Dual-polarized Magneto-electric Dipole Research Articles

Dual-Polarized Magneto-Electric Dipole for 5G 28-GHz Phased Array Applications

Dual-Polarized Magneto-Electric Dipole for 5G 28-GHz Phased Array Applications

A Compact Substrate-Integrated Dual-Polarized Magneto-Electric Dipole Antenna With Endfire Radiation for Millimeter-Wave Applications

A Compact Substrate-Integrated Dual-Polarized Magneto-Electric Dipole Antenna With Endfire Radiation for Millimeter-Wave Applications

Broadband Dual-Polarized Magnetoelectric Dipole Antenna for In-Band Full-Duplex Application

A broadband dual-polarized magneto-electric (ME) dipole antenna is proposed for in-band full-duplex (IBFD) application. The exploited antenna comprises a cross ME dipole, two П-shaped and Г-shaped feedlines, and a ground with a box-shaped baffle. A wideband 180° power divider is connected to the П-shaped feedline and a coaxial line directly to the Г-shaped feedline to excite the cross ME dipole with dual-polarization. Meanwhile, the introduced baffle will stable the radiation pattern and improve the realized gains over a wideband frequency range. As a result, a broadband hybrid decoupling technique is adopted in this design, and the measured antenna prototype realizes an impedance bandwidth of 1.7 - 2.7 GHz (45.4%) for the 10 dB return loss, high isolation of better than 50 dB and the realized gains of more than 7 dBi. These characteristics make the proposed antenna a promising candidate for IBFD base station systems.

Dual-Wideband Dual-Polarized Magnetoelectric Dipole Antenna for Sub-6 GHz Applications

This letter presents a dual-wideband dual-polarized magnetoelectric dipole (ME) antenna, which works at the prominent frequency bands of 1.7 - 2.7 GHz and 3.3 - 5.0 GHz in Sub-6 GHz. A cross ME dipole excites dual-polarized radiation, and a cross-strip under the cross-dipole embeds a notched band from 2.7 - 3.3 GHz. Further, a cross-patch above the cross-dipole and a metal baffle around the ground improve the wideband impedance matching and stable the radiation pattern. As a result, a prototype of the proposed antenna is fabricated and measured. The measured results exhibit dual-wideband and dual-polarized characteristics of 1.66 GHz - 2.6 GHz (44.13%) and 3.12 GHz - 5.08 GHz (47.8%), 1.74 GHz - 2.64 GHz (41.09%) and 3.34 GHz - 5.08 GHz (42.08%), and the realized gains of 7 dBi and 9 dBi for the two ports, respectively. The proposed antenna is state-of-the-art for base-station applications in Sub-6 GHz.

A Novel Dual-Polarized Magnetoelectric Dipole Antenna and Its Array for LTE and 5G Sub-6 GHz Base Station Applications

This study presents a novel dual-polarized magnetoelectric dipole antenna and its array with director and rectangular parasitic metal patches for LTE and 5G sub-6 GHz base station applications. This antenna is composed of L-shaped magnetic dipoles, planar electric dipoles, rectangular director, rectangular parasitic metal patches, and η-shaped feed probes. The gain and bandwidth were enhanced by using the director and parasitic metal patches. The measured impedance bandwidth of the antenna was 82.8% (1.62-3.91 GHz, VSWR < 1.5), and its gain was 10 ± 0.5 dBi. The profile of the antenna unit, operated at 1.7 GHz, was only 42 mm (0.227λ0, where λ0 represents the free space wavelength corresponding to the lowest resonance frequency point). Subsequently, four antenna units were arranged in a line array with 0.6λ0 spacing. Both the antenna and its array were fabricated and measured. The measurement results show that the array has good radiation characteristics, such as broad bandwidth covering 1.65-3.97 GHz (VSWR < 1.5), high gain (its gain was great than 15.2 dBi), and high radiation efficiency (>90%). Its HPBWs were 63° ± 4° and 15° ± 2° for H- and E-planes, respectively. The design can cover TD-LTE and 5G sub-6 GHz NR n78 frequency bands very well, meaning that this is a good candidate antenna for base station applications.

A Coupled-Fed Broadband Dual-Polarized Magnetoelectric Dipole Antenna for WLAN and Sub-6 GHz 5G Communication Applications

This paper presents a novel coupled-fed broadband dual-polarized magnetoelectric dipole antenna for wireless local area network (WLAN) and 5G communication applications. The proposed magnetoelectric dipole antenna is composed of a planar electric dipole and shorting pins as a magnetic dipole to obtain a broad operation frequency band. Two coupled microstrip lines perpendicular to each other are coupled through a cross-shaped slot to excite the vertical and horizontal polarizations. The proposed antenna features a simple structure, high gain, and high polarization isolation. The measured impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna is 1.8–4.2 GHz (fractional bandwidth of 80%). The measured realized antenna gain value is 3.7–8.5 dBi, and polarization isolation level is 25 dB at the operation frequency band.

Broadband Dual-Polarized Magnetoelectric Dipole Antenna With Compact Structure for 5G Base Station

This paper presents a compact wideband dual-polarized magnetoelectric dipole antenna suitable for 5G base stations, which can cover 5G NR n77/78/79 band. The proposed antenna is configured with a cross ME dipole loaded with a rectangular slot, and two L-shaped feed lines are coplanar with the vertical patch, which makes the transverse size of the antenna more compact. The prototype size is <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.57\,\,\lambda _{min} \times 0.57\,\,\lambda _{min}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (length <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> width). According to the measured results, the operating band of the antenna is 3.06-5.28 GHz, and the impedance bandwidth is 53.2% of −10 dB. In the whole frequency range, the isolation between ports is less than −22 dB. Furthermore, metal baffles around the ground are used to stabilize the radiation pattern and improve the front-to-back ratio, achieving gains greater than 8dBi in the frequency band. However, the half power beam width (HPBW) exceeds 65°±5° for base station applications. The antenna has the advantages of broadband, high front-to-back ratio and low cross-polarization, and can be used as a good candidate antenna for 5G commercial small base stations.

A Low-Profile Dual-Polarized Magneto-Electric Dipole Antenna for 5G Applications

A low-profile dual-polarized magneto-electric dipole (MED) is presented in this communication. The low profile was achieved using meander slots on the vertical magneto dipole, reducing the antenna height to 0.15λ0, where λ0 is the wavelength of the center frequency. Relatively, the proposed MED structure is easier to process and more stable than the traditional low-profile MED structure. The broadband performance for 5G Applications was realized based on MED structure, and the dual-polarization structure has wider coverage area and lower multipath transmission losses. Moreover, the orthogonal feeding structure provides a satisfying isolation between two ports. To verify the simulation results, a prototype of the proposed antenna was fabricated and measured. The results show that the overlapped operating frequency bandwidth with |S11| ≤ −10 dB, |S12| ≤ −20 dB was 36.8% from 3.1 GHz to 4.5 GHz, the peak gain reached 10.2 dBi, and the average gain exceeded 8.5 dBi. The measured 3 dB beamwidth with more than 44 degrees beamwidth was realized in both E-plane and H-plane. In addition, cross-polarization levels below −22 dB that covered the above frequency band were achieved. Compared with other MED antennas, in addition to broadband and high gain, the proposed antenna has the advantages of a low profile, easy processing, and low cost, which make it a competitive candidate for 5G applications.

Broadband Cross-Slotted Patch Antenna for 5G Millimeter-Wave Applications Based on Characteristic Mode Analysis

This article proposes a wideband differentially fed dual-polarized magnetoelectric (ME) dipole for millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) applications. Various electric and magnetic characteristic modes of a slotted patch antenna are investigated and utilized effectively to create a stable broadside radiation pattern, covering fifth-generation (5G) frequency bands from 24.25 to 40 GHz. To implement this, the lifted ground (LGND) concept is applied to achieve a 57.1% impedance bandwidth for a single antenna element. In addition, the three resonances of the antenna can be manipulated independently. The use of differential feeding allows more than 36 dB of port-to-port isolation across the entire operating band. The measured gains of the single element and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 2 array are 8.4 and 13.4 dBi, respectively. Also, the measured results indicate symmetrical E- and H-plane radiation patterns and cross-polarization levels lower than −26 dB. With the favorable electrical performance, compact size, simple structure, and low-cost fabrication, the proposed ME dipole is a promising candidate for mm-Wave Antenna-in-Package (AiP) applications.

A Broadband Dual-Polarized Magneto-Electric Dipole Antenna Element for Low-Frequency Astronomical Arrays

This paper presents simulation-based design and analysis of a broadband dual-polarized magneto-electric dipole antenna element that can be used to construct VHF astronomical antenna arrays. The antenna consists of two pairs of radiating structures, each fed by a Γ-shaped feeding section. The feeding section and radiating parts are physically disconnected from each other. The antenna is evaluated by simulation, and its −10 dB impedance matching bandwidth ranges from 115 to 340 MHz. The maximum gain of the antenna is about 8 dB over the operating range. Isolation of about 20 dB is observed between the two input ports.

Dual-Polarized Filtering Magnetoelectric Dipole Antenna Utilizing Intrinsic Highpass Filter Network and Integrated Lowpass Filter Network

This article presents an effective design method to integrate bandpass filtering response into an aperture-fed dual-polarized magnetoelectric dipole (ME-dipole) antenna. The antenna is composed of a traditional ME-dipole radiator and a modified aperture-coupled feeding structure. In one aspect, highpass filtering radiation response is realized by approximating the antenna radiator as a highpass filter network. In another aspect, by developing an improved aperture-coupled feeding structure with lowpass filter characteristics, the antenna obtains lowpass filtering radiation response. As a result, bandpass filtering radiation response is achieved. Since no intricate filter resonators are used, the in-band antenna gains are not degraded. The highpass/lowpass filter networks are studied and specific radiation nulls generated by the two networks are analyzed. For demonstration, a single-polarized model is presented first and its working mechanism is studied in detail. It realizes a 78.6% impedance bandwidth, flat in-band gains of 7.5–7.8 dBi, and more than 22 dB out-of-band radiation suppression level. Then, based on the same methodology, a dual-polarized antenna model i developed with 69.3% operating bandwidth, 7.1–9.3 dBi measured in-band gains, and integrated bandpass filtering radiation response.

Dual-Broadband Dual-Polarized Shared-Aperture Magnetoelectric Dipole Antenna for 5G Applications

A dual-broadband dual-polarized magnetoelectric dipole (ME-dipole) antenna with a shared aperture for 5G applications is proposed in this communication. The antenna is operated at the 2.35–3.93 GHz (N41 and N78) and 24–34 GHz (N257 and N258) dual fifth-generation (5G) bands. Each band exhibits a dual-polarized radiation, and more importantly, the two bands shared the same radiation aperture. In the millimeter-wave (MM-wave) band, the proposed antenna can generate two-dimensional (2-D) multiple beams with dual-polarization, and the switching range at each plane is about ±20°. The antenna is composed of two kinds of ME-dipole. The MM-wave band uses an ME-dipole feeding through the substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) as the source to excite four horn antennas with inclined inner walls to achieve high-gain 2-D switching with dual-polarization. The lower frequency band combines the four horn antennas to achieve a large dual-polarized ME-dipole antenna. The antenna operating mechanism and the design procedure are illustrated in detail. The measured results show that a −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 33.91% (24–33.91 GHz) and 50.31% (2.35–3.93 GHz) is achieved. The peak gain of the proposed antenna in the two bands is 10.67 dBi (3.8 GHz) and 14.85 dBi (32.2 GHz), respectively. Due to the robust characteristics of the ME-dipole and horn antenna, the antenna shows a stable pattern and a wide impedance bandwidth, which covers most of the current 5G microwave and MM-wave bands. The antenna features a shared aperture, large frequency ratio, dual-broadband, dual-polarization, and 2-D multiple beams, which are well suited for the 5G base station applications.

A Wideband mmWave Antenna in Fan-Out Wafer Level Packaging With Tall Vertical Interconnects for 5G Wireless Communication

A novel fan-out wafer-level packaging (FOWLP) technology with double-sided redistribution layers (RDLs) and tall copper vertical interconnects is described. The design of a dual-polarized magnetoelectric (ME) dipole antenna based on this new packaging technology is presented. It is shown that the antenna with a size of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10\times10$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> achieves good impedance matching and a stable radiation pattern over a wide bandwidth from 25 to 43 GHz, which can cover most of the millimeter-wave (mmWave) bands of the fifth-generation (5G) mobile networks in different countries. The measurement results demonstrate that the antenna is well suited for FOWLP technology and can be used for phased-array modules in 5G wireless communication systems.

A Broadband Circularly Polarized Reflectarray With Magneto-Electric Dipole Elements

This communication reports a broadband circularly polarized (CP) reflectarray operating at <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$X$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -band. An asymmetric dual-polarized magneto-electric (ME) dipole is proposed as the reflectarray element to realize broadband cophasal far-field radiation based on the element rotation technique. Broad bandwidth and high-purity circular polarization are achieved. The fabricated prototype shows a 1.5 dB axial ratio (AR) and 3 dB AR bandwidth of 37% and 42%, respectively. Peak gain of 25.4 dBic and peak aperture efficiency of 60% are experimentally obtained. The aperture efficiency remains higher than 45% over a wide bandwidth spanning from 8.3 to 12.4 GHz. Specifically, the proposed element can be realized on an air gap-free low-profile single-board substrate configuration, owing to the wideband characteristic of the ME dipole. This comparatively robust and easy-to-fabricate structure would be desirable for many applications including broadband satellite communications.

A Wideband Dual-Polarized Antenna for Millimeter-Wave Applications

A wideband dual-polarized magneto-electric (ME) dipole for millimeter waveband applications is presented. The ME dipole consists of four shorted patches, which are fed by two pairs of T-shaped probes orthogonally oriented on the same layer. The feed lines are connected with the T-shaped probes through metallic vias. Simulated overlapped impedance bandwidth of 50% with return loss larger than 10 dB, gain up to 9.4 dBi, and isolation higher than 17.8 dB between dual polarizations are achieved. By combining the antenna elements with single-layered feed networks, a 2 ×2 array is designed, fabricated, and measured. The overlapped working bandwidth is 50%, with gain up 14.8 dBi. With the advantages of wide bandwidth, single-layered radiation structure, and promising radiation pattern, the proposed antenna with dual polarizations would be attractive for millimeter-wave antenna in package (AiP) applications.

A Dual-Polarized Magneto-Electric Dipole Antenna Based on Printed Ridge Gap Waveguide Technology

In this communication, a dual-polarized magneto-electric (ME) dipole antenna is implemented in the printed ridge gap waveguide (PRGW) technology. The antenna is composed of a cross-shaped ME-dipole backed by an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) sidewall cavity. This cavity is fed by two orthogonal PRGWs implemented in two separate layers to achieve a dual-polarization with −28 dB isolation level at the center operating frequency (30 GHz). The proposed antenna achieves a 23.4% relative impedance bandwidth at 30 GHz with isolation better than 20 dB over the whole operating frequency band. In addition, a gain enhancement technique is used to increase the gain to 10 dB over the operating bandwidth. A prototype is fabricated and there is a good agreement between simulated and measured results.

A wideband dual-polarized antenna using magneto-electric dipoles for base station applications

Design and investigation of a new configuration of wideband dual-polarized magneto-electric dipole (MED) antenna for 2G/3G/4G base station applications operating from 1.7 to 2.7 GHz is presented. Two pairs of single-polarized MED antennas are arranged adjacent to each other to produce ±45° dual-polarization. Each pair of dipoles excited through a 3-dB power divider fed by a coaxial cable and a ground plane employed under the dipoles with the distance of λ/4 to produces a metallic reflector, which leads to unidirectional radiation patterns. Consequently, the proposed two-port base-station (BTS) antenna yields bandwidths of 1190 MHz (1.64 GHz–2.83 GHz) and 1060 MHz (1.67 GHz–2.73 GHz) for port-1 and −2 respectively with isolation better than −20 dB between the ports. Twelve metallic ground walls surround the radiators to achieve stable radiation properties across the operating frequency band. Subsequently, the dual-polarized antenna achieves half-power beamwidths (HPBWs) of about 61°, 65°, and 70° at frequencies of 1800 MHz, 2000 MHZ, and 2300 MHz respectively and realized peak gain of around 10.29 dBi for port-1 and 10.27 dBi for port-2 within the operating frequency band. A prototype of the proposed dual-polarized BTS antenna fabricated and tested with a good agreement between the measurements and simulations.

Design of a Dual-Polarized Magnetoelectric Dipole Antenna With Gain Improvement at Low Elevation Angle for a Base Station

A ±45° dual-polarized broadband magnetoelectric dipole antenna with gain improvement at low elevation angle is proposed in this letter for a base station. The proposed antenna covers 2.45–2.8 GHz, indicating a 13.3% impedance band. In order to improve the gain at ±60° angle, a notched metal wall is employed and the gain of the proposed antenna at ±60°angle is improved by 2 dB over the entire band compared with the original antenna. Moreover, the proposed antenna has good performances with stable radiation patterns, a front-to-back ratio around 20 dB and a cross-polarization discrimination over 15 dB. An antenna prototype is fabricated and measured for verification. A good agreement is met between the simulation and measurement and good performances make it a candidate for a 5G base station.

A Dual-Polarized Magnetoelectric Dipole Array Based on Printed Ridge Gap Waveguide With Dual-Polarized Split-Ring Resonator Lens

In this article, a 1x4 dual-polarized magnetoelectric (ME) dipole antenna array is proposed. The antenna is excited by a dual-polarized fork-shaped microstrip line based on printed ridge gap waveguide technology. To achieve additional gain, a dual-polarized split-ring resonator (SRR) is designed, which has a mu-near zero (MNZ) feature. This scatterer works as a meta-lens to convert the radiated spherical wave to a plane wave for both polarizations. Integrating four layers of the proposed inclusions on top of the ME dipole antenna results in an increase in the antenna gain by a maximum of 3 dB. The proposed 1 x 4 antenna array was fabricated and tested, and the measured reflection coefficient at Port 1 is less than -10 dB over the frequency band of 28-35 GHz, while the measured realized gain varies from 14.3 to 15.4 dBi, and the measured radiation efficiency varies from 78% to 88%. The measured reflection coefficient at Port 2 for the orthogonal polarization is less than -8 dB over the frequency band of 28-35 GHz, with a measured gain of 14.8-16 dBi, and the measured radiation efficiency varies from 81% to 90%.

A Ka-Band Wideband Dual-Polarized Magnetoelectric Dipole Antenna Array on LTCC

A Ka -band wideband dual-polarized magnetoelectric (ME) dipole antenna with the feeding structure consisting of two orthogonal L-shaped probes with different heights is presented based on the low-temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) technology. A simulated overlapped impedance bandwidth of 42.5% is achieved together with an isolation of higher than 24 dB between the two input ports and stable radiation characteristics over the operating band. By combining the radiating elements with a single-layered feed network composed of microstrip lines, a $4\times 4$ dual-polarized ME dipole antenna array is designed, fabricated, and measured. An overlapped impedance bandwidth of 45% that can cover the entire Ka -band, a gain up to 16.1 dBi, and stable symmetrical radiation patterns in the two orthogonal planes with cross polarization of less than −15 dB are experimentally confirmed. With advantages of the compact geometry, wide operating band, and promising radiation performance, the proposed antenna array with dual polarization would be attractive for millimeter-wave wireless applications in Ka -band.