Dual Regulation Research Articles

Analyte-Induced Specific Regulation of Light-Responsive COF-Cu Nanozyme Activity for Ultrafast Thiram Colorimetric Sensing.

A light-responsive covalent-organic framework (COF) nanozyme, which integrates the advantages of the COF structure and light-stimulated nanozyme catalysis, is a class of sensing star materials with wide application prospects. However, the sensing methods based on light-responsive COF nanozymes are relatively single at present. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new sensing strategies to broaden its application in chemical sensing and achieve highly efficient detection. Here, a Cu2+-modified COF composite material (TpDA-Cu) was rationally designed. The addition of Cu significantly inhibits the excellent light-responsive nanozyme activity of TpDA itself. However, because of the restoration of the enzyme activity by thiram (Tr) and the oxidase mimic activity of the newly formed Cu/Tr complex, TpDA-Cu/Tr exhibits stronger light-responsive nanozyme activity. Enzyme kinetic data show that compared with TpDA, TpDA-Cu/Tr has a larger Vmax value, which can achieve efficient catalytic oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). In addition, the strong coordination effect of Tr and TpDA-Cu also plays a key role in achieving ultrafast, sensitive, and selective colorimetric detection of Tr. This work develops a dual activity regulation strategy of light-responsive COF nanozymes based on analyte induction and provides a new perspective for the application of light-responsive COF nanozymes in the field of sensing.

Construction of high strength PVA/cellulose conductive hydrogels based on sodium citrate/aluminium chloride dual ions regulation

Hydrogels used for flexible sensing usually require a good balance between mechanical strength and conductivity. In this study, polyvinyl alcohol/carboxymethyl cellulose/cellulose nanofibers (PVA/CMC/CNF) hydrogels with multi-hierarchical structures were firstly prepared by adjusting the CNF content. Then, PVA/CMC/CNF-xM with excellent mechanical properties and conductivity were prepared by cyclic freezing-thawing and sodium citrate/aluminium chloride (Na3Cit/AlCl3) dual ions salt equilibrium methods. Results showed that at an ion concentration of 3 mol/L, PVA/CMC/CNF-3 M hydrogel exhibited a tensile strength, elongation at break and conductivity of 3.41 MPa, 1271 % and 0.35 S/m, respectively. The structural evolution of PVA/CMC/CNF-xM conductive hydrogels were studied, and the results indicated that Cit3− formed numerous intermolecular hydrogen bonds, while Al3+ could strongly coordinate with carboxyl and hydroxyl groups between the polysaccharide chains. Meanwhile, PVA/CMC/CNF-3 M possessed a low strain detection limit of 1 %, making it not only can be used for human motion monitoring, but also information encoding and transmission. This work may provide a facile approach for preparing high-strength and conductive hydrogels, which can be applied in flexible wearable electronic devices and information transmission.

DNAzyme-loaded bimetallic nanoflowers for STING activation and dual metabolic regulation to enhance antitumor immunity

DNAzyme-loaded bimetallic nanoflowers for STING activation and dual metabolic regulation to enhance antitumor immunity

The microstructure and energy-band structure coupling regulation of Ti-doped seed layer for the NiO electrochromic composite films

Structure regulation and doping modification are important means to enhance the electrochemical and electrochromic performance of anode NiO electrochromic films. How to improve cycle stability is crucial for the application of NiO electrochromic films. In this work, we prepared Ti-doped seed layers with varying precise chemical stoichiometry ratios through the sol–gel spin coating method. Subsequently, NiO composite films were successfully fabricated on these seed layers through a simple hydrothermal process. Notably, among all the samples, the A 1/8 sample exhibits superior electrochromic performance, including a large optical modulation amplitude (69.61 % at 550 nm), faster response time (5.0 and 6.2 s), high coloring efficiency (33.87 cm2/C), and excellent cycle stability (3300 cycles). The seed layer plays a crucial role in preventing direct contact between the electrolyte and the electrode, inducing the growth of self-assembled structures, and enhancing adhesion between the film and the electrode. The Ti-doped seed layer can regulate the composite film microstructure and band structure, impacting the film electrochromic properties. In this work, we demonstrate that the cycle stability of the NiO composite films is improved through dual regulation of structure and doping. The A 1/8 sample exhibits superior cycle stability, attributed to the coupling effect of multi-channel nanostructure, and reduces interface barrier with FTO.

Simultaneous realization of efficient solar evaporation and electricity collection through dual regulation of chemical composition and pore channels

The solar-driven interfacial evaporation is a recently developed zero-energy technology for seawater desalination. However, the low evaporation rate poses a significant obstacle to its industrial application, and the collection of streaming potential formed during the evaporation process remains challenging. In this paper, we constructed a solar evaporator capable of simultaneously achieving efficient solar evaporation and electricity collection. Specifically, a double network structure hydrogel comprising polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanoparticles nanofibers (TOCNFs) was fabricated using ice templating, with the addition of sodium lignosulfonate (SLS) to further modulate water distribution within the network. The incorporation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) enabled the achievement of a PVA/TOCNFs/SLS (PTFS) gel-based solar evaporator. The strong electronegativity carried by the TOCNFs enhances the electrostatic repulsion in the PVA-TOCNFs network, thus improving the mechanical properties of PTFS evaporator. The introduction of SLS, which contains abundant sulfonate groups, provides certain antibacterial properties to PTFS evaporator. Due to the presence of numerous hydrophilic groups, both TOCNFs and SLS can form weak hydrogen bonds with water. Through the synergistic effect of TOCNFs and SLS, the latent heat of water in PTFS evaporator is reduced to 924 kJ kg−1, enabling an evaporation rate of 3.70 kg m−2h−1 under 1 sun irradiation. Owing to the smaller pore size relative to the Debye radius and the presence of electronegative functional groups within the pores of PTFS evaporators, an overlapping bilayer is formed when water flows through, resulting in an open-circuit voltage increase of up to 270 mV. The integration of high-efficiency solar evaporation with streaming potential collection presents a novel avenue for enhancing the utilization of solar energy.

HECT domain containing-3 (HECTD3) E3 ubiquitin ligase attenuates cardiac ischemia and hypertrophy in mice

Abstract HECT domain containing 3 (HECTD3) is one of the E3 ubiquitin ligases, the cardiac function of which is not completely understood yet. We aimed here to understand the role of HECTD3 in cardiomyocytes using loss- and gain-of-function approaches in in vitro and in vivo models. Interestingly, we found that HECTD3 was significantly downregulated in cardiac tissue obtained from human patients suffering from cardiac hypertrophy and ischemia. We thus employed loss- and gain-of-function approaches in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRVCMs) to get further insights into potential cardiac function of HECTD3. Overexpression of HECTD3 in NRVCMs attenuated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or interferon-γ (IFN- γ) induced cellular inflammation; its knockdown on the other hand aggravated these effects. Mechanistically, using Yeast two-hybrid screen, mass-spectrometry, and transcriptomics analyses, we identified Small Ubiquitin like Modifier 2 (SUMO2) Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription-1 (STAT1) as novel substrates for HECTD3, regulation of which resulted into attenuation of hypertrophy and inflammation, respectively. To translate these in vitro results in vivo, we employed Adeno-associated virus-9 (AAV-9) mediated gene therapy approach to overexpress HECTD3 specifically in the heart of mouse models of cardiac ischemia due to permanent ligation of the left anterior descending artery (LAD), and cardiac hypertrophy due to transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Overexpression of HECTD3 in mice, though moderate but significantly improved cardiac function upon ischemic or hypertrophic stress compared to respective control groups. Importantly, in vitro findings were consistent in vivo, where AAV-9 mediated overexpression of HECTD3 substantially reduced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, improved cardiac function as assessed by echocardiography, inhibited activation of STAT1-mediated downstream signaling, and attenuated infiltration of inflammatory cells to the heart after TAC or LAD ligation. This data indicates that HECTD3 is a novel modulator of cardiac ischemia, hypertrophy, and inflammation via regulation of SUMO2 and STAT1-signaling. In conclusion, we report here a novel cardioprotective mechanism involving the E3 ubiquitin ligase HECTD3, which exerts anti-hypertrophic and anti-inflammatory effects via dual regulation of SUMO2 and its SUMOylating target STAT1. We believe that this "dual pathway" inhibition exhibits translational importance and could further be exploited for the prevention and/or therapy of heart failure due to cardiac ischemia or hypertrophy.

THI1 Gene Evolutionary Trends: A Comprehensive Plant-Focused Assessment via Data Mining and Large-Scale Analysis.

Molecular evolution analysis typically involves identifying selection pressure and reconstructing evolutionary trends. This process usually requires access to specific data related to a target gene or gene family within a particular group of organisms. While recent advancements in high-throughput sequencing techniques have resulted in the rapid accumulation of extensive genomics and transcriptomics data and the creation of new databases in public repositories, extracting valuable insights from such vast datasets remains a significant challenge for researchers. Here, we elucidated the evolutionary history of THI1, a gene responsible for encoding thiamine thiazole synthase. The thiazole ring is a precursor for vitamin B1 and a crucial cofactor in primary metabolic pathways. A thorough search of complete genomes available within public repositories reveals 702 THI1 homologs of Archaea and Eukarya. Throughout its diversification, the plant lineage has preserved the THI1 gene by incorporating the N-terminus and targeting the chloroplasts. Likewise, evolutionary pressures and lifestyle appear to be associated with retention of TPP-riboswitch sites and consequent dual post-transcriptional regulation of the de novo biosynthesis pathway in basal groups. Multicopy retention of THI1 is not a typical plant pattern, even after successive genome duplications. Examining cis-regulatory sites in plants uncovers two shared motifs across all plant lineages. A data mining of 484 transcriptome datasets supports the THI1 homolog expression under a light/dark cycle response and a tissue-specific pattern. Finally, the work presented brings a new look at public repositories as an opportunity to explore evolutionary trends to THI1.

Research on the recycling decision of WEEE in rural China under dual supervision

Against the backdrop of promoting green, low-carbon, and high-quality development, this paper aims to promote efficient recycling of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) in rural China. In this paper, considering the integrated development of urban and rural areas and the standardization of industrial recycling system, under the joint action of the extension of producer responsibility and “dual regulation” of supply and marketing cooperatives, the evolutionary game model and system dynamics model of three-level recycling network of farmers, supply and marketing cooperatives and retailers are established. The mechanism of the participants to promote the recycling of WEEE in rural areas is discussed and the strategic choices and interactive relationships of various entities in the evolutionary process were used to analyze through the evolutionary game method. Meanwhile, using the theory of system dynamics, the main influencing factors of different evolution stages and the dynamic change process of the system are analyzed. The results show that: (1) supply and marketing cooperatives, retailers, and farmers can initially tend to participate in and supervise the recycling of WEEE; however, (2) they can finally achieve strong supervision, actively undertake and participate in the recycling and stabilization stable strategy of rural WEEE depends on their benefits and cost of expenditure expenditures are reasonable. (3) The strategic choice of supply and marketing cooperatives has the most significant impact on the strategic choice of retailers and the strategic choice of retailers has the most significant impact on the strategic choice of farmers.

Immune infiltration related circular RNA, circGLIS2, facilitated progression of endometriosis through miR-4731-5p/IL-1β axis

Aberrantly expressed circRNAs affects various anti-tumour immune responses and immune cell regulation. However, the exact function of circGLIS2 on the pathogenesis of EMs remains unclear. In this study, we found that circGLIS2 was upregulated in EMs tissues and intimately related to clinicopathologic characteristics of EMs patients. Functionally, IHC and mouse model of EMs proved that circGLIS2 recruited immune cells infiltrated into ectopic endometrial microenvironment. RNA-seq, ELISA, RT-qPCR, and western blot results indicated that circGLIS2 influenced immune infiltration by regulating IL-1β. Besides, expression of circGLIS2 and IL-1β was also closely correlated in 284 human endometrium tissues. Mechanistically, RNA sequencing and intermolecular interaction prediction established “circGLIS2-miR-4731-5p-IL-1β” network. RNA pull down, RIP, dual luciferase reporter assay and expression regulation analysis confirmed the interaction among “circGLIS2-miR-4731-5p-IL-1β” axis. In summary, our findings demonstrated that circGLIS2 facilitated EMs progression by increasing immune cell infiltration via miR-4731-5p/IL-1β axis.

An universal energy-matching design and regulation method for combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) systems in different scenarios

In this study, the impact of the coupling matching mechanism between the systems and the users on the energy-saving characteristics of the systems was analyzed based on a universal representation and computation method to identify the energy saving potential of the systems. The physical model was detailed derived for the relationship between the load supply and user demands under different capacity design modes and operation strategies to construct a universal coupling matching diagram, and the impact of the coupling matching parameters (operational energy efficiency, load matching degree, etc) on system integration and operation in different energy use scenarios was quantitative analyzed to illustrate the inherent mechanism of energy saving characteristics. In addition, the coupling mechanism between the systems and the users from a global perspective was reconstructed, and a coupling method of capacity design factor and dual source regulation was proposed to realize the collaborative integration of centralized energy supply systems, combined cooling, heating, and power systems and load demands, as well as the active regulation of the internal cascade utilization of the systems, so as to improve the energy saving potential of the systems under all operating conditions. Finally, a case analysis and method verification were conducted using typical summer days at Kunming hotel as an example. The results show that the coupling matching relationship is the internal mechanism that affects the energy saving of the systems, and the average energy saving rate of the whole day can be increased by 7.45% through collaborative integration and active regulation.

Dual regulation of IP3 receptors by IP3 and PIP2 controls the transition from local to global Ca2+ signals

The spatial organization of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-evoked Ca2+ signals underlies their versatility. Low stimulus intensities evoke Ca2+ puffs, localized Ca2+ signals arising from a few IP3 receptors (IP3Rs) within a cluster tethered beneath the plasma membrane. More intense stimulation evokes global Ca2+ signals. Ca2+ signals propagate regeneratively as the Ca2+ released stimulates more IP3Rs. How is this potentially explosive mechanism constrained to allow local Ca2+ signaling? We developed methods that allow IP3 produced after G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) activation to be intercepted and replaced by flash photolysis of a caged analog of IP3. We find that phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) primes IP3Rs to respond by partially occupying their IP3-binding sites. As GPCRs stimulate IP3 formation, they also deplete PIP2, relieving the priming stimulus. Loss of PIP2 resets IP3R sensitivity and delays the transition from local to global Ca2+ signals. Dual regulation of IP3Rs by PIP2 and IP3 through GPCRs controls the transition from local to global Ca2+ signals.

Transcription and post-translational mechanisms: dual regulation of adiponectin-mediated Occludin expression in diabetes

BackgroundOccludin, a crucial component of tight junctions, has emerged as a promising biomarker for the diagnosis of acute ischemic disease, highlighting its significant potential in clinical applications. In the diabetes, Occludin serves as a downstream target gene intricately regulated by the adiponectin (APN) signaling pathway. However, the specific mechanism by which adiponectin regulates Occludin expression remains unclear.Methods and resultsEndothelial-specific Ocln knockdown reduced APN-mediated blood flow recovery after femoral artery ligation and nullified APN's protection against high-fat diet (HFD)-triggered apoptosis and angiogenesis inhibition in vivo. Mechanically, we have meticulously elucidated APN's regulatory role in Occludin expression through a comprehensive analysis spanning transcriptional and post-translational dimensions. Foxo1 has been elucidated as a crucial transcriptional regulator of Occludin that is modulated by the APN/APPL1 signaling axis, as evidenced by validation through ChIP-qPCR assays and Western blot analysis. APN hindered Occludin degradation via the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway. Mass spectrometry analysis has recently uncovered a novel phosphorylation site, Tyr467, on Occludin. This site responds to APN, playing a crucial role in inhibiting Occludin ubiquitination by APN. The anti-apoptotic and pro-angiogenic effects of APN were attenuated in vitro and in vivo following Foxo1 knockdown or expression of a non-phosphorylatable mutant, OccludinY467A. Clinically, elevated plasma concentrations of Occludin were observed in patients with diabetes. A significant negative correlation was found between Occludin levels and APN concentrations.ConclusionOur study proposes that APN modulates Occludin expression through mechanisms involving both transcriptional and post-translational interactions, thereby conferring a protective effect on endothelial integrity within diabetic vasculature.Graphical abstract

NOD2-mediated dual negative regulation of inflammatory responses triggered by TLRs in the gastrointestinal tract.

Loss-of-function mutations in nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) constitute the primary risk factors for Crohn's disease. NOD2 is an intracellular sensor for muramyl dipeptide (MDP), a small molecule derived from the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell wall. Although NOD2 is involved in host immune responses, much attention has been paid to the involvement of NOD2 in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. Despite the fact that the proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine responses induced by NOD2 activation alone are weaker than those induced by toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD2 plays a crucial role in host defense against invading pathogens and in the regulation of immune responses. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of negative regulatory functions of NOD2 in TLRs-mediated proinflammatory cytokine responses. MDP-mediated activation of NOD2 induces interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) expression, thereby suppressing nuclear factor-κB-dependent colitogenic cytokine responses through the inhibition of Lys(K)63-linked polyubiquitination on receptor-interacting serine/threonine protein kinase 2. MDP-mediated activation of NOD2 also downregulates TLR9-induced type I IFN responses by inhibiting the K63-linked polyubiquitination of TNF receptor-associated factor 3 via deubiquitinating enzyme A (DUBA) expression. Thus, NOD2 exerts dual negative regulation of TLRs-mediated proinflammatory cytokine and type I IFN responses by inducing the expression of IRF4 and DUBA, respectively. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms whereby NOD2 activation suppresses TLRs-mediated proinflammatory and type I IFN responses. In addition, we discuss the clinical relevance of the NOD2-mediated negative regulation of TLRs in inflammatory bowel disease.

Engineering a superamphiphilic surface for enhanced interfacial bonding in metal-polymer hybrid structure

Insufficient wetting of polymer due to its poor compatibility with metals leads to non-intimate interfacial mutual contact during the thermal-direct bonding process, thus hindering the establishment of effective mechanical interlocking and substantial chemical bonding at the interface, resulting in deficient performance of metal-polymer hybrid structures. To achieve high-quality bonding between non-polar ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and Ti6Al4V titanium alloy (TC4) for the application of artificial joint prostheses, this study innovatively engineered a superamphiphilic (simultaneously superhydrophilic and superlipophilic) TC4 surface, which was achieved through a morphology-chemistry dual regulation strategy. This pretreatment strategy aimed at improving the interfacial compatibility between in-situ oxidized UHMWPE and TC4 and ensuring intimate contact between these two materials during thermal-direct bonding, thus facilitating chemical reactions and mechanical interlocking at the interface. Defect-free and ultra-high-performance TC4-UHMWPE hybrid joints were successfully obtained via friction spot joining (FSpJ) with the lap shear strength reaching 18.05 MPa (higher than all those similar hybrid joints reported in existing literature) and the fracture was confined to the UHMWPE matrix, effectively avoiding interfacial failure. The formation of chemical bonds in the form of COTi at TC4/UHMWPE interface was solidly confirmed based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) analyses. This research presents a compelling strategy for improving interfacial compatibility between polymer and metal for thermal-direct bonding, to overcome the general difficulties in achieving effective interfacial bonding between these two categories of materials with significantly different physiochemical properties.

МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ РЕЖИМОВ РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ВОДНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ МЕЛИОРАТИВНЫХ СИСТЕМ ДВОЙНОГО РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ

The purpose of the research was to develop an algorithm for modeling water supply modes in the control loop "System section" in areas of reclamation systems of dual regulation for further development of software or information tools. The object of research was the pro-cess of water distribution on reclamation systems of dual regulation of the water regime. The information core of the work consisted of provisions on the rules of water distribution on rec-lamation systems and information technologies for automated systems, methods of processing and systematization of information. For modeling, a technique is applied with the allocation of control circuits for which standard modeling tools and algorithms are used. In the course of the research, a simulated water distribution control scheme was compiled on the reclamation systems of dual regulation with a regulating capacity in the control loop «System Section». Modeling functions are defined, such as calculation of water supply modes, modeling of wa-ter intake, transportation and supply modes, calculation of values of regulated levels and their modeling, as well as modeling of water discharge. Based on this and the determination of the initial information for modeling, an algorithm for modeling the distribution of water resources on the reclamation systems of dual regulation site was developed. The task of modeling in this "System section" circuit is to establish the modes of water supply from a regulating tank or a water source receiver by several groups of regulation «A group of water consumers». The de-veloped algorithm includes three stages: preparation for modeling, the modeling of water dis-tribution itself and the maintenance of the results of modeling results

Intrinsic metal ion dual-regulated fabrication of multifunctional nano-interfacial BiFeVO4/Fe-MOF for high photo-Fenton-like synergistic catalytic oxytetracycline removal

Great disparity in crystal size and incompatibility in crystal interface of catalysts lead to low catalytic activity, restricting its application for antibiotic degradation. Herein, a dual regulation strategy via intrinsic ion interpenetration was proposed to engineer multifunctional nano-interfacial BiFeVO4/NH2-MIL-88B(Fe-Bi) (BFV/NMFB) catalysts for efficient photo-Fenton-like catalytic degradation OTC. These multifunctional nano-interfaces (Fe-O-Bi) with abundant vacancy defects enhanced electrical conductivity, broadened light absorption and narrowed band gap. Furthermore, the strong interface bonds enhanced H2O2 adsorption and activation, accelerated photogenerated carrier separation/transfer and promoted Fe3+/Fe2+ redox activity. These properties gave an excellent synergistic effect of photo and Fenton-like catalysis (synergy factor up to 4.6) via changing photocurrent transfer pathway and interfacial adsorption-activation mechanism. Therefore, the designed BFV/NMFB exhibited superior photo-Fenton-like catalytic activity (ka = 189 mol‧mg−1‧min−1), about 3.6–58 times higher than these of reported catalysts. The proposed strategy provided a promising method for the design of MOFs composition for application of antibiotic degradation.

How do heavily polluting firms cope with dual environmental regulation? A study from the perspective of financial asset allocation

In view of the current debate on the relationship between environmental regulation and firm financial asset allocation (FFAA), this study explores the compound effect of binding environmental regulation (BER) and public environmental engagement (PEE) on FFAA. The results show that the single constraint of BER cannot effectively inhibit FFAA, and that the governance effect can only be produced in coordination with PEE. In particular, in state-owned enterprises, areas with a high marketization level, and areas with strong environmental supervision, the synergistic governance effect of dual environmental regulation is more obvious. The inhibition effect mainly depends on the reduction of long-term FFAA, and can simultaneously improve firms' economic and environmental benefits. A mechanism analysis finds that strengthening firm research and development (R&D) innovation and improving total factor productivity are important channels through which dual environmental regulation can collaboratively govern firms to avoid the shift from the real economy to the virtual economy. This study provides new insights for the analysis of the real economy from the perspective of environmental regulation, and also serves as a reference for the improvement of multiple collaborative environmental governance systems.

Structural characterization and hypolipidemic activity of a natural polysaccharide from Suaeda salsa L.

Herein, the identification and analysis of a newly discovered hypolipidemic polysaccharide extracted from Suaeda salsa L., SS3-N1, is reported. The weight-average molecular weight (Mw), number-average molecular weight (Mn), and dispersity (Ð) of SS3-N1 were determined to be 45.50 kDa, 34.21 kDa, and 1.33, respectively. This polysaccharide primarily consists of galactose (50.80 %) and arabinose (30.70 %), with lower proportions of xylose, mannose, guluronic acid, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, ribose, and fucose. Methylation and NMR analyses indicated that its backbone was primarily composed of R → 3,6)-β-D-Galp-(1 → R and R → 5)-α-L-Araf-(1→ residues. The sugar units at the reducing and nonreducing ends were identified as R → 4)-β-D-Xylp-(1 → R and R → 3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → R, respectively. In addition, α-L-Araf (1 → R side branches were incorporated at the C-3 position of R → 3,6)-β-D-Galp-(1 → R. At 100 μg/mL, SS3-N1 surpassed the lipid-lowering efficacy of the positive control, atorvastatin (0.4 μM), in an egg yolk powder (EYP)-induced hyperlipidemic zebrafish model. This effect may be attributed to the modulation of cholesterol metabolism due to the upregulation of nrf2, ho-1, ampk, ppara, and cyp7a1 gene expression and the downregulation of acaca and hmgcr gene expression. Such dual gene regulation inhibits fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis, suggesting potential applications for the natural hypolipidemic polysaccharide derived from S. salsa L.

Impact of media attention on corporate green innovation: What is the role of dual environmental regulation?

This study explores the intricate interplay between media attention, dual environmental regulation, and corporate green innovation quality using a comprehensive dataset of Chinese A-share listed companies. Thus, our rigorous empirical analysis reveals that media visibility significantly affects corporate environmental sustainability efforts, with formal and informal environmental regulations moderating its impact. Media attention acts as a powerful catalyst for green innovation during growth and mature stages of a company's lifecycle; however, its effect diminishes during recessions. We determine significant heterogeneity across industry types and ownership structures. Non-high-polluting industries and non-state-owned enterprises show stronger positive responses to media scrutiny in their green innovation efforts than high-polluting sectors and state-owned enterprises. Furthermore, formal environmental regulations amplify the positive effect of media attention on green innovation, suggesting a synergistic potential that encourages companies to exceed baseline environmental standards. In contrast, while having no direct impact on green innovation, informal environmental regulation significantly moderates the relationship between media attention and innovation quality. These findings add to the literature on environmental innovation by demonstrating the conditional effectiveness of media attention and the critical role of regulatory frameworks in fostering sustainable corporate practices across industries and ownership contexts, with implications for policymakers, corporate strategists, and environmental advocates.

Estrogen Oppositely Regulates Pulmonary Hypertension via METTL3/PFKFB3 Under Normoxia and Hypoxia.

Despite extensive investigation into estrogen's role in pulmonary hypertension (PH) development, its effects-whether beneficial or detrimental-remains contentious. This study aimed to elucidate estrogen's potential role in PH under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Utilizing norfenfluramine- and hypoxia-induced rat models of PH, the study evaluated the impact of 17β-estradiol (E2) on PH progression. E2 promoted PH development under normoxia while providing protection under hypoxia. Mechanistically, under normoxia, E2 upregulated methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) gene transcription and protein via an estrogen response element-dependent pathway, which in turn elevated the m6A methylation and translational efficiency of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase isoform 3 (PFKFB3) mRNA, leading to increased PFKFB3 protein levels and enhanced proliferation and migration of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Conversely, under hypoxia, E2 downregulated METTL3 transcription through a hypoxia response element-dependent mechanism, driven by elevated hypoxia-induced factor 1α (HIF-1α) levels, resulting in reduced PFKFB3 protein expression and diminished PASMCs proliferation and migration. Both METTL3 and PFKFB3 proteins are upregulated in the pulmonary arteries of patients with PAH. Collectively, these findings suggest that E2 exerts differential effects on PH progression via dual regulation of the METTL3/PFKFB3 protein under normoxic and hypoxic conditions, positioning the METTL3/PFKFB3 protein as a potential therapeutic target for PH treatment.