Dual Plating Technique Research Articles

Multifaceted and dual-edged native Trichoderma strains from subabul rhizospheric soil to combat Fusarium wilt disease – a sustainable approach

ABSTRACT Fusarium wilt and gummosis disease is a major concern in Subabul plantations, resulting in quantitative and qualitative wood losses to the paper and pulp industry. Growers currently rely on agrochemicals, which are not environmentally safe. Therefore, developing a sustainable control strategy employing biocontrol agents is necessary. For this, the investigation was performed to identify native Trichoderma strains from Subabul rhizospheric soil having antagonistic, disease control efficiency, and PGPR attributes. Six antagonistic Trichoderma (TR1 to TR6) strains were isolated and their efficacy was tested against Fusarium in-vitro by dual plate technique and volatile metabolites. Among these, Trichoderma strains TR1 and TR2 were found efficient in counteracting the growth of F. equiseti (70–90% inhibition) compared to control. The effectiveness was primarily attributed to the increased production of volatile metabolites, siderophores, and the ability to solubilise the nutrients (P and K). Further, six potent Trichoderma strains were identified as T. asperellum (TR1, TR2, TR3, TR6), and T. hamatum (TR4, TR5) through rDNA ITS gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. These isolates were mass-multiplied, formulated using Talc powder followed by bio-priming in rooting media. The application of Trichoderma into rooting media reduced the wilt disease caused by artificial inoculation of F. equiseti. Further, TR1 and TR2 were found promising with conferred protection against wilt, enhanced survival rate (10–15%), and improved growth compared to untreated control. Application of adapted TR1 and TR2 antagonists in rooting media during clonal multiplication has the potential wilt control efficiency, enhanced survival rate, and plant growth promotion in Subabul.

Fixation techniques for periprosthetic femur fractures around total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review

There is no consensus regarding the treatment algorithm for the fixation of periprosthetic femur fractures (PFFs) around a total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Established methods of fracture fixation include locking plate (LP) or retrograde intramedullary nail (RIN) techniques. Newer fixation methods include the dual plate (DP) and the nail-plate combination (NPC) techniques. The purpose of this study is to review the literature on the outcomes of PFF fixation following TKAs over the past two decades. A systematic review was undertaken in the MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases in accordance with the PRISMA standards. Selection criteria included: patient cohort > 5 cases and minimum follow-up of 12 mo. Risk of bias was assessed with the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklists for Cohort Studies and Case Series. Combined data analysis was performed with linear models and linear mixed effect models to compare the post-operative outcomes of the LP, RIN, and DP techniques. Our search identified 1086 studies and 31 were selected for final analysis. The number of the studies for the LP, RIN, DP, and NPC techniques were 23, 15, 4, and 1, respectively. There were no differences in the time to union, Knee Society Knee Score, or range of motion among the LP, RIN, and DP techniques. Although analysis did not demonstrate significant differences, it is limited by the lack of the available studies using the DP technique. Additionally, only one study for the NPC technique was retained after screening and data analysis was therefore not possible.

Unleashing Bacillus species as versatile antagonists: Harnessing the biocontrol potentials of the plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria to combat Macrophomina phaseolina infection in Gloriosa superba

Charcoal rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina is one of the most devastating diseases that cause severe yield loss in Gloriosa superba cultivation. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are extensively harnessed as biocontrol agents due to their effectiveness in combating a wide array of plant pathogens through a multifaceted approach. The present study delved into the mechanisms underlying its ability to inhibit root rot pathogen and its capacity to promote plant growth in G. superba, commonly known as glory lily. PGPR isolated from the rhizosphere of glory lily were subjected to in vitro assessments using the dual plate technique. The isolated Bacillus subtilis BGS-10 and B. velezensis BGS-21 showed higher mycelial inhibition (61%) against M. phaseolina. These strains also promote plant growth by producing indole-3-acetic acid, siderophore, ammonia, amylase, cellulase, pectinase, xylanase, and lipase chemicals. Genome screening of BGS-10 and BGS-21 revealed the presence of antimicrobial peptide genes such as Iturin (ituD gene), surfactin (srfA and sfp genes) along with the mycolytic enzyme β-1,3-glucanase. Further, the presence of secondary metabolites in the bacterial secretome was identified through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. Notably, pyrrolo[1,2-a] pyrazine-1,4-dione, hexahydro-3-(2-methylpropyl), 9 H-pyrido[3,4-b] indole and L-leucyl-D-leucine exhibited the highest docking score against enzymes responsible for pathogen growth and plant cell wall degradation. Under glasshouse conditions, tuber treatment and soil application of talc-based formulation of B. subtilis BGS-10 and B. velezensis BGS-21 suppress the root rot incidence with a minimal disease incidence of 27.78% over untreated control. Concurrently, there was a notable induction of defense-related enzymes, including peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), in glory lily. Therefore, it can be concluded that plant growth-promoting Bacillus strains play a significant role in fortifying the plant's defense mechanisms against the root rot pathogen.

Arthrodesis of the Second and Third Tarsometatarsal Joints: Comparison of Clinical Results Using Combined or Individual Plating Techniques

Category: Midfoot/Forefoot; Other Introduction/Purpose: Arthrodesis is an effective treatment of midfoot arthritis in reducing pain and improving function. However, there is a known risk of non-union. Our aim was to compare the outcomes of individual plating versus dual plating for combined fusion of the 2nd and 3rd tarsometatarsal joints (TMTJs). Our primary outcome was bone healing and secondary outcomes include patient reported outcome measures. Methods: All cases underwent primary arthrodesis of the 2nd and 3rd TMTJs. Arthrodesis was performed using either a single ‘H- shaped’ plate (combined plating group) or using two separate plates (individual plating group). The outcome measures were bony union and the Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire score. Results: Forty-five procedures were undertaken with a mean follow-up of 527 days. The combined plating group had 28 cases and individual plating group had 17 cases. There were 10 cases (35.71%) of non-union in the combined plating group and 2 cases (11.76%) in the individual plating group. Muti-variate regression analysis showed a significant relationship of non-union with use of the combined plating group (p =.047, OR 5.822). Patients who had also undergone 1st TMTJ fusion had an increase chance of union (p=.043, OR 9.896). No other factors showed significance. MOX-FQ scores were superior in the individual group at 6 months post-surgery although this significance was lost when the non- unions were excluded. Conclusion: This study is the first to report a difference in union between combined plating and individual plating techniques in arthrodesis of the 2nd and 3rd TMTJs. We believe that individual plates permit a more anatomical reduction and greater compression at the site of arthrodesis as compared to a dual plate technique. Achieving union results in a better functional outcome.

Dual plate fixation of proximal humerus fractures: Retrospective review and surgical technique.

Recent interest has been directed towards dual plate fixation for comminuted proximal humerus fractures, with an aim to improve construct stability and thus improve patient outcomes while decreasing the risk of fracture-associated complications. We present our experience with this technique in a case series of patients with proximal humerus fractures and describe our surgical technique. This was a single-center retrospective case series of patients presenting with an acute (<6 weeks) proximal humerus fracture who underwent ORIF with dual plating fixation. Patient, fracture, and surgical data were collected. All patient outcomes were evaluated using Constant-Murley shoulder score and Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation. Our series included nine patients with a mean age of 46.2 years (range: 27-70 years old). All fractures healed within 4 months and no complications were encountered. At 1 year follow-up, the mean SANE score was 69.4% and the mean Constant Murley shoulder score was 78.9 (range: 70-96). Our current series shows that applying the dual plating technique in severely comminuted proximal humerus fractures provides adequate fixation and thus good patient outcomes. Further research is required before this technique can be strongly recommended for management of these complex fractures. Level 5.

Dual plate has better biomechanical stability than hook plate or superior single plate for the fixation of unstable distal clavicle fractures: a finite element analysis.

A variety of surgical techniques have been addressed for distal clavicle fractures, while none of these is considered to be gold standard fixation. Currently, dual plate fixation has been proposed and achieved satisfying clinical results. However, the biomechanical study about dual plate technique in treating unstable distal clavicle fractures is limited. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the biomechanical properties of this technique by finite element analysis. A geometry model of distal clavicle fractures was combined with hook plate, superior single plate and dual plate, respectively, to simulate the implant fixation process. Two loading conditions and two boundary conditions were applied in the finite element models following a mesh convergence test. The stress distribution was observed, and peak von Mises stress and maximum displacement were used as indexes for analysis. The dual plate model showed the highest clavicle stress (13.1MPa), but lowest fixation stress (18.9MPa) compared to the hook plate and superior single model. In regarded to stability, dual plate model exhibited a minimum displacement with only 0.099mm. Dual plate fixation has better biomechanical stability with lower risk of implant failure. Thus, dual plate fixation is an alternative technique for unstable distal clavicle fracture. The complication of peri-implant fracture of dual plate technique should also be cautious in clinical practice, and more clinical evidence is needed.

Characterization and biocontrol potential of Trichoderma longibrachiatum TL-RD-01 against plant pathogens

A study was conducted to isolate efficient biocontrol agent against agriculturally important plant pathogens. Isolated fungus was identified using morphological and molecular characters and evaluated against plant pathogens. Isolated culture was identified as Trichoderma longibrachiatum based on morphological and cultural characteristics. The isolate (TL-RD-01) was able to solubilize the zinc and able to produce the indole 3 acetic acid of about 32.01 μg/ml. To optimize the growth media different carbon and nitrogen sources were studied. Maltose, Corn flour, Peptone and Yeast Extract used media attained maximum growth of T. longibrachiatum. The pH (5 to 6) and temperature (25 °C to 30 °C) was optimized for the growth of T. longibrachiatum TL-RD-01. Molecular identification based on internal transcribed spacer 1 and 2 region (ITS1 and ITS2) sequence analysis have been further confirmed as T. longibrachiatum. The phylogenetic analysis of above ITS gene sequences were carried out. T. longibrachiatum isolate was clearly separated with ITS sequence’s analysis with other species of Trichoderma. Mycoparasitic effect of T. longibrachiatum was carried out by dual plate technique against agriculturally important plant pathogens viz., Macrophomina phaseolina, Phytopthora infestans, Collectrotrichum gleosporides (Mango) and Colletotrichum falcatum. Pathogen inhibition effect of T. longibrachiatum isolate was in between 50% to 81.94%. As per the investigation, Trichoderma longibrachiatum (TL-RD-01) could be deployed as a biocontrol agent and a biostimulant.

Modified pin and plate fixation for low intercondylar fractures of the humerus: biomechanical study corroborated with a case series.

Establishing fracture union of low and comminuted intercondylar fractures of the humerus is inherently challenging. The purposes of the present study were to investigate the biomechanical effectiveness of pin & plate (PP) fixation compared to other dual-plating techniques by finite element analysis, and to present a technical description as well as retrospectively review the outcomes of PP fixation in such difficult fractures. Low-level intercondylar fracture 3D models of the humerus were virtually stabilized with three fixations on lateral side including PP, lateral pre-contoured locking compression plate (L-LCP), and variable angle lateral pre-contoured locking plate (VA-L-LCP) whereas medial pre-contoured locking compression plate (M-LCP) on medial side. Loading conditions under consideration were axial compression, internal rotation, posterior bending, and valgus rotation. Regarding the clinical series, eight patients with intra-articular and comminuted fractures of the distal humerus (6 intercondylar fractures, 1 fracture-subluxation, and 1 isolated lateral condylar fracture) were operated by isolated PP fixation or combinations of PP and the other standard implants. Data were collected on fracture union, perioperative complications, and objective clinical outcomes. Biomechanical results revealed the most instability of the fracture occurring under posterior bending. PP fixation presented comparable fracture stability and fragment displacement compared to other dual-plating fixations, except stress on the Kirschner wire under internal rotation which was higher than other fixations. Regarding the clinical series, fracture union was achieved in all cases with an average union time of 17weeks (range 12-20). All except one patient had good-to-excellent MEPS results with an average Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score of 14.6 (range 0-45) and an average arc of elbow motion of 107.5 degrees (range 60-140). By the biomechanical performance, PP fixation is a reliable technique for fixation of low intercondylar fractures of the humerus. Supported by the clinical outcomes, the present technique could be an alternative for this particular fracture especially when severe comminution prevents the use of the standard dual plating technique.

Stable internal fixation with dual plate technique for osteoporotic distal femur fractures

BackgroundOsteoporotic distal femur fractures are difficult in terms of fracture treatment and recovery. We hypothesized that the minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) with dual plate technique increased fixation stability and encouraged early mobilization and return to pre-fracture activity. Material and methodsBetween 2016 and 2019, 22 patients were treated with the dual plate technique for osteoporotic distal femur fractures. To evaluate the clinical outcome, the modified Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) score, Tegner activity score, knee range of motion (ROM), time to pain free full weight bearing from operation and patient satisfaction score were used. To evaluate the radiological outcome, the time to radiological union and varus or valgus angulation were measured. ResultsThe mean modified WOMAC score was 37.0 ± 6.5 (range, 26–42). There was no significant difference between preoperative and postoperative Tegner activity score (p = 0.436). Among 22 patients, 16 patients (72.7%) achieved preoperative activity level. The mean knee ROM was 106.1° ± 16.8° (range, 80–135). The time to pain free weight bearing was 7.4 ± 1.5 (range, 5–10) weeks. In patient satisfaction, 20 patients (90.9%) were very satisfied or somewhat satisfied. Bone union was achieved in all patients at 16.4 ± 4.3 (range, 13–22) weeks. The final follow-up valgus angle was 3.6° ± 4.0° (range, −2.5° - 10.9). ConclusionMIPO with the dual plate technique can provide rigid fixation for osteoporotic distal femur fractures. This stable and rigid fixation may allow early mobilization and return to pre-fracture activity.

RADIOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME OF DUAL PLATING IN DISTAL FEMUR MULTIFRAGMENTARY ARTICULAR FRACTURES: A SHORT TERM STUDY

Introduction: In this prospective cases series, we are reporting a mean 12-month follow up of the utilisation of dual plating technique for multi fragmentary articular distal femur fractures. Our technique consists of a lateral distal femoral locked plate and a low prole locked medial plate through a modied anterior (Swashbuckler) approach for the xation of C2, C3 fractures. Patients and Methods: 15 patients (9 males and 6 females) presented with supra condylar femoral fractures type C2/C3, according to Müller long bone classication and its revision, OA/OTA classication. These fractures were treated using dual plating through swashbuckler approach. They were followed up for clinical and radiological outcomes. Secondary outcomes included post-operative complications. Results: Mean time of radiological union in studied population was 18 weeks with a range of 14-24 weeks. We did not observe any post-operative varus angulation.12 out of 14 patients had good to excellent functional outcome. Fair outcome was reported in only two patients Conclusion: The technique of Dual plating xation using modied anterior approach (swashbuckler) for type C2,C3 distal femoral fractures is an efcient method of management. It has several advantages such as precise exposure, easy manipulation, anatomical reduction and stable xation. However, operative indications and principles should be strictly followed. The surgical technique must be perfect and the biomechanical qualities of the implants must be understood to prevent the development of major complications

Radiological and Functional Outcome of Dual Plating in Distal Femur Multifragmentary Articular Fractures

Introduction: In this prospective case series, we are reporting a mean 12-month follow up of the utilization of dual plating technique for multi fragmentary articular distal femur fractures. Our technique consists of a lateral distal femoral locked plate and a low profile locked medial plate through a modified anterior (Swashbuckler) approach for the fixation of C2, C3 fractures. Materials and Methods: Fifteen patients (9 males and 6 females) presented with supracondylar femoral fractures type C2/C3, according to Müller long bone classification and its revision, OA/orthopedic trauma association classification. These fractures were treated using dual plating through the swashbuckler approach. They were followed up for clinical and radiological outcomes. Secondary outcomes included postoperative complications. Results: The mean time of radiological union in the studied population was 18 weeks with a range of 14–24 weeks. We did not observe any postoperative varus angulation. 12 out of 14 patients had good to excellent functional outcomes. Fair outcome was reported in only two patients. Conclusion: The technique of Dual plating fixation using modified anterior approach (swashbuckler) for type C2, C3 distal femoral fractures is an efficient method of management. It has several advantages such as precise exposure, easy manipulation, anatomical reduction, and stable fixation. However, surgical indications and principles should be strictly followed. The surgical technique must be perfect, and the biomechanical qualities of the implants must be understood to prevent the development of major complications.

Functional Outcome of Intercondylar Distal Humerus Fractures Surgically Treated with Open Reduction and Internal Fixation with a Principle Based on Orthogonal Plating Technique

Introduction: Owing to the complex articular structure, paucity of metaphyseal bone and thin soft tissue covering, treatment of intra-articular distal humerus fractures still pose challenge to surgeons. Although it comprises 2% of all fractures the massive complication rate to the treatment is worrisome. This study aims to evaluate the outcome of surgical treatment of these fractures by open reduction and internal fixation by dual orthogonal plates.&#x0D; Objectives: The objective of the study is to evaluate the functional outcome of intercondylar humerus fractures managed with open reduction and internal fixation with orthogonal dual plating technique.&#x0D; Methodology: Eighteen patients (19 – 68 years old) with AO/OTA type 13C fractures were evaluated after surgery for one year with MEPS and range of motion. Complications were categorized as major or minor complications. Functional comparisons were made between simple articular type C1/C2 and complex articular type C3 fractures at one year.&#x0D; Result: There were 2 (11.11%) type C1 fracture and 8 (44.44%) each in type C2 and C3 fractures. Eight (44.44%) patients obtained excellent, 7 (38.89%) obtained good and 3 (16.7%) obtained fair results. There was no poor outcome. Average MEPS score was 83.33 and there was no significant between the subgroups (p = 0.07). The average flexion was 118.06° and it was significantly impaired in type C3 fractures (p = 0.03). Three patients obtained full extension, and remaining patients had mean extension deficit of 12°. Average arch of motion was 108.06° with significant difference between two subgroups (p = 0.008). The mean arc of motion for supination-pronation was 154.44°. There was 5 minor and 2 major complications (total - 38.9%).&#x0D; Conclusion: The surgical management with open reduction and internal fixation by dual plates in orthogonal configuration for the intercondylar distal humeral AO type C fractures has good or excellent functional outcome in majority of the patients.

Intra-articular Distal Humerus Fractures: Parallel Versus Orthogonal Plating.

Background: Dual-plating osteosynthesis is the standard treatment for Orthopedic Trauma Association (OTA)-type 13-C distal humerus fractures. However, optimal plate position is debated. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate dual-plate positioning following intra-articular distal humerus fracture repair by comparing outcomes between patients plated in parallel and those plated orthogonally following open-reduction, internal-fixation (ORIF) of intra-articular distal humerus fractures. Methods: All OTA-type 13-C intra-articular distal humerus fractures treated operatively at our institution over a 10-year period were reviewed. Clinical outcomes and complications were compared between those plated in parallel and those plated orthogonally. Data were analyzed using independent-samples t-tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, chi-square tests, and Fisher's exact tests. Results: A total of 69 patients met inclusion criteria. Mean follow-up among this cohort was 19.3 months; 45 (64.8%) patients had orthogonal dual plating, and 24 (35.2%) had parallel plating. Groups did not differ with respect to demographics or duration of follow-up. Clinically, there were no significant differences in time to union, elbow arc of motion at any time point, or patient Mayo Elbow Performance Index (MEPI) scores at final follow-up. Furthermore, there were no differences in complications. Conclusion: Parallel and orthogonal plating following ORIF of distal humerus fractures with modern, contoured locking compression plates had similar outcomes in this study. This study represents the largest comparative series in the literature at the time of its writing. Both techniques may be considered when deciding on dual-plating technique for treating intra-articular distal humerus fractures.

Preliminary studies on the in situ prevention of food spoilage fungi using antifungal Lactic acid bacteria

Food loss is a major threat in the world and one-third of the food produced for human consumption are wasted. Many fungal species cause loss of food/raw materials like grains, fruits and vegetables throughout the world. Chemical preservatives and fungicides when used in food have negative impacts on health and the environment. Biopreservatives such as lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are effective, safe, biodegradable and have additional health benefits. The focus of this research is to survey the occurrence of native lactic acid bacteria with antifungal activity in various food sources and to obtain a potential lactic acid bacterial isolate for strategic application to control fungal pathogen in food products. In the present study, the population of lactic acid bacteria were about 104 to 105 cells in all food samples. Sixty isolates of lactic acid bacteria were obtained from samples collected. Of these, 21 exhibited inhibition towards the growth of Fusarium oxysporum and 13 isolates towards A. flavus. Ten of the total isolates exhibited inhibition towards both the test fungi. Based on potential of antifungal activity in the dual plate technique, six isolates were selected and subjected to fungal growth inhibition analysis using microplate. Of these six isolates, the isolate LABT3 showed the highest inhibition percentage (%) against both the target fungi. The isolate was tested for its growth and maximum growth was noted at 48 h and pH at this period was 5.16.

Unusual medial tibial plateau fracture fixation using dual plating

&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; Medial tibial plateau fractures is a subtype of proximal tibial fractures that involve the articular surface and can present in several distinct patterns. Purpose of this study was to assess the clinical outcome of stabilizing these biplanar medial tibial plateau fractures using dual plating technique through a single incision.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Between 2017 to 2019, 12 men and 8 women with closed medial tibial plateau fracture who underwent reconstruction using two plates through a posteromedial approach were included in the study group. The fractures were classified using the three column concept of Lou.&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; One patient had an articular step off that was unacceptable and two patients had an acceptable articular step off. Functional assessment was done using the objective scoring of Oxford knee score criteria and radiological assessment was done using the Rasmussen modified score.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/strong&gt; Biplanar reconstruction using dual plates is a reliable and safe technique to reconstruct complex medial tibial plateau fractures.&lt;/p&gt;

Low-Profile Dual Small Plate Fixation Is Biomechanically Similar to Larger Superior or Anteroinferior Single Plate Fixation of Midshaft Clavicle Fractures

Background: Limited biomechanical data exist for dual small plate fixation of midshaft clavicle fractures, and no prior study has concurrently compared dual small plating to larger superior or anteroinferior single plate and screw constructs. Purpose: To biomechanically compare dual small orthogonal plating, superior plating, and anteroinferior plating of midshaft clavicle fractures by use of a cadaveric model. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: The study used 18 cadaveric clavicle specimens (9 pairs total), and 3 plating techniques were studied: anteroinferior, superior, and dual. The dual plating technique used smaller diameter plates and screws (1.6-mm thickness) than the other, single plate techniques (3.3-mm thickness). Each of the 9 clavicle pairs was randomly assigned a combination of 2 plating techniques, and randomization was used to determine which techniques were used for the right and left specimens. Clavicles were plated and then osteotomized to create an inferior butterfly fracture model, which was then fixed with a single interfragmentary screw. Clavicle specimens were then potted for mechanical testing. Initial bending, axial, and torsional stiffness of each construct was determined through use of a randomized nondestructive cyclic testing protocol followed by load to failure. Results: No significant differences were found in cyclical axial (P = .667) or torsional (P = .526) stiffness between plating groups. Anteroinferior plating demonstrated significantly higher cyclical bending stiffness than superior plating (P = .005). No significant difference was found in bending stiffness between dual plating and either anteroinferior (P = .129) or superior plating (P = .067). No significant difference was noted in load to failure among plating methods (P = .353). Conclusion: Dual plating with a smaller plate-screw construct is biomechanically similar to superior and anteroinferior single plate fixation that uses larger plate-screw constructs. No significant differences were found between dual plating and either superior or anteroinferior single plating in axial, bending, or torsional stiffness or in bending load to failure. Dual small plating is a viable option for fixing midshaft clavicle fractures and may be a useful low-profile technique that avoids a larger and more prominent plate-screw construct. Clinical Relevance: Plate prominence and hardware irritation are commonly reported complaints and reasons for revision surgery after plate fixation of midshaft clavicle fractures. Dual small plate fixation has been used to improve cosmetic acceptability, minimize hardware irritation, and decrease reoperation rate. Biomechanically, dual small plate fixation performed similarly to larger single plate fixation in this cadaveric model of butterfly fracture.

Crescent Technique with Dual C-Shaped Reconstruction Plates for Posterior Acetabular Wall Fractures

Background: Here we have defined a novel technique for repairing posterior acetabular wall fractures called the “crescent technique,” in which dual C-shaped reconstruction plates overlap at the distal ends and, if necessary, at the proximal ends. We also analyzed the efficacy and reliability of this method. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of 27 patients undergoing the crescent technique. All of the fractures were treated by the senior author for a mean of 7.9 days (0–15 days) after the trauma. The mean follow-up period was 19 months (13–29 months). The clinical results were evaluated using the modified clinical grading system developed by Merle d’Aubigne and Postel, and then modified by Matta. The radiographs were graded according to the criteria described by Matta. Results: In the clinical grading, 16 (59%) of the patients were excellent and very good, 5 (19%) were good, 3 (11%) were moderate, and 3 (11%) were poor. According to the Matta radiological evaluation criteria, 19 (70%) were excellent, 4 (15%) were good, 4 (15%) were fair, and none were poor. Statistically significant consistency was seen between the clinical and radiological results (p = 0.002). Conclusions: The crescent technique is a dual plate technique modification that can provide a stable fixation. It appears to be an effective and reliable method for treating posterior wall fractures of the acetabulum.

Potential of marine chitinolytic Bacillus isolates as biocontrol agents of phytopathogenic fungi

Phytopathogenic fungi pose a serious problem around the world in the economically important plants. Chemical fungicides are widely used in current agriculture. However, excessive use of chemical fungicides has led to the deterioration of human health, environmental pollution, and development of pathogenic resistance to fungicides. A serious search is required to identify alternative methods for crop protection, which is less dependent on chemicals and more environmentally friendly. Microbial antagonists widely used for biocontrol of plant fungal disease. The success of biocontrol depends on the nature of antagonistic properties and mechanisms of action of the biocontrol agent against the phytopathogenic fungi. In the present study, 83 Bacillus isolates isolated from marine samples were screened on the colloidal chitin agar medium. Based on the chitinolytic activity and percentage inhibition against fungal phytopathogens by dual plate technique, isolate B26 is most potent as biocontrol agents. The Bacillus B26 inhibited the growth of Fusarium solani TISTR 3436 and Penicillium chrysogenum with percentage inhibition 69% and 46.6% respectively, while did not inhibit the growth of Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus. Bacillus isolate B26 showed a positive result for the urease production, catalase test, starch hydrolysis, casein hydrolysis with most suitable growth condition at 37°C, pH 7-8, and could grow at 0-5% NaCl concentration.

Treatment of Recalcitrant Medial Clavicle Non-union with Novel Dual Plating Technique

Treatment of Recalcitrant Medial Clavicle Non-union with Novel Dual Plating Technique

Biosynthetic potential of endophytic Pseudomonas fluorescens against cotton wilt pathogen

The present study was carried out to identify the endophytic Pseudomonas fluorescens with a superior mode of action and antibiotic production against cotton wilt pathogen. The activity and the efficacy of the endophytes were evaluated by spectrophotometric analysis with standards and dual plate technique, respectively. The antibiotics viz., phenazine and 2, 4 diacetylpholoroglucinol were isolated from endophytic Pseudomonas fluorescens. The isolate CCLEPf from the leaf of cotton plants demonstrated enhanced antibiotic production as the leaf endophytes recorded higher siderophore production (136.26 μg mL−1), production of volatile compounds that caused 65.44% reduction in mycelia growth of virulent isolate and production of hydrogen cyanide (OD value 0.685)