Dual-interactive Model Research Articles

Think More Ambiguity Less: A Novel Dual Interactive Model with Local and Global Semantics for Chinese Named Entity Recognition

Chinese is a representative East Asian language. Chinese Named Entity Recognition (CNER) aims to recognize various entities. It is significant for other NLP tasks to utilize CNER. Recent research to develop CNER systems has been dedicated to either considering word enhancement or capturing global information to strengthen local composition and alleviate word ambiguity in the meanings of words. However, information on words acquired from external lexicons is often confused, and this has led to incorrect judgments regarding the boundaries of words. Moreover, relevant studies typically use excessively complex models to capture the global semantics of sentences. To solve these two problems, we incorporate a global representation into the procedure of local word enhancement. We propose an intuitive and effective dual-module interactive network that can enhance the boundaries of words and extract the global semantics by using a rethinking mechanism to refine the importance of local composition and global information. The results of experiments on four CNER datasets showed that the proposed model can outperform other baselines in terms of the F1 score.

Phosphonium-defoliated GO nanosheets as micropore booster of carbon membrane to improve separation of tetracycline from isopropanol

This study developed a supported carbon membrane (CM) to conduct organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN). The OSN performance was tuned up by dispersing phosphonium-defoliated graphene oxide (PGO) as filler (0.3 wt%) in the precursor (bitumen) coating. PGO was synthesized through anchoring phosphonium (Ph3PBu+) ions to the oxygenated groups dangled on individual GO sheets that take up 49 wt% of PGO. As PGO experiences elimination of the pendant organic functional groups to form a graphene-like sheet through the course of pyrolysis and carbonization that converts the precursor coating to CM, the graphene-like sheets thus act to induce in-situ face-to-face stacking of the planar polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) generated from the pyrolysis of bitumen in nanoscale. PGO achieved a superior efficacy of induction than GO because of the defoliating role of phosphonium ion that assures a higher dispersity of graphene-like sheets in the precursor coating. This mechanism in the end casts a higher pore volume in membrane CMPGO than in CMGO (600 vs. 334 μl/g) primarily associating with the micro and meso pores inside the carbonaceous grains (~15–20 nm) that constitute the membrane. These tiny pores connect with the grain boundaries (3–5 nm) to form a porous network in the membrane. Moreover, the resultant membrane operates through a dual interaction model of adsorption and size screening. Membrane CMPGO manifests 99.2~94.2% retention of tetracycline (TC) from the permeate (isopropanol) with an average permeance of 32 L/m2·h·bar over 30 h, whereas the control, CMGO, shows progressive declining from 82% to 30% in 10 h. CMPGO was also evaluated by using the oppositely-charged dyes of different sizes to examine the effect of solute identity on percolation.

Early life adversity and health inequality: a dual interaction model

This article examines the impact of early life adversity on health inequality from a life course perspective. We develop a dual interaction model that considers how both the frequency as well as the duration of early life adversity might shape an individual's health. Analyzing data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS, 2011-2014), we show that not only does early life adversity have a direct effect on an individual's health, but throughout the life course it also produces cumulative disadvantages through worsening the individual's life conditions such as less education, lower social-economic status, and less job security. The combination of the frequency of adversity experience and the length of exposure creates an exponential effect on poor health, contributing to the persistence of health inequality in contemporary Chinese society.

Modelling adaptation effects in vergence and accommodation after exposure to a simulated Virtual Reality stimulus

SummaryNatural viewing conditions place equal demands on the vergence and accommodation systems. The two responses are co‐ordinated via the interactive components which couple the two systems: accommodative vergence and vergence accommodation. The crosslink components are usually quantified by the AC/A and CA/C ratios. Whether these ratios are stable entities, genetically determined, or modifiable by experience has been the subject of some debate. A ‘Virtual Reality’ stimulus was used to place unequal demands on the vergence and accommodation systems. Pre‐task and post‐task measures of AC/A and CA/C were objectively determined. The changes in the post‐task measures are discussed with reference to a dual interactive model of vergence and accommodation. Model simulations suggest that adaptation of the vergence and accommodative controllers (tonic adaptation) may also play a part by altering the open loop bias. The results therefore support the idea that vergence accommodation and accommodative vergence are capable of adaptation.

Modelling adaptation effects in vergence and accommodation after exposure to a simulated Virtual Reality stimulus

Natural viewing conditions place equal demands on the vergence and accommodation systems. The two responses are co-ordinated via the interactive components which couple the two systems: accommodative vergence and vergence accommodation. The crosslink components are usually quantified by the AC/A and CA/C ratios. Whether these ratios are stable entities, genetically determined, or modifiable by experience has been the subject of some debate. A ‘Virtual Reality’ stimulus was used to place unequal demands on the vergence and accommodation systems. Pre-task and post-task measures of AC/A and CA/C were objectively determined. The changes in the post-task measures are discussed with reference to a dual interactive model of vergence and accommodation. Model simulations suggest that adaptation of the vergence and accommodative controllers (tonic adaptation) may also play a part by altering the open loop bias. The results therefore support the idea that vergence accommodation and accommodative vergence are capable of adaptation.

Dynamic interactions between accommodation and convergence

Frequency-domain equations were derived for the current dual-interaction model of accommodation and convergence control, and its adaptive behavior was related to the system's parameters. Contrary to predictions based on the steady-state performance of the model [18], dynamic analysis showed that the AC/A is sensitive to the method of measurement and a procedure is established for its reliable determination. Additionally, the results provided theoretical support for the empirical finding that low AC/A and CA/C ratios are associated with high accommodative and convergence adaptation, respectively [15]. The derived equations should help future studies relate the physiological behavior of accommodative and convergence to specific model parameters.