Dual Component Research Articles

Effect of Variable Gravity Field on Dual Component Convection in a Couple Stress Fluid Saturated Anisotropic Porous Layer With Temperature‐Dependent Heat Source

ABSTRACTThis study examines how gravity fluctuations, the couple stress parameter, anisotropic parameters, and heat source collectively influence dual‐component convection in the porous layer. The linear analysis is conducted utilizing the normal mode technique. The authors proposed three categories of gravity fluctuation, namely: (a) linear, (b) parabolic, and (c) exponential. Expressions for both stationary and oscillatory Rayleigh numbers are derived using the Galerkin approach. Neutral stability curves for both stationary and oscillatory modes are analyzed, with graphical representations to show the effects of various stability parameters, including gravity fluctuations, couple stress, anisotropy, and heat source. The results show that the mechanical anisotropy parameter and Vadasz number lead to system destabilization, while the couple stress parameter, Lewis number, gravity parameter, solute Rayleigh number, and thermal anisotropy parameter help to stabilize the system. Furthermore, the system is more stable with exponential gravity fluctuations and less stable with parabolic gravity fluctuations. This finding offers insights into thermal convective instability in porous media, impacting applications in geoscience, engineering, and environmental science.

An Optimized 3DOF-FOPID2-DF Controller with Improved Power Quality for Multi-Level Inverter in Grid-Connected PV Systems

Multi-level Inverters (MLIs) are increasingly employed in grid-connected Photovoltaic (PV) systems to optimize power quality. The use of MLIs offers several benefits over traditional inverters, including improved output waveform quality, reduced Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and increased efficiency. However, the control of MLI is complex, and a precise control system is required to ensure that the system operates at optimal conditions. Therefore, an Adaptive Chaotic Mapping Philippine Eagle Optimization (ACM-PEO) algorithm-based Three degrees of freedom Fractional Order Proportional Integral Derivative with Dual Filter (3DOF-FOPID2-DF) controller is proposed. The dual derivative and dual filter component introduced in the 3DOF-FOPID controller improve the transient response of the system even under sudden load changes. The ACM-PEO algorithm further enhances the system performance of the 3DOF-FOPID2-DF controller by optimizing the parameter gains. The proposed ACM-PEO-based 3DOF-FOPID2-DF control technique is simulated in MATLAB and the simulation results demonstrate that it has improved transient and dynamic response, reduced THD, faster convergence and better tracking of the reference signal. These benefits enhance the efficiency and reliability of the systems.

Mitigation of acrylamide in fried food systems using a combination of zein-pectin hydrocolloid complex and a food-grade l-asparaginase

Acrylamide, a Maillard reaction product, formed in fried food poses a serious concern to food safety due to its neurotoxic and carcinogenic nature. A “Green Approach” using L-Asparaginase enzyme from GRAS-status bacteria synergized with hydrocolloid protective coating could be effective in inhibiting acrylamide formation. To fill this void, the present study reports a new variant of type-II L-asparaginase (AsnLb) from Levilactobacillus brevis NKN55, a food-grade bacterium isolated using a unique metabolite profiling approach. The recombinant AsnLb enzyme was characterized to study acrylamide inhibition ability and showed excellent specificity towards L-asparagine (157.2 U/mg) with Km, Vmax of 0.833 mM, 4.12 mM/min respectively. Pretreatment of potato slices with AsnLb (60 IU/mL) followed by zein-pectin nanocomplex led to >70% reduction of acrylamide formation suggesting synergistic effect of this dual component system. The developed strategy can be employed as a sustainable treatment method by food industries for alleviating acrylamide formation and associated health hazard in fried foods.

Raman spectroscopic deep learning with signal aggregated representations for enhanced cell phenotype and signature identification.

Feature representation is critical for data learning, particularly in learning spectroscopic data. Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models learn Raman spectra for rapid, nondestructive, and label-free cell phenotype identification, which facilitate diagnostic, therapeutic, forensic, and microbiological applications. But these are challenged by high-dimensional, unordered, and low-sample spectroscopic data. Here, we introduced novel 2D image-like dual signal and component aggregated representations by restructuring Raman spectra and principal components, which enables spectroscopic DL for enhanced cell phenotype and signature identification. New ConvNet models DSCARNets significantly outperformed the state-of-the-art (SOTA) ML and DL models on six benchmark datasets, mostly with >2% improvement over the SOTA performance of 85-97% accuracies. DSCARNets also performed well on four additional datasets against SOTA models of extremely high performances (>98%) and two datasets without a published supervised phenotype classification model. Explainable DSCARNets identified Raman signatures consistent with experimental indications.

Ammonium persulfate oxidized nanofibrillated cellulose as a sustainable wet-end paper reinforcement additive

Nanocellulose fibers (NFCs) with specific characteristics were synthesized using the economically attractive ammonium persulfate (APS) mediated oxidation process to evaluate their potential as wet end additives in paper. The surface charge and morphology of as-synthesized NFC were tailored and characterized, and the barrier and strength properties of NFC-reinforced papers were thoroughly examined as a function of NFC contents and characteristics. The addition of two different cationic polyelectrolytes promoted electrostatic bridging between pulp fibers and maintained NFC retention above 93% regardless of the NFC nature. Results demonstrate that the presence of NFC with lower surface charge yields papers with denser fibrous network, reduced air permeability, and higher specific tensile strength. Higher surface charge NFC, on the other hand, increased floc formation and decreased NFC retention likely due to reduced dispersion and NFC agglomeration with the dual component retention system. Significantly, APS-oxidized NFC may be generally applicable as a competitive alternative to expensive and/or environmentally taxing chemicals typically employed in the manufacturing of a variety of papers and boards.

A novel supramolecule combining the pharmacological benefits of berberin and catechin for the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer

Natural small molecule catechins (CC) show significant promise in preventing and treating cervical cancer due to their remarkable anti-HPV, antioxidant, and anti-tumor properties. However, the poor stability, fragile chemical structure, and high hydrophilicity of CC seriously affect the ultimate anti-tumor effect of the drug. In order to overcome these drawbacks of CC, berberine (BBR) assisted CC assembly with the same anti-cervical cancer effect was selected, taking advantage of the easy alkaloid self-assembly properties of polyphenolic compounds. We report a novel dual component (BBR and CC) directed self-assembly mode. The two small molecules were assembled into highly drug-loaded, homogeneous supramolecules (341 nm) by π-π stacking at 60℃, pH 7.4, the reaction time of 1 h, and the molar ratio of BBR to CC of 2:1. The supramolecular self-assembled nanoparticles (NPS) not only exhibit excellent stability, high assembly rate (86.42 %), and sustained release performance, but also have stronger cell binding and uptake capabilities. In addition, the assembled supramolecules (BBR-CC NPS) retain the excellent biological characteristics of BBR and CC. It had good anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. More importantly, this NPS can disrupt mitochondrial membrane potential, increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) release, and induce apoptosis in cancer cells. These results indicated that BBR-CC NPS can serve as a carrier-free drug delivery system that enhances drug stability while exhibiting synergistic pharmacological activity. This provides more possibilities for the application of natural small molecules in cancer treatment and drug delivery. Additionally, it also presents new insights into the integration mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine.

Validation of the dual component teacher buoyancy scale: Incorporating contextual resources to understand teacher buoyancy

This study aimed to revise the Initial Version of the Teacher Buoyancy Scale (TBS) to the Dual Component TBS by incorporating contextual resources. 434 teachers completed Dual Component TBS and Job Stress scale. Factor analyses suggested a 5-factor solution of the Dual Component TBS, separating personal and contextual resources. SEM results revealed the mediating role of teacher buoyancy between personal and contextual resources as predictors, and job stress as outcome, providing some support for its criterion validity. The role of collegial support as a contextual resource in teacher buoyancy and the meaningfulness of teacher buoyancy in understanding stress are discussed. (100 words).

Triad interactions investigated by dual wave component injection

The study of the exchange of momentum and energy between wave components of the turbulent velocity field, the so-called triad interactions, offers a unique way of visualizing and describing turbulence. Most often, this study has been carried out by direct numerical simulations or by power spectral measurements. Due to the complexity of the problem and the great range of velocity scales in high Reynolds number developed turbulence, direct measurements of the interaction between the individual wave components have been rare. In the present work, we present measurements and related computations of triad interactions between controlled wave components injected into an approximately laminar and uniform flow from an open wind tunnel by vortex shedding from two rods suspended into the flow. This results in two-dimensional interactions of three-dimensional turbulence, which makes the analysis of the triadic interactions considerably less complex to analyze than in a fully developed three-dimensional flow. With the information obtained from the computations, we are able to isolate the individual triad interactions contributing to the generated frequency components as the flow develops downstream as well as understanding, mapping out and predicting the strengths of these interactions. The analysis also provides the time constants governing the development of higher order frequency components. We are thus able to see the pattern of frequency combinations, the strengths of the individual mode combinations and the time sequence in which they occur. Any of the higher order combinations is not just the result of a single term in the Navier–Stokes Equation, but a combination of various previous combinations occurring with different strengths and in a varied pattern of generation. The combination of these experiments and computations thus provide unique insight into the inner workings of turbulence and shows how the nonlinear term in the Navier–Stokes equation on average forces the energy towards higher frequencies, which is the reason for the so-called energy cascade.

In vivo KCNQ1-suppression-replacement gene therapy in transgenic LQT1 rabbits restores a physiological QT interval at baseline and under catecholamine infusion

Abstract Background Long-QT syndrome type 1 (LQT1) is a genetic channelopathy characterized by loss-of-function variants in the repolarizing potassium channel KCNQ1/IKs which lead to QT-prolongation and predisposes patients to adverse events such as cardiac arrhythmias. Clincally, during catecholamine infusion or exercise stress test, patients with LQT1 present a paradoxical QT prolongation. Purpose To investigate whether a gene-therapy approach targeting the defective K+-channel, through a KCNQ1 suppression-and-replacement (SupRep) strategy, can restore the healthy phenotype at baseline and under catecholamine infusion in LQT1 transgenic rabbits. Methods Our proprietary dual component suppression-and-replacement (SupRep) gene therapy was created by combining a custom-designed KCNQ1 shRNA and a shRNA-immune (shIMM) KCNQ1 cDNA into AAV9. In vivo KCNQ1-SupRep gene therapy was performed by targeted intra-aortic root injection during balloon occlusion. Two or three weeks post gene therapy, 12-lead ECGs were assessed in adult transgenic LQT1 (KCNQ1-Y315S, loss-of IKs) and wild-type (WT) rabbits to determine the effect of SupRep gene therapy on QT-duration at baseline and under catecholamine infusion (10nM isoproterenol, 5mL/h). Ventricular cardiomyocytes (VCMs) were isolated to investigate the effect of SupRep gene therapy on action potential duration (APD) and calcium transients (Ca2+T) at baseline and under isoproterenol infusion. Results At the cellular level, VCMs isolated from SupRep treated LQT1 rabbits showed a significant shortening of the APD90 as compared to UT-LQT1 (p<0.0001). At the whole animal level, at baseline, the QTi (%) of the UT-LQT1 transgenic rabbits (122±3) was significantly longer compared to the WT rabbits (105±2, p<0.0001). Treatment with AAV9-KCNQ1-SupRep shortened significantly the QTi of the transgenic LQT1 rabbits as compared to the UT-LQT1 rabbits (111±2, p=0.0115). To further investigate the effect of SupRep gene therapy, 12-lead ECGs were obtained in UT-LQT1, sham-treated LQT1, SupRep-treated LQT1, and WT rabbits under ISO infusion. While reaching a 20% increase in heart rate during ISO stimulation, the UT-LQT1 and the sham treated LQT1 rabbits showed a marked QT prolongation, with ΔQTi of 31.4% and 24.5%, respectively, as compared to baseline. In contrast, the SupRep-treated LQT1 rabbit behaved nearly identical to the WT rabbit during ISO infusion, showing a ΔQTi of 16.9% as compared to 16.5% in the WT rabbit. Similarly, in contrast to the UT-LQT1, VCMs isolated from SupRep-treated LQT1 rabbits demonstrated a normalization of the APD and Ca2+T under ISO stimulation, showing a significantly shortened APD90 (p<0.0001) and Ca2+T90 (p=0.0025) which was similar to what was observed in WT VCMs. Conclusion In vivo KCNQ1 suppression-and-replacement gene therapy normalizes the pathologically prolonged APD/QT interval and restores a physiological response to catecholamine infusion in treated LQT1 transgenic rabbits.

MvMRL: a multi-view molecular representation learning method for molecular property prediction.

Effective molecular representation learning is very important for Artificial Intelligence-driven Drug Design because it affects the accuracy and efficiency of molecular property prediction and other molecular modeling relevant tasks. However, previous molecular representation learning studies often suffer from limitations, such as over-reliance on a single molecular representation, failure to fully capture both local and global information in molecular structure, and ineffective integration of multiscale features from different molecular representations. These limitations restrict the complete and accurate representation of molecular structure and properties, ultimately impacting the accuracy of predicting molecular properties. To this end, we propose a novel multi-view molecular representation learning method called MvMRL, which can incorporate feature information from multiple molecular representations and capture both local and global information from different views well, thus improving molecular property prediction. Specifically, MvMRL consists of four parts: a multiscale CNN-SE Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System (SMILES) learning component and a multiscale Graph Neural Network encoder to extract local feature information and global feature information from the SMILES view and the molecular graph view, respectively; a Multi-Layer Perceptron network to capture complex non-linear relationship features from the molecular fingerprint view; and a dual cross-attention component to fuse feature information on the multi-views deeply for predicting molecular properties. We evaluate the performance of MvMRL on 11 benchmark datasets, and experimental results show that MvMRL outperforms state-of-the-art methods, indicating its rationality and effectiveness in molecular property prediction. The source code of MvMRL was released in https://github.com/jedison-github/MvMRL.

In situ monitoring of loading and elution processes of cryoprotectants at the single-cell level with Raman spectroscopy

BackgroundThe analysis of cell membrane permeability plays a crucial role in improving the procedures of cell cryopreservation, which will affect the specific parameter settings in loading, removal and cooling processes. However, existing studies have mostly focused on deriving permeability parameters through osmotic theoretical models and cell volume response analysis, and there is still a lack of the direct experimental evidence and analysis at the single-cell level regarding the migration of cryoprotectants. ResultsIn this work, a side perfusion microfluidics chips combined with Raman spectroscopy system was built to monitor in situ the Raman spectroscopy of extracellular and intracellular solution during loading and elution process with different cryoprotectant solution systems (single and dual component). And it was found that loading a high concentration cryoprotectant solution system through a single elution cycle may result in significant residual protective agent, which can be mitigated by employing a multi-component formula but multiple elution operations are still necessary. Furthermore, the collected spectral signals were marked and analyzed to was perform preliminary relative quantitative analysis. The results showed that the intracellular concentration changes can be accurately quantified by the Raman spectrum and are closely related to the extracellular solution concentration changes. Significance and noveltyBy using the method of small flow perfusion (≤20 μL/min) in the side microfluidic chip after the gravity sedimentation of cells, the continuous loading and elution process of different cryoprotectants on chip and the spectral acquisition can be realized. The intracellular and extracellular concentrations can be quantified in situ based on the ratio of spectral peak intensities. These results indicate that spectroscopic analysis can be used to effectively monitor intracellular cryoprotectant residues.

Formation of hollow spheres structures Co/CoO/ZnO@NC from metal-organic frameworks as a anode for lithium-ion batteries

Transition metal oxides have become a potential anode material for LIBs due to their large theoretical capacity, low cost, abundant resources. However, significant volume changes and severe particle aggregation occur during charge/discharge process. In this work, it is found that the composite of dual component active TMO and single metal, and coating by doped carbon are the effective methods to improve the electrochemical performance and adapt to volume changes in storing lithium. The specific process is based on the co-precipitation of Zn and Co ions in the presence of 2-methylimidazolium salts to produce imidazolium salt frameworks (ZIFs) of bimetallic zeolites, which are then thermally decomposed to form hollow spheres structures Co/CoO/ZnO@NC. The hollow sphere uses Co as the core and CoO/ZnO@NC particles coated with nitrogen doped carbon layer as the shell. These spherical structures exhibit excellent electrochemical performance, high reversible capacity, excellent cycling stability (702 mAh/g at 100 mAg−1 after 100 cycles), and good rate capability (735 mAh/g and 515 mAh/g at 100 mA g−1 and 2000 mA g−1 respectively).

A VLBA-uGMRT search for candidate binary black holes: study of six X-shaped radio galaxies with double-peaked emission lines

ABSTRACT Identifying methods to discover dual active galactic nucleus (AGN) has proven to be challenging. Several indirect tracers have been explored in the literature, including X/S-shaped radio morphologies and double-peaked (DP) emission lines in the optical spectra. However, the detection rates of confirmed dual AGN candidates from the individual methods remain extremely small. We search for binary black holes (BBH) in a sample of six sources that exhibit both X-shaped radio morphology and DP emission lines using the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA). Three out of the six sources show dual VLBA compact components, making them strong candidates for BBH sources. In addition, we present deep uGMRT images revealing the exquisite details of the X-shaped wings in three sources. We present a detailed precession modeling analysis of these sources. The black hole separations estimated from the simplistic geodetic precession model are incompatible with those estimated from emission line offsets and the VLBA separations. However, precession induced by a non-coplanar secondary black hole is a feasible mechanism for explaining the observed X-shaped radio morphologies and the black hole separations estimated from other methods. The black hole separations estimated from the double-peaked emission lines agree well with the VLBA compact component separations. Future multifrequency VLBA observations will be critical in ruling out or confirming the BBH scenario in the three galaxies with dual component detections.

Running-in behavior of dual-mobility cup during the gait cycle: A finite element analysis.

The running-in process is considered an essential aspect of the comprehensive wear process. The phenomenon of running-in occurs during the initial stages of wear in the prosthetic hip joint. Within the field of tribology, the running-in phenomenon of the hip joint pertains to the mechanism by which the contact surfaces of the artificial hip joint components are adjusted and a suitable lubricating film is formed. During the process of hip joint running-in, there is an interaction between the metal surface of the ball and the joint cup, which results in adjustments being made until a steady state is achieved. The achievement of desirable wear existence and reliable performance of artificial hip joint components are reliant upon the tribological running-in of the hip joint. Despite the establishment of current modeling approaches, there remains a significant lack of understanding concerning running-in wear, particularly the metal-on-polyethylene (MoP) articulations in dual-mobility cups (DMC). An essential aspect to consider is the running-in phase of the dual mobility component. The present study employed finite element analysis to investigate the running-in behavior of dual mobility cups, wherein femoral head components were matched with polyethylene liners of varying thicknesses. The analysis of the running-in phase was conducted during the normal gait cycle. The results of this investigation may be utilized to design a dual-mobility prosthetic hip joint that exhibits minimal running-in wear.

Dual lignin-derived polymeric system for peptone removal from simulated wastewater

The long-term existence of peptone can breed a large number of bacteria and cause the eutrophication of municipal wastewater. Thus, removing peptone in the wastewater is a major challenge facing the current industry. This study used cationic and anionic lignin polymers, i.e., kraft lignin-[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] trimethylammonium methyl sulfate (cationic lignin polymer, CLP) and kraft lignin-acrylic acid (anionic lignin polymer, ALP), as flocculants to eliminate peptone from model wastewater in the single and dual component systems. The affinity of peptone for ALP or CLP was assessed by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, contact angle, and vertical scan analyzer. Results illustrated that the adsorption effect of CLP for peptone was significantly superior to that of ALP owing to the stronger vital interaction between cationic polymer and peptone molecules. Based on destabilization and sedimentation analyses, introducing CLP triggered the preliminary flocculation of peptone via bridging action, as indicated by a considerable increment in the destabilization index (from 1.1 to 10.6). Moreover, peptone adsorbed more on the CLP coated surface than on the ALP coated one (14.8 vs 5.4 mg/m2), while ALP facilitated its further adsorption in the dual polymer system. This is because CLP adsorbed a part of peptone molecules on its surface. Then, ALP entrapped the unattached peptone onto the CLP coated surface through electrostatic interaction. Compared with the single polymer system, mixing ALP and CLP subsequently into the peptone solution in the dual system generated larger size aggregates (mean diameter of 6.1 μm) and made the system destabilization (Turbiscan stability index up to 58.1), thereby yielding more flocculation and sedimentation. Finally, peptone was removed successfully from simulated wastewater with a turbidity removal efficiency of 92.5%. These findings confirmed that the dual-component system containing two lignin-derived polymers with opposite charges could be viable for treating peptone wastewater.

A spectral study of GRS 1915+105 during its March 2017 NuSTAR observations

ABSTRACT The Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array Mission (NuSTAR) observed the enigmatic microquasar GRS 1915+105 twice, on 2017 March 26 and 28. Using these NuSTAR observations, we performed a time-resolved spectral analysis. We detected a type C quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) along with the harmonic and the sub-harmonic in both epochs. From our spectral modelling, we found a dual reflection component, where one of the components comes from the hot inner flow and the second component originates from the exterior region of the accretion disc. Additionally, we found strong, highly ionized accretion disc winds as indicated by Fe xxv (on 2017 March 26) and Fe xxvi (on 2017 March 28) absorption lines, likely ultrafast outflows. Finally, at the end of the second observation, we detected variability class, which marked the onset of heartbeat oscillations in the X-ray light curve. We perform time-resolved spectral analysis to comprehend the physical conditions responsible for the onset of the heartbeat. We found that the accretion disc became highly ionized (log ξ > 4), and the high-energy cut-off showed some signs of increase, approaching >100 keV before the onset of the heartbeat class. We have not detected any signature of accretion disc instabilities thought to cause the heartbeat oscillations. We also found a strong positive correlation between the QPO frequency and the power-law index.

Multimodal Dialog Systems with Dual Knowledge-enhanced Generative Pretrained Language Model

Text response generation for multimodal task-oriented dialog systems, which aims to generate the proper text response given the multimodal context, is an essential yet challenging task. Although existing efforts have achieved compelling success, they still suffer from two pivotal limitations: (1) overlook the benefit of generative pretraining and (2) ignore the textual context-related knowledge . To address these limitations, we propose a novel dual knowledge-enhanced generative pretrained language mode for multimodal task-oriented dialog systems (DKMD), consisting of three key components: dual knowledge selection , dual knowledge-enhanced context learning , and knowledge-enhanced response generation . To be specific, the dual knowledge selection component aims to select the related knowledge according to both textual and visual modalities of the given context. Thereafter, the dual knowledge-enhanced context learning component targets seamlessly, integrating the selected knowledge into the multimodal context learning from both global and local perspectives, where the cross-modal semantic relation is also explored. Moreover, the knowledge-enhanced response generation component comprises a revised BART decoder, where an additional dot-product knowledge-decoder attention sub-layer is introduced for explicitly utilizing the knowledge to advance the text response generation. Extensive experiments on a public dataset verify the superiority of the proposed DKMD over state-of-the-art competitors.

A modified hysteresis current controller with DFCEA for current harmonic mitigation using PV-SHAPF

ABSTRACT A Modified Hysteresis Current Controller (MHCC) with Dual Fundamental Component Extraction Algorithm (DFCEA) is presented in this paper. Its purpose is to improve the current harmonics mitigation performance of a three-level T-type inverter-based Shunt Active Power Filter (SHAPF) while operating under non-sinusoidal voltage conditions. The DFCEA is responsible for isolating the fundamental voltage and current components that are necessary for synchronizing each phase and producing the reference current. The existing dual fundamental component extraction technique is updated in order to create the optimized reference currents that are required by the proposed PV-linked T-Type inverter-based Shunt Active Power Filter (PV-SHAPF). This was done in order to meet the requirements of the PV-SHAPF. It is also anticipated that it is excellent at extracting reference currents even under situations of voltage that are not optimum. To maintain the dc-link capacitor voltage at 600 V, a control algorithm of the dc-link capacitor known as the ‘DC link voltage controller’ is used. Both control algorithms are tested in a three-phase T-Type inverter-based PV-SHAPF by simulating them in a MATLAB/Simulink environment. The performance of the MHCC-DFCEA that was designed to mitigate current harmonics was proven by the findings that were gathered.

Early Discharge for Revision Total Knee and Hip Arthroplasty: Predictors of Success

BackgroundThe rate of revision total joint arthroplasties is expected to increase drastically in the near future. Given the recent pandemic, there has been a general push toward early discharge. This study aimed to assess for predictors of early postoperative discharge after revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA) and revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA). MethodsThere were 77 rTKA and 129 rTHA collected between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2021. Demographic data, comorbidities, a comorbidity index, the modified frailty index (mFI-5), and surgical history were collected. The Common Procedural Terminology codes for each case were assessed. Patients were grouped into 2 cohorts, early discharge (length of stay [LOS] <24 hours) and late discharge (LOS >24 hours). ResultsIn the rTHA cohort, age >65 years, a history of cardiac or liver disease, an mFI-5 of >1, a comorbidity index of >2.7, a surgical time >122 minutes, and the need for a transfusion were predictors of prolonged LOS. Only the presence of a surgical time of >63 minutes or an mFI-5 >1 increased patient LOS in the rTKA cohort. In both rTHA and rTKA patients, periprosthetic joint infection resulted in a late discharge for all patients, mean 4.8 and 7.1 days, respectively. Dual component revision was performed in 70.5% of rTHA. Only 27.6% of rTKA were 2-component revisions or placements of an antibiotic spacer. ConclusionsSeveral patient and surgical factors preclude early discharge candidacy. For rTHA, an mFI-5 of >2/5, comorbidity index of >4, or a surgical time of >122 minutes is predictive of prolonged LOS. For rTKA, an mFI-5 of >2/5, Charlson Comorbidity Index of >5, or a surgical time of >63 minutes predicts prolonged LOS.

A Dual Fundamental Current Extraction Controller for DSTATCOM in the Distribution System for Power Quality Improvement Under Non-Ideal Source Voltage Condition

Most of the controllers often fail to work properly when encountered with power quality (PQ) issues like unbalanced and distorted grid voltage conditions in three-phase distribution system (TPDS). To address this problem, usually a dynamic static compensator (DSTATCOM) is utilized in TPDS. For enhanced performance, a novel dual fundamental component extraction (DFCE) technique is proposed for generating reference currents (RC) in a TPDS exhausting DSTATCOM. The proposed controller is highly effective for reactive power compensation and source current harmonic suppression under source unbalanced voltages condition with nonlinear load conditions. For computation of RC and phase synchronization, the controller extracts the required fundamental voltage and current at the same time. Consequently, the controller is able to control DSTATCOM operation in TPDS without any phase locked loop (PLL) and low pass filter (LPF). For generation of fundamental components of voltage and current, projected controller utilizes the self-tuning filter (STF). The efficacy of the controller is established in comparison to existing controllers like synchronous reference frame theory, p-q theory and STF-p-q under different grid voltage conditions. To enhance PQ, the suggested controller works efficiently for fundamental current component extraction without using PLL and low/high pass filter in case of grid distorted voltage condition.