 0.140 at 3 years; analysis of variance [ANOVA] P < .001). However, the improvement was maintained throughout the follow-up (0.860 ± 0.176 g/cm 2 at baseline; 0.901 ± 0.161 at 1 year; 0.954 ± 0.178 at 3 years; ANOVA P < .001) and there was a parallel increase of BMD in FN (0.712 ± 0.144 at baseline; 0.744 ± 0.249 at 1 year; 0.826 ± 0.184 at 3 years; ANOVA P < .01). There were no differences between both groups in graft function, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels, number of postmenopausal women, or steroid doses. About one third of patients had bone loss during the first year after transplantation. We were unable to identify any risk factor for this complication in patients on low-dose steroids

Discrimination of total body bone mineral density measured by dexa in vertebral osteoporosis.

The assessment of bone mineral density (BMD) is the usual study to detect patients at risk for developing osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to compare the discriminative ability of total body BMD and its different subregions with the more usual measurements of BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck in women with osteoporotic fractures of the spine. The BMD was determined in 61 osteoporotic (at least one vertebral wedge fracture visible in the lateral X-ray film of the thoracic or lumbar spine) and 61 age-matched control women. Measurements were made by dual X-ray absortiometry (DXA) with a total body scanner. The BMD of the osteoporotic women was significantly lower at all skeletal areas compared with control (P < 0.001). The diminution was less pronounced but still significant at the arms (P < 0.05). The areas with the largest Z score in the osteoporotic group were antero-posterior lumbar spine (-1.78), femoral neck (-1.71), legs (-1.67), and total body (-1.59). There was no significant difference among the Z scores of the four above-mentioned measurements. The Z score of the arms (-0.79), spine (-1.12), and head (-1.29) were significantly lower than the Z score of the total body. The Z score of the pelvis was lower than the Z score of the total body but the difference only approached statistical significance (0.05 > P < 0.1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Dual X-ray Absortiometry(DXA) in the Detection of Loosening in the Total Hip Replacement Arthroplasty' Preliminary Study

Dual X-ray Absortiometry(DXA) in the Detection of Loosening in the Total Hip Replacement Arthroplasty' Preliminary Study