Dual-record System Research Articles

Interaction design of financial insurance products under the Era of AIoT

Abstract This study aims to explore how the insurance business can combine artificial intelligence (AI), huge data technology and good design under the ecological background of AIoT to improve the efficiency of double-entry in the insurance business and improve the user experience. It is accomplished through observation, user interview and other methods to explore user needs and distress points, comprehensive use of image and video analysis, face recognition, behaviour detection and other AI technologies. aiCore intelligent dual-recording system is proposed, which integrated mobile terminal dual-recording application and backstage quality control system. The proposed system realised the design optimisation of the whole process of intelligent dual-recording scenario combining the three functions ‘front-end intelligent dual-recording, in-process real-time quality control and post-AI quality control.’ Using in-process detection, post-review and manual final audit, the aiCore intelligent dual-recording system has significantly improved the efficiency of dual-recording, quality inspection pass rate and user experience satisfaction.

On the estimation of population size under dependent dual-record system: an adjusted profile-likelihood approach

Motivated by various applications in epidemiology, population studies, criminology, etc., the problem of estimating size of a homogeneous human population based on two-sample capture–recapture experiment is considered in this article. The Lincoln–Petersen estimate, assuming independence between the samples, is widely used though often its relevance is unanimously criticized. Time and behavioural response variation model (denoted by ) is the most suitable here. Effect of model mis-specification on the Lincoln–Petersen estimate is studied in terms of efficiency and robustness. We study the accuracy and efficiency of this estimator under existence of dependence between the samples. This article shows that profile-likelihood and its existing modifications fail to make inference from the model . Therefore, an adjustment over profile likelihood is newly proposed and evaluated through an extensive simulation study. Finally, two real data sets with different characteristics are analyzed as practical illustrations of the proposed method.

Dual Archive Record System (DARS) for Increasing Evidence from School Accountability

The objective of the study was to develop a Dual Archive Record System (DARS) for increasing evidence from school accountability. Now, archive management in private schools at Indonesia was not effective because the archive process only uses a manual system or technology system. The impact of using this system is not accurate for supporting physical and legal evidence. Therefore, Dual Archive Record System (DARS) was developed to overcome these problems. The research approach uses research and development (R&D). The subject of this study is all of the private high school in Indonesia. The data were collected through observation, interview, documentation, and questionnaire. Then; the data were analyzed quantitatively; it was using a t-test on the paired data to know the difference of the actual and the new model. Besides that, analysis of data also uses qualitative approach through the data triangulation. The results showed that dual archive record system (DARS) can increase evidence of school accountability. Therefore; it was suggested for school to implement DAR for increasing evidence from school accountability because DARS has a significant contribution to evidence from school accountability.

On the estimation of homogeneous population size from a complex dual-record system

ABSTRACTA dual-record system (DRS) (equivalently two sample capture–recapture experiments) model, with time and behavioural response variation, has attracted much attention specifically in the domain of official statistics and epidemiology, as the assumption of list independence often fails. The relevant model suffers from parameter identifiability problem, and suitable Bayesian methodologies could be helpful. In this article, we formulate population size estimation in DRS as a missing data problem and two empirical Bayes approaches are proposed along with the discussion of an existing Bayes treatment. Some features and associated posterior convergence for these methods are mentioned. Investigation through an extensive simulation study finds that our proposed approaches compare favourably with the existing Bayes approach for this complex model depending upon the availability of directional nature of underlying behavioural response effect. A real-data example is given to illustrate these methods.

An improved integrated likelihood population size estimation in Dual-record System

An improved integrated likelihood is formulated with suitably constructed weight function following Severini (2007) to estimate population size in Dual-record System. The resulting likelihood has several desirable properties. A comparative ordering is established among the relevant estimates. Empirical results demonstrating efficiency and usefulness are reported.

Challenges faced by primary care physicians when prescribing for patients with chronic diseases in a teaching hospital in Malaysia: a qualitative study

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to identify the challenges faced by primary care physicians (PCPs) when prescribing medications for patients with chronic diseases in a teaching hospital in Malaysia.Design/setting3...

Electronic Medical Records in low to middle income countries: The case of Khayelitsha Hospital, South Africa.

IntroductionElectronic Medical Records (EMRs) have shown benefit for clinical, organisational, and societal outcomes. In low-to-middle-income countries, the desire for EMRs will continue to rise as increasing trauma and infectious disease rates necessitate adequate record keeping for effective follow-up. 114 nations are currently working on national EMRs, with some using both a full EMR (Clinicom) and a paper-based system scanned to an online Enterprise Content Management (ECM) database.MethodsThe authors sought to evaluate the ability and completeness of the EMR at Khayelitsha Hospital (KH) to capture all Emergency Centre (EC) encounters classified as trauma. Based on the high trauma rates in the Khayelitsha area and equally high referral rates from KH to higher-level trauma centres, an assumption was made that its rates would mirror nationwide estimates of 40% of EC visits. Records from July 2012 to June 2013 were examined.Results3488 patients visited the EC in the month of July 2012. 10% were noted as trauma on Clinicom and within their records were multiple sections with missing information. The remaining months of Aug 2012–June 2013 had an average trauma load of 8%. On further investigation, stacks of un-scanned patient folders were identified in the records department, contributing to the unavailability of records from January 2013 to the time of study (June 2013) on ECM.ConclusionThe results highlight difficulties with implementing a dual record system, as neither the full EMR nor ECM was able to accurately capture the estimated trauma load. Hospitals looking to employ such a system should ensure that sufficient funds are in place for adequate support, from supervision and training of staff to investment in infrastructure for efficient transfer of information. In the long run, efforts should be made to convert to a complete EMR to avoid the many pitfalls associated with handling paper records.

A new variant of dual-record population estimation with an application in remote indigenous communities

Dual-record system methods are commonly used as a basis for population estimation. A basic assumption is that the units sampled are drawn only from the population to be estimated. This assumption cannot be met for remote Indigenous communities in Australia. A new variant of dual-record population estimation is presented, which relies on the availability of specific additional information to relax the assumption of perfect frame specification. This variant is applied to two remote Indigenous communities in the Northern Territory of Australia, using locally available data sources. Further theoretical exploration of this method is presented along with possible applications in estimating area-enumerated populations and census coverage.

Estimators of vital events in dual-record systems

Dual-record system estimation has been widely used to obtain vital events in the past. Because of the weakness of the statistical assumptions of the model, as well as the biases involved in the estimators, its use became limited. The proposed estimators for dual-record systems are based on further division of the cells of the original table. The results have shown that they improved the underestimation of the total counts when compared with the classical Chandra Sekar-Deming estimator.

Dependent dual-record system estimation of number of events: a capture-mark-recapture strategy

This paper discusses the use of the capture-mark-recapture (CMR) technique - for the estimation of the total number of individuals or events for bird, fish, animal, or human populations - when data are available from two dependent sources of information (SOIs). Specifically, the CMR stochastic models developed by Jolly and Seber, which assume independent samples, are modified to allow for dependence (source correlation) between SOIs, a reality in most situations. Accordingly, valid estimates regarding the biodiversity for certain species or populations in the environment and the prevalence of rare events, such as environmental insults, can be obtained for better decision-making. Moreover, coverage of various SOIs can be corrected for, thus improving their quality. A numerical application is given in which the proposed estimates of vital events, based on data from the vital registration system and a one-shot survey, are adjusted for dependence between sources and compare favorably to other estimates suggested in the literature.

Design of Diphenylether Diazonium Salt and Application to Dual Color Direct Thermal Recording.

We have designed and synthesized diphenylether diazonium salts as red color formers for a black-red dual color direct thermal recording system. The diphenylether diazonium salts obtained form red color via a coupling reaction with Naphthol-AS or yellow color via a coupling reaction with Naphthol-ASI4G. The color forming abilities of papers coated with the mixture of coupler, organic base, thermo-sensitizer and microcapsule incorporating the derivatives were examined. The derivative having normal butyl chain could be encapsulated in high amounts and formed vivid red color. Combined with another black color-forming diazonium salt, black-red dual color direct thermal recording was achieved.

On Estimators for Dual Record Systems

Three estimators of the number of events missed in a dual record system of data collection are briefly reviewed. An empirical study by Chandrasekaran and Deming which compares the performance of their estimator with that of Greenfield is then considered and some further calculations on their data are presented. The data are for Indonesia. (EXCERPT)

Report on matching procedures of a dual record system in the southern Philippines

There are generally three stages to the development of rules for matching vital events data from two sources covering the same population: (a) establishing a set of "true" matches and nonmatches; (b) determining the best tolerance limits for each single characteristic which might be used in matching; and (c) experimenting to determine the set or sets of characteristics and the weights to be used in classifying a pair of records as matched or nonmatched. Specific examples, based on early matching experiments with data from the dual record system of the Mindanao Center for Population Studies (MCPS), are presented. Successive application of different sets of characteristics (differential valence rule) to the remaining unmatched events produced an acceptable rule for matching in this study.

Population estimates for Bangladesh: The use of a specific transitional population model

Summary The development of population in Bangladesh was affected by a succession of man-made and natural calamities, such as the Bengal Famine of 1943, refugee movements following the partition of India and Pakistan in 1947, devastating floods and cyclones around 1970, and the military action during the war of liberation. Though there had been a tradition of census taking and vital registration in Bangladesh, as part of the Indian sub-continent, extending for over a century, vital registration was so deficient as to be almost valueless, and there were gross misstatements of age and under-enumeration in the censuses. In the census of 1941, on the other hand, political manoeuvring led to a substantial overcount of the population. In this paper, Bangladesh population trends are studied within the broader framework of the subcontinent, taking account of plausible differentials. A considerable element of uncertainty was introduced into growth trends as a result of variations in the completeness of census-taking and of unrecorded refugee and labour movements across open land borders. In this connection the substantial inflationary bias associated with techniques of population estimation using the dual record system is discussed. The application of stable population models is even less justified in Bangladesh with its history of declining mortality. A transitional age structure model was constructed on the basis of the information available on declining mortality and accelerating growth and the model was made even more specific by modifications which took care of the impact of recent calamities and of unrecorded migration. The population base of the census of 1961 was adjusted in accordance with this model. The local mortality age pattern was used in projecting the population by sex and age groups to the date at which the census was originally due to be taken in 1971, and to the date when it was actually taken in March 1974. The post-1970 calamities and their effect on mortality were ignored. The aggregate estimate of population of 72.9 million in March 1974 is slightly in excess of the census count (by about two per cent) reported provisionally as 71.3 million. The excess in our estimate could be accounted for by the losses due to cyclone and military action.

Matching Experimentation in a Dual Record System for Births and Deaths in Morocco

Matching Experimentation in a Dual Record System for Births and Deaths in Morocco