Dual Dye Research Articles

Dual dye technique using Fluorescein and Methylene blue for sentinel lymph node mapping in early oral cancer: An alternative technique for LMIC countries with high oral cancer burden

Dual dye technique using Fluorescein and Methylene blue for sentinel lymph node mapping in early oral cancer: An alternative technique for LMIC countries with high oral cancer burden

Effects and mechanisms of dexmedetomidine preconditioning on isoproterenol-induced ventricular arrhythmias

Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is commonly used in clinical practice because of its sedative, analgesic, antisympathetic, hemodynamic stabilization and antianxiety effects. Previous clinical studies have demonstrated that DEX plays a role in both the prevention and treatment of perioperative arrhythmias. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the effects of DEX remain unclear. Furthermore, few studies have examined the effect of DEX on cardiac electrophysiology. ECG recording was performed in vivo and ex vivo on C57 mice. Simultaneous recording of membrane voltage (Vm) and [Ca2+]i changes was achieved with dual-dye optical mapping, in which voltage- and Ca2+-sensitive dyes are employed. Simultaneous programmed electrical stimulation was used to pacing and induce arrhythmias. Simulating catecholamine-induced arrhythmias with isoprotereno (ISO) and preconditioning with DEX to investigate the antiarrhythmic effects of DEX. Our findings demonstrated that ISO increased the incidence of ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation in mice during rapid pacing stimulation. DEX preconditioning reduced the incidence of ISO-induced ventricular arrhythmias. Optical mapping with simultaneous recordings of dual dyes (Vm dye and intracellular Ca2+ dye) revealed that DEX pretreatment attenuated the ISO-induced shortening of action potential duration (APD), calcium transient duration (CaTD), and time-to-peak (TTP) of calcium transients, as well as the ISO-induced increase in repolarization heterogeneity. DEX also slowed the conduction velocity. More importantly, DEX preconditioning significantly reduced the calcium transient alternans ratio at 80-ms, 70-ms, and 60-ms pacing cycles. These findings suggest that DEX preconditioning can reduce the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias induced by acute stress simulated by ISO. Prolongation of action potential duration and calcium transient duration and the maintenance of intracellular calcium homeostasis may be the electrophysiological mechanisms involved.

Electropsun non-woven luminescent two-dye pH sensors: Effect of morphology on the sensing performance

Electrospun (ES) non-woven matrices are regarded as promising platforms for the development of miniaturized sensing systems with improved detection capacity. Their high specific surface area and void-to-volume ratio are expected to promote higher and faster interaction of the sensing molecular probes with the target stimuli increasing sensor sensitivity and response time. However, the poor light transparency of ES non-woven mats appears as the main limiting effect regarding their use as optical sensor platforms being important to determine to what extent it affects the sensor prediction accuracy. This work addresses this question providing a comparative analysis of the performance of flat cast and ES non-woven cellulose acetate luminescent platforms loaded with a pH sensitive dye-pair, i.e. fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and rhodamine 6 G (R6G). This study follows a comprehensive approach aiming at clarifying the effect of the platform morphology on the sensitivity of their spectral properties to pH and to understand about the advantages of using dual dye systems for pH detection. The presence of R6G improved remarkably the sensitivity of these ES matrices extending the analytical capacity of the probes to the alkaline range. The emission of ES matrices showed stronger sensitivity to pH. However, pH prediction accuracy was found to depend crucially on a synergistic effect from the platform morphology and the signal analysis methodology. ES non-woven matrices allows for accurate pH prediction, characterized by determination errors < 10 % for pH < 10, by exponential analysis of the dye-pair emission at λExc of 450 nm and λEm of 519 nm. Furthermore, it shows a strong reduction of the determination errors, at extremely acidic conditions, resulting in values comparable to that obtained by analysis of the emission signal from flat cast platforms with more complex Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) methodologies.

Astilbin Inhibits the Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis of Gastric Cancer Cells (AGS) by Targeting the Key Inflammatory Markers

Background The predisposition toward gastrointestinal disease is increasing as a result of dietary changes and overindulgence in food preparation. Ninety percent of stomach cancers are adenocarcinomas, a type of cancer of the gastrointestinal tract that is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Purpose Astilbin, a natural dihydroflavonol substance derived from a range of foods and medicinal herbs, has been shown in the current study to have anticancer potential against gastric cancer in AGS cell lines. Materials and Methods The half maximal inhibitory concentration value was determined after astilbin was given to AGS cell lines at various doses. To verify apoptosis, the astilbin-treated cell line was subsequently stained with the dual dye acridine orange/ethidium bromide. AGS cell lines, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) approach was also used to investigate the inflammatory cytokines. Using ELISA, apoptotic marker expression including Bcl-2-associated X-protein, caspase-9 proteins, and B-cell lymphoma 2 was assessed in gastric cancer cells treated with astilbin. Results The study’s findings reveal that astilbin is a prime candidate for gastric cancer therapy since it causes apoptosis in AGS cells and has a stronger effect on the major inflammatory markers of the disease. Conclusion The study provides comprehensive methodologies and tools for predicting absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity properties, facilitating informed decision-making in the development and optimization of astilbin as a gastric cancer therapy.

Sustainable Degradation of Binary Dye Mixtures Using Fe/Co/rGO Nanocomposite: Dual Dye Dynamics, Adsorption and Reusability

Sustainable Degradation of Binary Dye Mixtures Using Fe/Co/rGO Nanocomposite: Dual Dye Dynamics, Adsorption and Reusability

Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer Patients with Positive Nodes Using Low-Cost Dual Dye Technique: Identifying Factors Associated with Adequate False Negative Rate Threshold

Background: In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of the sentinel lymph node (SLN) identification rate (SLN-IR) of fluorescein-guided sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in combination with methylene blue dye (MBD) and factors which can lead to a false negative rate (FNR) threshold of 10%. Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional non-randomized validation study in patients with post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) clinically node negative axilla who were node positive prior to start of NACT. Patients underwent validation of SLNB using fluorescein (and blue LED light) and MBD. Axillary dissection was performed irrespective of SLNB histology. SLIN-IR and FNR were assessed and compared with various molecular subtypes. Results: The SLNs were identified in 102 out of 120 (85%) post-NACT patients. The median number of sentinel lymph nodes identified was 2 (range 1–3). The SLN-IR using MBD was 85%, FD was 82.5%, and combined MBD FD was 85%. Two or more SLNs were removed in 72 patients and 11 patients had tumor in the rest of the axilla, resulting in an FNR of 17.4%. An FNR was 25% in case only one SLN was found, and it was 11.42% if two or more than two SLNs were excised. Conclusions: This cohort study found that use of low-cost dual dyes in patients with positive axillary disease, rendered cN0 with NACT, with 2 or more negative SLNs with SLNB alone, results in an FNR of 11.4%. Her 2 positive and TNBC with 2 or more negative SLNs are associated with an FNR of <10%. However, the number of such patients was small and further studies with larger sample size are warranted to confirm these findings.

Evaluating the effectiveness of dual dye combination of indocyanine green and carbon nanoparticles with parathyroid hormone test in preserving parathyroid gland during papillary thyroid cancer surgery: a single-center retrospective cohort study.

Preserving the integrity of parathyroid glands is crucial in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) surgery to avoid hypoparathyroidism. In recent years, two novel dyes, activated carbon nanoparticles (CNP) and indocyanine green (ICG), have been utilized to assist in parathyroid gland identification. However, the use of CNP or ICG alone can result in extravasation of dye or excessive fluorescence of non-parathyroid tissue, which can affect the accuracy of surgical outcomes by yielding false negative or false positive results. Therefore, it is important to further optimize the application of these two dyes in surgery. We analyzed case files of 124 PTC patients who underwent routine total or near-total thyroidectomy with bilateral lymph node dissection in the central region at the Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University from January to November 2022. The patients were randomly divided into three groups based on the type of intraoperative dye used. The CNP group (n = 38) received an intra-thyroidal injection of CNP dye. The ICG group (n = 42) used the ICG near-infrared fluorescence endoscopy system to show parathyroid fluorescence. The group that received a combined approach of ICG and CNP (n = 44) leveraged the advantages of both methods that allow for positive development of ICG and negative development of CNP to identify and preserve the parathyroid gland during operation. The parathyroid hormone detection reagent (PTH test method) was employed to verify the highly suspected parathyroid tissue in all three groups. We analyzed intraoperative data pertaining to intraoperative parathyroid identification, misexcision, number of autotransplantation, and postoperative hypoparathyroidism among the three groups. Compared with the ICG group and the CNP group, the combined group demonstrated more prominent advantages in identifying average the number of lower parathyroid glands (1.93 ± 0.26, p = 0.015), reducing the average numberrate of misexcision (0.45 ± 0.5, p = 0.004), and reducing the incidence of postoperative temporary hypothyroidism (3/44, p = 0.015). The combined use of ICG and CNP dual-dye with PTH test method appears to be more effective in both identifying and protecting parathyroid glands during PTC surgery.

Evaluation of Dual Dye Technique for Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Breast Cancer: Two-Arm Open-Label Parallel Design Non-Inferiority Randomized Controlled Trial.

Radioisotope and blue dye are standard agents for performing sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy in breast cancer. The paucity of nuclear medicine facility poses logistic challenge. This study evaluated performance of radioisotope & methylene blue (MB) with indocyanine green (ICG) and MB for SLNB. This randomized controlled trial was conducted from December 2019 to July 2022 comparing SLN identification proportions of radioisotope-blue dye [Group A] with dual dye (MB + ICG; Group B]. Secondary objective included time required and cost effectiveness of performing SLNB. Sample size of 70 (35 in each arm) was calculated. Upfront operable node negative early breast cancer was included in the study. Clinico-demographic data, number & type of SLN, time taken were noted. Cost analysis was done including the equipment, manpower & consumables. Chi-square/Fisher exact test was used to compare proportion between two groups. p value of less than 0.05 was considered to represent statistical significance. Seventy patients randomized to either group were similar in clinico-demographic and tumor characteristics. SLN identification rate (IR) was 91.43% in group A and 100% in group B. Overall IR of MB, radioisotope and ICG were 91.43%, 91.43% and 100%, respectively. Mean number of SLNs identified were 3 in group A and 4 in group B. Median time required for SLNB was 12min and 14min in either group, respectively. Cost of performing SLNB was higher in Group B. SLNB using dual dye is non-inferior to radioisotope-blue dye in upfront operable early breast cancer. Trial registration number Clinical Trial registry India CTRI/2020/02/023503.

Validation SLNB study in post NACT axilla using low-cost dual dyes: Solution for low resource centre

Validation SLNB study in post NACT axilla using low-cost dual dyes: Solution for low resource centre

Design of novel M(MnNi)V2O6 NPs via combution synthesis for photocatalytic performance on dual dye and dopamine biosensing

Herein M(MnNi)V2O6 have been synthesized by a simple and eco-friendly combustion method using dry butterfly pea flowers. The structural, optical, and morphological properties of the Nanoparticles (NPs) were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM with EDAX, TEM UV–visible spectroscopy, PL, BET, and. The average crystallite size of M(MnNi)V2O6 from the XRD pattern was found to be 44 nm with single phase. The functional groups present and metal to oxygen bonding of M(MnNi)V2O6 observed in FTIR. SEM shows aggloramated structure for all the ratios of M(MnNi)V2O6 and edax confirm the presence of all the elements, TEM micrograph of M(MnNi)V2O6 shows indicated the hexagonal, pentagonal, and spherical particle. The UV-DRS shows the energy band gap of 2.18 eV, 1.86 eV, 2.04 eV respectively for the for various fuel ratios (1:0.5,1:1,1:1.5) of prepared sample and luminescence spectrum shows blue emission having an emission of 297 and 300 nm. From the BET surface area analysis, total pore volume (VP) and mean pore diameter (rp) was absorbed to be 1.105 m2g-1, 0.004 cm3g-1 and 1.29 nm. The characterized NPs were applied for photocatalytic dye degradation and electrochemical activity. In dye degradation, impact of catalyst load (10–40 mg), pH of the solution (2−12), concentration of dye (5–15 ppm) under visible light at room temperature was investigated on both cationic dye methylene blue (MB) and anionic dye Rose Bengal (RB). These NPs were successfully applied for the detection of dopamine (DA) at micro molar concentration level and it shows an excellent sensing performance.

59 (PB-059) Poster - Validation Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Study in post NACT cN0 Axilla using low-cost dual dye technique: Potential Solution for Resource Poor Settings

Background: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) using radio-pharmaceutical and a blue dye is gold standard for axillary staging in clinically node-negative early breast cancer and increasingly being used for post NACT cN0 axilla as well. High costs and limited availability of radio-pharmaceutical and/or gamma probe are major deterrents in performing SLNB in developing countries. In this study, we evaluated feasibility of SLN identification (SLN-IR) of fluorescein-guided (FG) SLNB in combination with methylene blue dye (MBD). Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional non-randomized validation study in patients with post NACT clinically node negative axilla. Patients underwent validation SLNB using fluorescein (and blue LED light) and MBD. Axillary dissection was performed irrespective of SLNB histology. SLIN-IR and False Negative Rate (FNR) were assessed. Results: The SLNs were identified in 51 out of 56 (91%) post Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (NACT) patients. The median number of sentinel lymph nodes identified 1 (range 1–3) in post NACT patients. The SLN-IR using MBD was 91%, FD was 85%, and combined MBD FD was 89%. The false negative rate (FNR) was 7.8% (MBD), 8.3% (FD) and 7.8% (MBD+FD) Conclusions: This prospective validation study showed adequate SLN-IR and FNR using low cost dual dyes in post NACT cN0 patients and can be used in low resource settings. No conflict of interest.

New dual dye for vitreoretinal surgery with increased transparency

ObjectivesTo develop a new dye formulation for vitreoretinal surgery, which shows increased transparency for better intraoperative handling with better parameters important for use.Methods and analysisA new blue dye, DDG, was...

Diagnostic performance and survival outcome following sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer patients from a tertiary cancer centre in India.

BackgroundSentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has replaced axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) for axillary staging in early node-negative breast cancer (BC) patients in developed countries. However, in resource-constrained developing countries, adoption of SLNB is slow due to logistic issues and lack of outcome data from non-screened BC cohort. Therefore, we aim to report diagnostic performance, surgical morbidity and survival outcome of SLNB in BC patients from a tertiary care cancer centre in India.Methodology1,521 consecutive early node-negative T1-3N0 BC patients having SLNB from 2011 to 2020 were included in the study. Data were retrieved from the institutional Redcap database and electronic medical records. Analysis was done using Stata14.ResultsSLNB was done by dual dye (methylene blue (MB) + radioisotope (RI)/indo cyanine green (ICG)) in 57.7%, MB only in 39.3%, and RI alone in 3% of patients. The identification rate (IR) and SLNB positivity rate were 96% and 27.7%, respectively. IR was highest (98%) with MB + ICG and lowest (94%) with MB alone SLNB. UltraSonoGraphy guided fine needle aspiration cytology of radiological suspicious nodes has significantly reduced the SLNB positivity rate from 34.6% to 26.4% (p < 0.01). One patient had skin necrosis, and 16 had persistent blue staining of the skin in the MB injection site. All were managed conservatively. The lymphedema rate was significantly higher (5.2%) in the ALND versus 0.5% in the SLNB alone patients (p < 0.05). In a median follow up of 27 months, the axillary recurrence rate was 0.04% (4/1,023), and false-negative rate was 0.9% in SLNB negative patients. There were 35 recurrences and 25 deaths in SLNB negative patients, with 10 years predicted disease-free survival of 81% (95% CI 66% to 89%) and overall survival of 79% (95% CI 59% to 90%).ConclusionsSLNB should be offered as an axillary staging procedure to all eligible BC patients from developing countries to avoid the morbidity associated with ALND. Fluorescent dye can be used as an alternative for RI in a resource-constrained setup.

Ageing Increases Cardiac Electrical Remodelling in Rats and Mice via NOX4/ROS/CaMKII-Mediated Calcium Signalling.

Objective Ageing is one of the risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases including cardiac arrhythmias and heart failure. Ageing-related cardiac dysfunction involves a complicated pathophysiological progress. Abnormal membrane voltage and Ca2+ dynamics in aged cardiomyocytes contribute to ageing-related arrhythmias. However, its underlying mechanisms have not been well clarified. Methods Young and old rats or mice were included in this study. Cardiac electrophysiological properties and functions were assessed by ECG, echocardiography, and ex vivo heart voltage and Ca2+ optical mapping. Proteomics, phosphor-proteomics, Western blotting, Masson staining, and ROS measurement were used to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Results Ageing increased the incidence of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in rats. Moreover, ageing increased the occurrence of ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation induced by rapid pacing and during isoprenaline (ISO) (1 mg/kg i.p.) challenge in mice in vivo. Optical mapping with dual dyes (membrane voltage (Vm) dye and intracellular Ca2+ dye) simultaneously recording revealed that ageing increased the action potential duration (APD) and Ca2+ transient duration (CaTD) and slowed the ventricular conduction with the Langendorff-perfused mouse heart. More importantly, ageing increased the ISO-induced (1 μM) changes of APD (ΔAPD80) and CaTD (ΔCaTD50). Ageing also delayed the decay of Ca2+ transient by extending the decay time constant from 30% to 90% (τ30−90). In addition, ageing decreased the Vm/Ca2+ latency which represented the coupling of Vm/Ca2+ including between the midpoint of AP depolarization and Ca2+ upstroke, peak transmembrane voltage and peak cytosolic calcium, and time to 50% voltage repolarization and extrusion of cytosolic calcium. Optical mapping also revealed that ageing increased the ISO-induced arrhythmia incidence and occurrence of the excitation rotor. Proteomics and phosphor-proteomics assays from rat hearts demonstrated ageing-induced protein and phosphor-protein changes, suggesting that CaMKII was involved in ageing-induced change. Ageing increased the level of ROS and the expression of NOX4, oxidative CaMKII (ox-CaMKII), phosphorated CaMKII (p-CaMKII), and periostin. Conclusion Ageing accelerates cardiac remodelling and increases the susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias through NOX4/ROS/CaMKII pathway-mediated abnormal membrane voltage and intracellular Ca2+ handling and Vm/Ca2+ coupling.

Validation sentinel lymph node biopsy study in cN0 axilla using low-cost dual dye technique: potential solution for resource poor settings.

Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) using radio-pharmaceutical and a blue dye is gold standard for axillary staging in clinically node-negative breast cancer. High costs and limited availability of radio-pharmaceutical and/or gamma probe are major deterrents in performing SLNB in developing countries. In this study, we evaluated feasibility of SLN identification (SLN-IR) of fluorescein-guided (FG) SLNB in combination with methylene blue dye (MBD). This was a prospective cross-sectional non-randomized validation study in patients with clinically node-negative axilla. Patients underwent validation SLNB using fluorescein (and blue LED light) and MBD. Axillary dissection was performed irrespective of SLNB histology. SLIN-IR and False Negative Rate (FNR) were assessed for both groups. The SLNs were identified in 29 (96.6%) pre-chemotherapy patients and 23 (82%) post Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (NACT) patients. The median number of sentinel lymph nodes identified was 3 (range of 1-5) in pre-chemotherapy patients and 1 (range of 1-3) in post NACT patients. The SLN-IR using MBD was 90%, FD was 86.7% and combined MBD FD was 96.7% in pre-chemotherapy patients. The SLN-IR using MBD was 82%, FD was 71% and combined MBD FD was 82% in in post NACT patients. The false negative rate (FNR) in pre-chemotherapy group was 8.0% (MBD), 8.3% (FD) and 7.4% (MBD + FD). The FNR in post NACT group was 8.7% (MBD), 10% (FD) and 8.7% (MBD + FD). This prospective validation study showed adequate SLN-IR and FNR using low-cost dual dyes in early breast cancer patients and can be used in low resource settings. However, SLNB in post NACT axilla though viable along with a satisfactory FNR, is associated with low identification rate and needs further evaluation.

Stealth doxorubicin conjugated bimetallic selenium/silver nanoparticles for targeted cervical cancer therapy

Bimetallic nanosized delivery systems are attracting a lot of research interest as alternatives to monometallic delivery systems. This study evaluated the ability of bimetallic selenium silver chitosan pegylated folic acid targeted nanoparticles (SeAgChPEGFA NPs) to deliver doxorubicin (DOX) in cervical cancer cells. Comparison studies using monometallic selenium chitosan pegylated folic acid (SeChPEGFA NPs) targeted NPs and free DOX were also conducted. The prepared NPs and their drug nanocomplexes were characterised morphologically and physico-chemically. Drug binding and releasing studies were conducted under a simulated environment in vitro. The cytotoxicity and apoptosis studies were studied using the 3-[(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)−2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay and the dual dye staining. The findings revealed that the bimetallic SeAgChPEGFA NPs displayed better colloidal stability, superior physico-chemical qualities, and higher binding abilities in comparison with monometallic SeChPEGFA NPs. In addition, the SeAgChPEGFA NPs showed the pH-triggered controlled drug release and cell-specific cytotoxicity. These findings suggest that the bimetallic NPs are superior delivery systems when compared to their monometallic NPs and free drug counterparts, thus, setting a platform for further in vivo examination.

A Pilot Study Evaluating Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Using Dual Dye Technique with ICG and Methylene Blue for Early Breast Carcinoma (EBC)

A Pilot Study Evaluating Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Using Dual Dye Technique with ICG and Methylene Blue for Early Breast Carcinoma (EBC)

Tandem DSSC fabrication by controlled infiltration of organic dyes in mesoporous electrode using electric-field assisted spray technique

Tandem absorber architectures in DSSCs for extending the light absorption range, using two dyes (N719/Red dye and N749/Black dye) appropriately infiltered in the pores of a mesoporous TiO2 photoanode, have been prepared for the first time by electric-field assisted spray technique (E-Spray). In comparison to the conventionally used dip technique, which takes several hours the E-spray technique developed in this study significantly reduces the loading time to 10–15 min by rapid pore filling of dual dyes. The shorter wavelength (450–550 nm) absorber -N719 dye and longer wavelength (550–800 nm) absorber -N749 dye have been infiltrated sequentially and in right proportion by precise control over E-Spray parameters in order to capture a wider range of the incident solar spectrum. The tandem DSSCs (T-DSSCs) thus fabricated show substantial improvement in photo-current density (Jsc), resulting in ~11% enhancement in photoconversion efficiency (PCE), as compared to a single-dye device. The best performing T-DSSC (N719:N749-75:25) yields the Jsc, Voc and FF of ~16 mA/cm2, ~0.75 V and ~0.69, respectively, resulting in PCE of 7.5%, which is ~40% higher than the PCE of 5.33% for the conventionally fabricated dip-coated DSSC. This study opens up door for tandem device fabrication using E-spray technique which is suitable for large area and roll-to-roll manufracturing aiming for high PCE solar cells.

Dual organic dyes as a pseudo-redox mediation system to promotion of tandem oxidation /[3+2] cycloaddition reactions under visible light

Abstract An atom- and step-economy protocol has been developed to synthesize some new biologically active pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline alkaloids via redox mediation system under visible light irradiation. A vast variety of double and triple bonds, as dipolarophiles, treated with in situ generated azomethine ylides to prepare corresponding products in good to excellent yields. This metal-free method effectively promoted oxidation/[3 + 2] cycloaddition/oxidative/aromatization domino reaction without further oxidant using dual organic dyes as pseudo-redox mediation system. Besides, for most of the products, product precipitate was readily separated from reaction media. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of dual dyes as a pseudo-redox mediation system.

21 godina od uvođenja biopsije limfnog čvora stražara na Institutu za onkologiju Vojvodine

Introduction: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is a standard procedure at the Oncology Institute of Vojvodina since 1999 and during this period we have done more than 1700 biopsies. The aim of this study was to present our results in SLNB in breast cancer surgery. Materials and methods: This retrospective study was performed at the Department for Surgical Oncology at the Vojvodina Institute of Oncology in the period from January 1999 to December 2019. The study included 1762 patients who had undergone SLNB. The mean duration of the follow-up period was 121.89 months. All patients were women with clinically T1-2N0-1M0 breast cancer. Preoperatively, all patients were administered dual contrast media, radiotracer, and blue dye. Results: The majority of tumors were T1c (955 (54.18%). The mean number of extirpated sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) in both groups was 1.84. In 199 (36.72%) patients SLN was the only metastatic lymph node in the axilla. Micro metastases were found in 113 (21.03%) patients. The overall diagnostic accuracy of SLNB was 96%. Conclusion: Axillary SLN can serve as a reliable predictor of negativity of other ipsilateral axillary nodes. Micro metastases in the SLN are not an indication for complete axillary lymph node dissection.